Author :
Abstract
İklim değişikliğinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan insan yer değiştirmeleri, ırk, din, milliyet gibi belirli bir sosyal gruptaki üyeliğe ya da siyasi nedenler gibi geleneksel düşüncelere dayanan insan hareketlerine kıyasla yeni bir kavram olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çevresel/iklimsel değişiklikler, tarih boyunca insan hareketlerinde önemli bir etken olmuştur. İklim değişikliği, göçü etkileyebilecek değişikliklere katkıda bulunur ve hızlandırmaktadır. Günümüzde iklim değişikliği, tarım arazilerinin bozulması, çölleşme ve su kirliliği gibi etkenler nedeniyle dünyanın bazı bölgelerinin daha az yaşanabilir hale getirmektedir. İklim mültecileri kavramı uluslararası sınırı aşarak yerlerinden edilenleri tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, “iklim mültecileri”, çevresel etkenlere bağlı olarak göçü gönüllü veya zorlanmış olan kişileri ifade etmektedir. Afetler ve/veya iklim değişikliği bağlamında yerlerinden edilmiş insanlar terimi, afetler nedeniyle zorunlu bir yer değiştirmeyi ifade etmektedir. Çevresel olaylara cevaben göç genellikle geçicidir, yani insanlar günler, haftalar ya da aylar boyunca hareket edebilirler, ancak göç ettikleri bölgelere geri dönebilirler. İklim değişikliğinin insan göçü ve hareketliliği açısından etkisini artması beklenmektedir. Ancak, çevresel değişim ve göç arasındaki ilişkinin karmaşıklığı göz önüne alındığında, iklimsel veya doğal tehlikeler ile doğrusal bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada iklim değişikliği ile göç arasındaki bağın insan hareketliliğine nasıl bir katkı sağladığı açıklanmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
Human displacement as a result of climate change emerges as a new concept compared to human movements that belong to a particular social group, such as traditional ideas such as race, religion, nationality or political reasons. Environmental/climatic changes have been an important factor in human movements throughout history. Climate change contributes to and accelerates changes that may affect migration. Today, climate change reduces agricultural land degradation, desertification and water pollution and makes some regions of the world less livable. The concept of climate refugees is used to identify those displaced by crossing the international border. For this reason, climate refugees “refer to persons who are voluntary or forced to migrate due to environmental factors. Disasters and/or people displaced in the context of climate change refer to a mandatory displacement due to disasters. In response to environmental events, migration is often transient, people can move for days, weeks, or months, but they can return to the areas they migrate. The impact of climate change on human migration and mobility is expected to increase. However, given the complexity of the relationship between environmental change and migration, there is no linear relationship with climatic or natural hazards. This study explains how the link between climate change and migration contributes to human mobility.
Keywords
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