Rus-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın Avrupa Birliği Tedarik Zincirine Etkileri

Author :  

DOI : 10.29228/sssj.64835
Year-Number: 2022-104
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2022-12-02 20:00:52.0
Language : Türkçe
Konu : Beşeri ve İktisadi coğrafya
Number of pages: 3933-3954
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

Tedarik zincir kavramı, bir ürünün tedarikinden başlayıp tüketiciye ulaşmasına kadar gerçekleştirilen bütün süreci kapsamaktadır. Tedarik zinciri küreselleşmeyle daha kırılgan bir hal almıştır. 2022’de Rusya’nın Ukrayna’yı işgaliyle başlayan süreç küresel tedarik ağlarını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Savaşın gerçekleştiği coğrafya olan Avrupa bu durumdan en çok etkilenen bölgeler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Rusya- Ukrayna Savaşı’nın Avrupa Birliği tedarik zincirine etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Savaşa bağlı olarak AB’de en çok etkilenen sektörler; enerji, ekonomi, sanayi, ulaşım ve tarımdır. AB enerji tedariğinde Rusya kaynak coğrafyası, Ukrayna ise enerjinin transferinde geçiş coğrafyası olarak stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. İşgalin başlamasından sonra küresel piyasada enerji fiyatları ciddi oranda artmıştır. Özellikle doğal gaz, AB enerji piyasasında tarihî rekorlar kırmıştır. Bu duruma bağlı olarak AB ekonomilerinde çift haneli enflasyonlar görülmüştür. Savaşa koşut olarak tedarik zincirlerinde yaşanan gecikmeler ürün-fiyat değişimlerinde belirgin farklılıklar oluşturmuştur. Söz konusu durum AB ekonomilerinde resesyona neden olmuştur. Rusya sahip olduğu kıymetli madenlerle imalat sektörünün önemli bir tedarikçisidir. Rusya’ya uygulanan yaptırımlar neticesinde AB’de çip, otomotiv, araba ve çelik sektörü derinden etkilenmiştir. Savaş dolasıyla Karadeniz’in uluslararası ticarete kapatılması tedarik zincirini bozarken, ticari kısıtlamalar nedeniyle sigorta ücretleri artmıştır. Rusya ve Ukrayna tarım sektöründe iki önemli ülke olarak dikkat çekmektedir. İki ülke mısır, arpa, buğday ve ayçiçek ticaretinde önemli gelirler elde etmektedir. Savaş hem tarım ürünlerine talebi artırmış hem de gıda güvenliğini tehlikeye atmıştır. Karadeniz limanlarının kapatılması sonucunda AB’ye daha az tahıl girişi olurken, gıda endüstrisi fiyatlarında ciddi dalgalanmalar yaşanmıştır.

Keywords

Abstract

The concept of supply chain comprises that the whole period getting started from supplying product to reaching consumers. Supply chain has been fragile owing to globalization. Global supply chain has been negative impacted on Russia’s Ukraine invasion in 2022. Europa, region taking place of the war, is one of the most affected areas. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of Russian- Ukrainian war on European Union supply chain. It was utilised document analysis from qualitative research method. The most affected sectors in EU are energy, economy, industry, transportation and agriculture based on the war. Russia source geography and Ukraine as transition geography is to strategic importance supplying in EU’s energy needs. After the start of invasion energy prices have increased significantly in the global market. Especially, natural gas has hit records in EU energy market. In this sitation, it was seen double-digit inflation in EU economies. Supply chain delays have made serious differences in product-prices alteration. Being talked sitation has caused recession in the EU economies. Russia is a crucial supplier of the manufacturing industry by reason of its own precious metals. As a result of sanction against Russia chip, automotive, car and steel sector in the EU have profoundly affected. While closing Black Sea to international trade because of the war has disrupted to supply chain, insurance fees have increased due to commercial restrictions. Russia and Ukraine are drawn attention as a two key countries in the agricultural sector. Two countries  earn significant income in trade of corn, barley, wheat and sunflower. War has soared up demand of agricultural products as well as jeopardized food safety. While the result of closing Black Sea ports entered less grain to EU market, the prices of food industry was fluctuations remarkable.

Keywords

Kaynakça

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