Author :
Abstract
Bağımsızlığını ilan ederek özgür uluslar ailesine katılmak isteyen bir devletin tanınması çok farklı şekillerde olabilmektedir. Tanıma sadece de jure veya de facto şeklinde olmayıp, kimi zaman prematüre, kimi zaman örtülü, kimi zaman açık, kimi zaman şartlı, kimi zaman metropolitan ve kimi zaman da kolektif bir biçimde olabilmektedir. Kuşkusuz bütün bu tanıma türleri arasında en işlevsel olanı, kolektif tanımadır. Bir devletin uluslararası bir karar veya uluslararası bir örgüt tarafından tanınmasına kolektif tanıma denir. Kolektif tanıma bir uluslararası örgütün eliyle gerçekleşebilmektedir ve bu tarz tanıma yöntemi, amaca uygunluk bakımından en yararlı tanıma yollarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Zira ortak bir karar ile tanınan devletin örgüte üye edilmesi, tanınan devlet açısından büyük bir diplomatik zafer anlamına gelir. Ancak bir devletin varlığı tamamen tanınmasına bağlı bir durum değildir. Örneğin, Amerika Devletleri Örgütü Misakının 12. maddesinde, bir devletin varlığının tanınmayla ilgili olmadığı belirtilmektedir. Bununla birlikte devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ve uluslararası hukuk kişiliği kazanmasında tanınma büyük bir avantaj sağlamaktadır. Zira tanınmamış ve uluslararası destekten yoksun bir devletin kendi varlığını koruması, tanınmış bir devlete nazaran çok daha zordur
Keywords
Abstract
The recognition of a state, which demands to be a member of free nation’s family by declaring its independence, can occur in many different ways. The recognition may occur not only in the way of de jure and de facto but also in the way of premature, implicit, articulate, conditional, metropolitan or collective. There is no doubt that the collective recognition is the most functional one within all types of recognitions. The recognition of a state via an international decision or by an international organization is called as collective recognition. The collective recognition of a state can be actualized by favor of an international organization. This kind of recognition method is considered as one of the most useful recognition types with regards to expediency because enrolling the state to the organization with common decision of member states means a great diplomatic victory for recognized state. However, existence of a state does not always depend on its recognitions by other states. For example, it is stated in the article 12 of Organization of American States’ charter that the existence of a state is not only related to the recognition. The fact remains that the recognition provides a great advantage in the emergence of states and gaining international legal personality for them. Because of this fact, it is much more difficult for a state, which is not recognized and is destitute of international support, to continue its existence as compared with a recognized state.
Keywords
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