SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2025 Issue Cilt 11 Sayı 10

Phenomenology And Its Applıcatıon As A Research Method In Socıal Scıences

Sinan Akseki — 2025-10-25

The aim of this study is to analyze the basic features of phenomenological research, which is a qualitative research design that has recently been frequently preferred in social sciences, in the studies conducted on the literature and to provide a basic and small contribution to the researchers who will use these designs. In this study, firstly, the characteristics of qualitative research are mentioned, and then a brief analysis of the effects of phenomenological research on social sciences, contributions to researchers, advantages and disadvantages of phenomenological research is made.

Online Romantic Relationships: How They Meet and Communicate?

Beyza Bulutİlayda Doğan ,Derya Çakır ,Şerife Gonca Zeren — 2025-10-25

As life becomes increasingly integrated with technology, romantic relationships have been transformed, with online relationships emerging as a contemporary reality. Dating applications and social media now play a decisive role in how individuals meet and interact with potential partners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and predictive power of communication method, meeting method, gender, and age in determining the likelihood of university students forming online romantic relationships. The study sample consisted of 318 university students, including 253 women and 65 men. The research data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Findings indicate that the mode of online communication is the strongest predictor of engaging in an online romantic relationship, followed by the online meeting method and age. The gender variable, however, was found to have no significant effect. While individuals who prefer online communication and meeting methods are more likely to establish an online romantic relationship, this likelihood decreases with increasing age.

Systematic Analysis of Global Risks: An AHP-Based Evaluation of Youth Unemployment, Climate Change, and Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Western Liberal Democracies and Türkiye

Eliz Karabulut Mustafa Sundu — 2025-10-25

This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to systematically evaluate and prioritize three major global risks—youth unemployment, climate change, and artificial intelligence—within the context of Western liberal democracies and Türkiye. Building on a two-level hierarchical framework, five analytical criteria were adopted: Likelihood of Occurrence, Speed of Emergence, Governability and Policy Preparedness, Inclusiveness of Impact, and Indirect Effects on Democracy. Pairwise comparisons were conducted and aggregated using the geometric mean method, and consistency ratios (CR) were calculated to ensure methodological reliability.

The results reveal that Climate Change ranks as the most critical global risk, primarily due to its broad societal impact and manageability through governance structures. Youth Unemployment follows as a highly probable and politically destabilizing risk, particularly affecting democratic resilience. Artificial Intelligence is placed third overall but emerges as the fastest-growing threat, especially in relation to governance and democratic trust.

The study highlights the multidimensional nature of global risks, with each risk dominating in different evaluative dimensions. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of AHP in integrating qualitative judgments into a systematic, quantitative framework. The findings underline the importance of differentiated yet coordinated policy responses, combining immediate socio-economic measures, long-term sustainability strategies, and anticipatory governance of emerging technologies.

A Research on Wine Tourism within the Scope of Sustainable Tourism: Urla Example

Diğdem Alper Çimen Ali Ilgaz — 2025-10-25

Wine and viticulture tourism is a type of tourism that is sustainable and leaves high added value, where the vineyard and the products obtained from the vineyard can be sold or tasted directly and it also includes accommodation, gastronomic experiences, cultural and various nature activities. The high income generated by wine tourism and the fact that it is a sustainable type of tourism reveals the need for more studies in this field. In this study, using the literature review method, previous studies on the subject were examined and suggestions were tried to be made for the deficiencies in the field. In this regard, a situation evaluation was made on the example of 'Urla Vineyard Rode'. The study aims to contribute to the literature by evaluating sustainable tourism and wine and viticulture tourism together. As a result of the current evaluated studies, it was once again emphasized that wine and viticulture tourism is a highly profitable and sustainable type of tourism, but it was concluded that it is not promoted enough in Turkey.

Examining the Views of Prospective Social Sciences Teachers on Citizenship Literacy

Büşra Yılmaz Hatice Memişoğlu — 2025-10-25

The practices implemented within the scope of citizenship education are of great importance for individuals to acquire citizenship competencies. One of these competencies is citizenship literacy skill. The aim of this study is to examine pre-service social studies teachers' views on citizenship literacy skills. In this study, which aims to reveal and examine the perceptions of pre-service teachers about citizenship literacy skills, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. The study group of the research consisted of 27 pre-service social studies teachers studying at a state university in the 2024-2025 academic year. The data of the study were obtained through a semi-structured interview form. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. It was observed that pre-service social studies teachers had partial knowledge about the definition and dimensions of the concept of civic literacy. The fact that citizenship literacy is associated with many concepts, knowledge, skills and values shows its multidimensional structure supported by integrated and process-oriented skills. It is stated that citizenship literacy skills acquired at an early age can contribute to more permanent and meaningful learning. In the teaching process, there may be problems arising from the quality of teachers and students, the framework of the teaching process and curriculum, the content of textbooks and the nature of the concept of citizenship, and among the suggestions for solutions to possible problems, there are suggestions for revising curricula, using different methods and techniques in the teaching process and concretizing the concept of citizenship. The inclusion of citizenship literacy skills in the curriculum for the first time is seen positively.

Visualizing Climate Change and Gender Inequality Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (2008–2024)

Elif Cemek — 2025-10-25

This research explores the development of scholarly work on gender inequality and climate change. Through a bibliometric analysis of 187 publications indexed in the Web of Science between 2008 and 2024, the study identifies key patterns and contributions in the field. The findings indicate that the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, and China emerge as the leading countries in terms of research output while Lund University stands out as the most productive institution. Publication activity shows a sharp increase beginning in 2018 and reaching its peak in 2023, reflecting a surge of academic interest in recent years. The most frequently used keywords include climate change, vulnerability, women, adaptation, health, and poverty. By mapping these dynamics, the study provides valuable insights into prevailing trends, existing research gaps, and significant advancements within the literature on gender inequality and climate change.

An Overview of Prevention and Remediation Efforts Regarding Social and Emotional Problems of Gifted/Talented Children

Hakan Bayrı Hatice Zekâvet Kabasakal — 2025-10-25

Gifted and specially talented children differ markedly from their peers in cognitive, social, and emotional domains. The literature indicates a longstanding emphasis on academic performance, while social-emotional needs have been comparatively neglected. This review aims to highlight prevention and remediation interventions addressing the social and emotional problems of gifted children, and to provide a practical reference framework for practitioners and students. Studies published between 2005 and 2025 were searched in Google Scholar, DergiPark, EBSCO, and the Turkish National Thesis Center databases; a total of 17 works, including 7 articles and 10 theses, were examined in detail. Findings indicate that interventions converge around two main orientations. The first orientation encompasses practices aimed at skill acquisition and developmental support (such as emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, social-emotional learning, and music- or drama-based programs). The second orientation focuses on reducing problems and enhancing coping skills (including social anxiety, test and stress management, classroom behavioral issues, and perfectionism). Intervention programs typically consist of 6–12 sessions and employ creative drama, bibliotherapy, cognitive-behavioral techniques, parent training, and physically active approaches. Overall, these interventions produce significant improvements in social-emotional outcomes; however, further longitudinal evidence and multi-setting applications are needed. The review underscores the importance of strengthening school- and family-based preventive approaches and expanding the dissemination of evidence-based programs.

Anatolianism as an Identity: The Search for a Cultural Homeland in Hilmi Ziya Ülken

Vefa Adıgüzel — 2025-10-25

This article aims to discuss Anatolianism, which has a central place in Hilmi Ziya Ülken's world of thought, in the context of a search for identity.his article aims to discuss Anatolianism, which has a central place in Hilmi Ziya Ülken's world of thought, in the context of a search for identity. Anatolianism emerged as an effort to bothhis article aims to discuss Anatolianism, which has a central place in Hilmi Ziya Ülken's world of thought, in the context of a search for identity. Anatolianism emerged as an effort to both turn to space and to build a new cultural identity through this space within the cultural debates that shaped Turkey in the early Republican period. Hilmi Ziya Ülken's approach to Anadoluism positions Anatolia not only as a physical geography, but also as a “homeland” that is the carrier of historical and cultural continuity. Although this perspective shares similar grounds with nationalism, it shows significant differences, especially in terms of the way cultural identity is defined and the establishment of historical belonging. Ülken bases its cultural identity not on ethnic homogeneity, but on the multi-layered history of Anatolia, folk culture and the accumulation of civilization.lthough this perspective shares similar grounds with nationalism, it shows significant differences, especially in terms of the way cultural identity is defined and the establishment of historical belonging. Ülken bases its cultural ide.

Approaches to Preserving Malatya Urban Identity: The Case of Karakavak Mosque

Murat Şahin Pınar Akbulut — 2025-10-25

The protection of cultural and architectural heritage contributes to sustainable urban development and establishes a connection between the past and the future. In this respect, Malatya, one of the important settlement areas of Anatolia, is one of the important regions with its own urban and rural city identity. The Historical Karakavak Mosque, specifically the Karakavak District of Malatya, which is rapidly losing its urban and rural identity, was chosen as the study area. The aim of the study is to address the transformations experienced by the Karakavak Neighborhood of the Yeşilyurt district of Malatya on its cultural and historical texture during the rapid urbanization process, and to examine the effects of the Historical Karakavak Mosque, one of the important works of rural adobe architecture that is currently in disuse, on the urban identity, to ensure the cultural and environmental sustainability of the structure, and to offer suggestions on how we can preserve this identity during the urbanization process. As a result of the study, suggestions were presented to ensure cultural sustainability by re-functioning the mosque and to preserve the identity of the neighborhood in the urbanization process.

The Role of Economy in Putin’s Long-Term Rule From The Perspective Of Rational Choice And Economic Voting Theories

Abdulkadir Cesur — 2025-10-25

Vladimir Putin has been in power in Russia for nearly a quarter of a century. On the other hand, the factors that play a role in the emergence and consolidation of such long-term governments, also known as dominant-party systems, and which of these factors are decisive are still under debate. In short, the determining dynamics that create long-term governments have not yet been theorized or formalized into a definitive system. However, it is argued that political parties or leaders who come to power based on voter preferences must act within the framework of rational choice and economic voting theories to maintain their power, as voters primarily act based on these principles and are most influenced by economic factors in this context. Therefore, this study focuses on whether and to what extent economic factors play a role in Russian voters' favoring Putin. The findings of the study, based on a literature review and data from statistical institutions, indicate that Russian voters act in a manner that confirms rational choice and economic voting theories and is highly influenced by economic factors in their voting choises.

3D Animation in Medical Illustration: An Application on Brain and Skull Anatomy

Medine Yıldırım Simooğlu Suna Özgür Karaalan — 2025-10-25

Throughout history, people have developed various methods to communicate and pass on knowledge to future generations. These methods have been passed down to the present day through writing and illustration techniques. Illustration, known as an illustration technique, has been used as a means of communication for centuries. Findings in the fields of medicine and science have been comprehensively prepared through illustrations and presented to students and physicians. With the advancement of technology, three-dimensional imaging devices used in the field of medicine have also been reflected in the field of illustration; thus, the ability to design medical illustrations in three-dimensional and animated form has made joint work between the disciplines of medicine and design possible. Three-dimensional medical animations have ensured that information is presented in a clearer and more understandable way in medical education and surgical practices; they have also increased trust and comprehensibility in the patient-doctor relationship. These animations, especially in conveying complex surgical procedures, have enhanced the accessibility of information and findings by offering real-time animations using tissue, color, light, and step-by-step modeling techniques.

The main subject of this research is the presentation of three-dimensional medical illustrations as animations. The study examined how medical illustrations are animated in three-dimensional software programs, the programs used, and the applications of the design processes, and animations were produced for this purpose. Within the scope of the research, three-dimensional brain and skull anatomy models were prepared using the Blender program, and then these models were animated to create animations. The brain and skull models were developed based on the opinions and suggestions of specialist physicians.

Evaluation of Secondary School Geography Textbooks in Terms of Measurement and Evaluation Activities

Turan Aksakal — 2025-10-25

The aim of the study was to examine the number and type of activities in secondary school geography textbooks. For this purpose, document review technique based on qualitative data analysis was used in the study. The materials of the study consist of geography textbooks for the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades used in the 2024-2025 school year. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. Frequency tables were created based on the data obtained. The study found that there were 152 activities in the 9th grade geography textbook, 64 in the 10th grade geography textbook, 56 in the 11th grade geography textbook, and 82 in the 12th grade geography textbook. The findings indicate that the activities included in the textbooks are object-based open-ended, design, marking, short answer, diagnostic branched tree, semantic analysis table, fill in the blank, multiple choice, true false, matching, field work, opinion development, etc. It has been determined that the 9th grade geography textbook prepared according to the Türkiye Century Maarif (Education) Model has more activity types than other books. In all the textbooks, alternative measurement tools were generally used in the activities in accordance with the nature of the constructivist approach.

Alternative Tourism Potential in the Kayaboğaz-Sağlarca Section of Botan Valley: A Nature and Culture Based Geographical Assessment

Serkan Sabancı — 2025-10-25

This study aims to evaluate the alternative tourism potential of the Botan Valley (Siirt), specifically the section between Kayaboğaz and Sağlarca, by examining its natural and cultural landscape elements from a geographical perspective. Land use, geological structure, morphometric features, vegetation cover, and cultural heritage components are analyzed in an integrated manner to assess their suitability for nature and culture-based tourism development. The methodology involves the use of ArcGIS-based spatial analyses, including slope, aspect, elevation, NDVI, and geology maps, supported by raster analyses and visual interpretation. Tourism-oriented elements such as the Delikli Taş (Rasıl Hacar), Tillo Fortress, dam reservoir, canyon walls, canoe and boat tour routes, and tene (nature walking) trails are identified and classified based on field observations and local knowledge. A SWOT analysis is also applied to reveal the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to tourism development in the area. The findings indicate that the geomorphological diversity of the valley floor and slopes, the visually impressive karstic limestone formations, and water-based activities such as canoeing and boat tours offer significant potential for ecotourism, geotourism, and cultural tourism. Additionally, the spiritual and cultural heritage of Tillo and its surroundings enhances tourism diversity and presents new opportunities for sustainable rural development. In conclusion, the Kayaboğaz–Sağlarca section of the Botan Valley should be recognized as a significant destination for nature and culture-based alternative tourism, and requires careful planning and conservation within a sustainable tourism framework.

Prominent Learning and Teaching Approaches in Visual Arts Education

Sinem Alpaslan — 2025-10-25

The Learning and teaching approaches in visual arts classes have evolved and changed over the years in different age groups from preschool to higher education. Among these approaches that guide the twentieth and 21st century education system, certain ones that overlap with the purpose and content of visual arts education and support its achievements stand out. The purpose of this research is to examine the learning and teaching approaches that stand out in visual arts education and to provide visual arts teachers/art educators with various educational approaches that they can use in their classes. When we look back, it is seen that from the “First School Curriculum Program” of 1926 to the present, the ones that guide the visual arts course curriculum are; child-centered approach, education through art approach, discipline-oriented approach, multiple intelligence approach and reconstructive approaches (interdisciplinarity, visual culture, multiculturalism). According to relevant studies, the feedback received from students and teachers has been decisive for the effectiveness of these approaches, which are examined in the literature as a subject area in their own right.

Material Flow Cost Accounting: Application in a Food Business

D. Ali Kızılyalçın — 2025-10-25

In recent years, environmental sensibility has been increasing worldwide. Factors such as the depletion of raw material resources, the negative effects of climate change, and pollution caused by waste are attracting attention at all levels, from local to global. Businesses and policymakers are facing increasing pressure to prevent these negative impacts. In this regard, the accounting function has a role to play, as it does for businesses as a whole. Traditional costing systems provide businesses with information on product costs. However, they are criticized for not providing information on environmental issues or for providing insufficient information. This inadequacy in traditional costing systems has necessitated the emergence of new methods.

Environmental management accounting has emerged as a method that provides information on both physical and monetary issues. Material flow cost accounting was also developed in Germany in the 1990s as an element of environmental management accounting. Material flow cost accounting is a system of analyzing the input-output relationships of material flows in the production process according to mass balance. The method determines the positive and negative output ratio by analyzing costs classified as material, energy, system, and waste management costs.

The study aimed to examine the applicability of material flow cost accounting in a food business. In this context, the method was applied in a medium-sized fig processing plant. The application analyzed the production process of the business and attempted to determine the ratios of negative and positive outputs. The negative product cost in the business was determined to be 18.86%, while the cost of positive products was determined to be 80.74%. The cost of waste management has been set at 0,40%.

Artifical Intelligence: A Discussion on the Boundary of the Fake, the Lie and the False

Adem Ökten — 2025-10-25

This study highlights the transformation brought about by artificial intelligence in the areas of access to information, perception of reality, and ethical responsibility, from a general perspective. It is emphasised that artificial intelligence has moved beyond being merely a tool for providing information, blurring the distinctions between true and false, and real and fake. Assessments of what intelligence is are addressed within the context of the wholeness of the human mind. However, the similarity of artificial intelligence to the human mind is a highly controversial topic. While some argue that artificial intelligence will advance humanity as it approaches functioning like the human mind, opposing views suggest that this development could threaten humanity's future. The study discusses the dark aspects of the relationship between artificial intelligence and humans, rather than whether it is truly “intelligent”. This is because, over time, it has been seen that such technologies can produce both expected and unforeseen negative consequences. Applications such as deepfakes and algorithmic manipulation undermine the perception of reality, inevitably raising ethical and legal responsibilities. While humans have a desire to access accurate information, this desire carries the risk of getting lost in piles of unverifiable and dubious information. Software developers' predictions mostly focus on technical errors. However, the fact that some applications can generate non-existent information or news and manipulate unrealistic sounds or images seriously undermines trust in these tools. Consequently, artificial intelligence inevitably points to a turning point that holds both hope and threat for humanity.

Alimony for Poverty in Turkish Civil Law

Hilal Aba — 2025-10-25

This study examines the institution of alimony due to poverty (yoksulluk nafakası) in Turkish Civil Law within the framework of its historical development, legal nature, conditions, practical problems, and reform proposals. The research first presents the definition of alimony, its historical origins, and legal foundations, and then evaluates the essential conditions required for granting alimony. It emphasizes that falling into poverty after divorce, the criterion of fault, the requirement of a request, and the proportionality of alimony to the debtor’s financial capacity are the fundamental elements of the institution. In practice, the regulation of “perpetual alimony” has been a major source of debate. Imposing a lifelong financial obligation following short-term marriages is considered contrary to equity; therefore, proposals such as introducing time limits, granting judicial discretion, or creating state-supported funds have been suggested. The Constitutional Court has ruled that perpetual alimony is not unconstitutional, while the Court of Cassation has maintained that alimony cannot be limited by duration. In doctrine, divergent views have emerged: some argue that perpetuity is compulsory, while others advocate for setting an upper limit or recognizing judicial discretion. Comparative law demonstrates that many jurisdictions regulate alimony with time limits, taking into account the duration of marriage and the social circumstances of the parties. This indicates that the perpetual alimony model in Turkish law constitutes an exception rather than the norm. The study concludes that instead of abolishing or rigidly restricting alimony, a more balanced, equitable, and foreseeable regulation that protects the interests of both parties is necessary.

Formal Analysis of Marc Chagall's Work “Lovers in The Lilacs” and Its Evaluation Within The Scope of Freud's Article “On A Special Type of Object Choice in Men

Kardelen Özdemir Nazan Düz — 2025-10-25

Expressionist Marc Chagall was an artist of Jewish origin and entered the art world from a poor life. His struggle for life deeply affected him and led to the emergence of his works. Sigmund Freud, like Chagall, was of Jewish origin and was born in Vienna. Freud, who was interested in art, addressed the subject in works of art and questioned the reason for the emergence of it. The aim of the research is to define the Expressionism art movement, to provide information about Marc Chagall's life and to evaluate the artist's work Lovers in Lilacs within the scope of Freud's article On a Special Type of Object Selection in Men and to find the reason for the emergence of the work. The descriptive scanning model, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the research. Within the scope of the article, the work was analyzed in depth both formally and thematically. As a result, the works produced by the artist reflect the effect of the observations and experiences that deeply affected Chagall's inner world. The artist's work Lovers in Lilacs can also be seen as a work that reflects the artist's feelings about love, affection and sexuality.

Current Threats Impacting Defense Strategy: Migration "The Arab Sprıng Case Study"

Burak Beyaz Erdal Kılıç — 2025-10-25

The text should be preceded by a brief abstract, between 100-250 words

Today, defense planning requires a multidimensional strategy shaped not only by traditional military threats but also by socio-political, environmental and economic factors. The global security environment has diversified with new threat elements such as asymmetric threats and wars, terrorism, cyber attacks, biological and chemical threats, climate change and mass migration. These threats make defense policies more complex and dynamic. In recent years, mass migration in particular has become an important issue that has led to the reshaping of security, stability and defense strategies. This article will first address current issues and threats affecting defense planning. Then, the concept of migration and its historical background will be discussed and the Arab Spring example will be discussed. The impact of migration movements after the Arab Spring on defense planning will be discussed.