SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2021 Issue 77

EMBROIDERED GUN RACKS OF LEATHER AMONG THE MILITARY ITEMS AND ACCESSORIES

Melda ÖZDEMİR,, Emine ODABAŞI — 2024-08-29

The articles made of leather are known to have an important place in the life of the Turkish people. Leather has been a widely used material as the husbandry is the main source of income. Turkish people made use of leather for the manufacture and decoration of many objects such as clothing and clothing accessories, saddles and harnesses for horses, weapon accessories, utensils, and tents. The Turkish art that developed in two different styles after immigration in Central Asia and Anatolia is also reflected in the form and decoration of the articles of leather. Today, the articles of the leather art created by the Turkish people in Central Asia and the Ottoman Empire are found in various collections in museums in Turkey and abroad. When the Turkish leather art is examined, it is seen that it is grouped under 4 groups according to the use in the military field: armaments of leather for shooting, edged, and breaching weapons, and firearms. In this study, 8 embroidered gun racks of leather among the armaments of leather for firearms, with 2 being obtained from Turkish and Islamic Art Museum, and 3 each being obtained from Beşiktaş Naval Museum and Harbiye Military Museum have been examined in detail for the period to which they belonged, and for the equipment, technique, color, motif and composition used in the articles, and tried to be introduced.

MAMELUKE MOSQUES IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA

Zeynep Mehlika ULUÇAM KIRBAĞ, — 2024-08-29

The Mameluke State, which ruled in Egypt and Syria between the years 1250-1517 and had a worldwide originality regarding the state system, has an exceptional importance among the Medieval Turkish-Islamic states. They had pursued their sovereignty for almost half a century and this made them important in history. The artistic works that such a strong and long-lasting state leaves behind are of course various and particularly unique. It is known that the Mamelukes reflect their own characters on their manuscripts, the wares that they use daily, architectural fields and ornamentation techniques. Especially in the field of architecture, in both construction and ornament techniques, there are many properties considered to be a Mameluke signature. The most magnificent works of the Mamelukes are in their capital city, i.e. Cairo. However, works were also seen in the cities reached they expanded their borders and they succeeded in subsisting in architectural texture. Mameluke succeeded in arriving at today’s Kayseri border in the era of Sultan ez-Zahir Rükneddin Baybars el-Bundukdari. Southeastern Anatolia used to belong to the Mameluke State up until the disintegrations started and finally it was included in their own lands by the Ottoman State. The sultans who came to the throne rebuilt the blasted architectural structures in the cities in Southeastern Anatolia as they did in every city within the boundaries of the Mameluke State and built new structures in their own name in these places. The architectural works that belonged to the Mameluke State in Southeastern Anatolia and reached the present day are in Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa and Adıyaman. As can be understood from the epitaphs or ornaments of the structures in these cities, six different mosques were from the Mamelukes. These religious architectures being subject to the study are Birecik Ulu Mosque, Birecik Çarşı Mosque, Kilis Ulu Mosque, Besni Ulu Mosque, Besni Çarşı Mosque and Kutlu Doğmuş Mosque.

EVALUATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF VILLAGES ÖREN (VIRÂN) AND ARMUTLU BY MEANS OF TOMBSTONES AND POPULATION REGISTRIES DURING THE OTTOMAN PERIOD

ilker Mümin ÇAĞLAR, — 2024-08-29

In this study, which is based on the field research aimed at determining the demographic structures of Armutlu and Ören villages, which are subject to Kemalpaşa District of Izmir today, Ottoman period gravestones, population and temettuat registers of the mentioned villages were examined. Ottoman period tombstones found in the old cemetery of Ören village, in the graveyard of Koca Camii in Armutlu village, in the old cemetery and in the current cemetery were examined in detail. The family and family names determined as a result of this study were compared with the names registered in the population and temettuat registers of Armutlu and Ören villages. Thus, the social and demographic texture of these villages, especially in the 19th century, was tried to be revealed. Gravestones contain important information showing the social lives, economic activities, religious beliefs and social status of the people they belong to. In addition, the number of male population of the whole country was determined with the first census conducted in the Ottoman state in the first half of the 19th century. These records also contain information about the person's profession, title, pseudonym and physical characteristics, as they are intended to identify taxpayers and potential soldiers. By keeping records such as name, title, nickname and profession in the dividend books, which are another source of the study, information about the social structure of these villages can be obtained.

NATIONAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE SECURITY IN TURKEY

Eray GÖÇ, — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study, which is one of the main reasons for the development of the private security sector, examining its contribution to national security that at which stage of the private security sector in Turkey and in this sense is to investigate whether and at what stage. The birth of the private security industry in this direction, Examination of the national security concept and public security, as auxiliary units for general law enforcement by taking the current state of private security, the role of private security From the perspective of national security in Turkey and will be emphasized. Although it is not an easy situation for the nation states to take the security business from the control of the general police and leave it to a new structure in its private security, the conditions of the period, the effect of globalization, population growth, urbanization, settlement, industrialization, etc. factors inevitably made a new and supportive security service mandatory. Although it is the result of a painful process, nation states have inevitably had to support the security business with a different unit. The study is a study in which the contributions of the private security sector to national security are investigated and the areas in which they affect.

PRECONCEPTION CARE IN IMPROVING MATERNAL AND FETAL HEALTH: CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW

Mükerrem BAŞLİ,, Dilek BİLGİÇ — 2024-08-29

Preconception care is a preventive health service that includes identifying and correcting the risks for women's health and pregnancy outcomes, and includes attempts for the woman and her spouse/ partner before conception. These services aim to prepare for pregnancy, to maintain a healthy pregnancy and to result pregnancy in a healthy way. In addition, it is aimed to increase the well-being of adolescents and all adult women and men. Although preconception care is a priority for couples who have a pregnancy plan for the next 1-2 years, it should be delivered to all individuals at reproductive age regardless of the idea of pregnancy. The main components of preconception care are risk assessment and screening, pre-pregnancy health promotion and implementation of necessary interventions to reduce risks. Besides the basic applications in preconception care, there are also individualized applications according to the individual conditions, chronic diseases and exposures of teratogens. These services are considered as the duty of all health professionals serving people at reproductive age. The role of nurses, who are in frequent contact with individuals, comes to the fore in the delivery of these services. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the importance of preconception care, to discuss the topics in preconception care in the light of the current literature and to raise awareness among nurses.

THE OVERVIEW LOOK OF ELECTRIC GUITAR METHODS WRITTEN IN TURKEY: EXAMINATION OF A METHOD

Kaan NUHOĞLU,, E. Ceylan ÜNAL AKBULUT — 2024-08-29

The musicians such as Ahmet Seyfi Erkan, Burak İşbilen, Selim Işık, Aycan Karadaş and Bora Uslusoy on electric guitar teaching methods in our country have done important studies and published them as books or articles. In this article was comparatively investigated the book that is considered to be one of the first written work on electric guitar training methods named as “Rock Guitar and Theory" by Ahmet Seyfi Erkan's in Turkey. The author's studies were examined by taking into account the teaching styles, musical style and teaching levels, which are accepted as important evaluation criteria in the music world. Descriptive method and historical survey method were used as research and analysis methods. The main parameter used in the analysis was the success of the method in leveling up the technique and theory in instrument teaching from beginner to intermediate level. The main parameter used in the analysis was the success of the method in leveling up the technique and theory in instrument teaching from beginner to intermediate level. The results of the analyzes were written in detail and finally, the comparison of the methods was made. As a result of the study, the common contents of the methods, the success of subject stratification and the approach to electric guitar teaching were presented in written and tabulated form.

COLLECIVE GUILT AS A GROUP BASED EMOTION: A REVIEW STUDY

Özlem Serap ÖZKAN,, Serap AKFIRAT — 2024-08-29

The aim of this review study is to deeply examine collective guilt which is a group-based emotion within the scope of the literature. For that purpose, in the present review, firstly, collective guilt was defined by separating it from personal guilt. Also, collective guilt has been compared in terms of content and outcomes with other group-based emotions such as collective shame and collective regret. Then, the positive contributions of this feeling to intergroup relations were explained within the framework of various intergroup conflict examples. In addition, factors that facilitates and prevent the formation of collective guilt, which is defined as aversive emotion, are mentioned. Group identity, as one of the antecedents of collective guilt, has been tried to be examined in detail within the framework of the level of group identification. The relationship between collective guilt and group identification was discussed in the light of the studies in the literature and other variables that affect this relationship were examined through the past study findings. In conclusion, it is thought that there may be other factors besides the level of identification in the relationship between collective guilt and group identification and future studies should focus on these factors.

INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION THAT BRANDS RECEIVE FROM CONSUMERS AS A RESULT OF REAL-TIME MARKETING STUDIES ON TWITTER AND INSTAGRAM

Hülya UGUR, — 2024-08-29

With the digitalization, the demands, needs, demands and expectations of the consumers started to differ day by day. Consumers now expect differences from brands. With this point, brands have started to focus on new marketing communication strategies. Particularly widespread in the world in real-time marketing approach used in Turkey has begun to be used more effectively in recent years. Along with technological innovations, it is very important for real-time marketing studies to interpret the data obtained by analyzing the consumers better in social media and to adopt a communication strategy according to the results. With real-time marketing efforts, the brand has to make a very good marketing study to make decisions about the agenda with instant decisions and studies and to attract attention. As a result of successful real-time marketing efforts, it is seen that positive interactions with the brand are provided. In this study; Real-time marketing studies of Koçtaş, Ikea, Club Okey, Carrefoursa, Ucuzabilet.com and Tekzen brands were examined and the interaction rates of the brands as a result of a single real-time marketing study were analyzed. After the examinations and analyzes made within the scope of the study, the results of the hypotheses put forward were evaluated.

Determination of COVID-19 Fear Levels of Patients Appliing to Emergency Department

Aslı KURTGÖZ,, Sema AVCI — 2024-08-29

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the COVID 19 fear levels of patients applyiing to the emergency department. Methods: The research was conducted between 15.09.2020-15.10.2020 as a cross-sectional. 412 patients who applied to the emergency department of a hospital constituted the sample group of the study. The data were collected by face-to-face interview method using "Personal Data Collection Form" and "Fear of COVID-19 Scale". Results: It was determined that the average score the patients got from the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was 19.72 ± 7.88. There was no statistically significant difference between age group, gender, level of education, income rate, the place of residence and having chronic illness with total scores of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (p <0.05). It was determined that there was a highly significant correlation between the patients' delaying their admission to the emergency department due to anxiety for COVID-19 and experiencing anxiety about the transmission of COVID-19 in the emergency service with the scores of fear of COVID-19 (p <0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the fear of COVID-19 in the patients who applied to the emergency department was moderate. It was determined that patients postponed their applications to the emergency department due to fear of COVID-19.

A CASE STUDY: TAVERN-ACADEMY ARGUMENT IN ISTANBUL MUNICIPALITY CONSERVATORY

Bedirhan BÜYÜKDUMAN,, Nesibe Özgül TURGAY — 2024-08-29

Since the foundation of the Republic, music has always been a debated phenomenon within the cultural conjuncture. The arguments that were conducted over the Turkish style and European style which is called alaturka-alafranga, especially in the early Republican period, changed discursively during the Democratic Party period, but remained essentially the same. In this study, the process called tavern-academy argument which occurred between lore committee and the performing committee at the Istanbul Municipality Conservatory, which served as a protector of education and music in the Republican period; things that happened of the musicians who worked in the Istanbul Municipality Conservatory between 1953-1954 due to their performances in the taverns has been revealed. The argument which has started by the decision that lore committee took and also supported by the Fahrettin Kerim Gökay who is Governor and the Mayor of Istanbul, about the banning the perform of performing committee musicians in the places like tavern has got bigger with the participation of the journalists. When the process of banishment of many musicians got out of control, the supporter and implementer of the decision Gökay has found the solution by repealing of the lore committee with the pressure of the members of DP in City Council. With the involve of City Council, musicians who are banished from conservatory has back to the duty, but important names of the lore committee have resigned as a reaction to the decision. This work as a case study, has been written in order to clarify the tavern-academy argument which is developed within İstanbul Municipality Conservatory and also important in Turkish makam music history; to show the attitude of the Democrat Party which does not have a specific art policy, in various situations and to reveal the decision of starting the Turkish music education as an unexpected result with the light of documents discovered through archive scanning.

A LEADING MASTER IN TURKISH LETTERING ART, EMİN BARIN

Memetşan YILDIZHAN, — 2024-08-29

Emin Barın, who is the creative master of his unique lettering arrangements with Arabic and Latin interpretations, is a pioneering artist who strives throughout his life to bring the traditional Turkish lettering art to a contemporary level. In this article, Emin Barın's identity as an academician artist has been discussed in the context of the original works he has created, and his pioneering attitude is aimed to emphasize his influence on Turkish lettering art. In the introduction, short, preliminary information about the process of the article from its first appearance to the present day has been given. Afterwards, explanations were made about the passion of writing, his education life, his art and works with two alphabets, describing the place of the artist in Turkish lettering art. Barın divided his lettering works into three groups under the titles of divani, kufi and free interpretations. Here, the results he obtained by using the Arabic letters in his interpretations of the divani among his works examined under the same headings in different ways than the old examples are emphasized. Under the title of kufi commentaries, first of all his innovative style in his kufi works he made with Arabic letters was explained, and then information was given about the characteristic features of his kufi style lettering compositions he created with Latin letters. In the title of the artist's free comments in the third group, the fact that the texts in the works can be read clearly even though they are perceived as abstract painting are explained together with the reasons. The works of the artist who graduated from secondary school in the period when Arabic letters were used in the writing of Turkish were mentioned under the heading of the Republic Period, Latin alphabet and Emin Barın; It was explained that he became the first person to gain academic competence in his country with his trainings on this alphabet and his passionate work, and parallel to his national and international achievements in culture, art and academic fields, his pioneering identity in the development of contemporary Turkish lettering art was emphasized.

TULPAR IN ETRUSCANS

Osman Oktay BARKIN,, Mehmet ÖZKARTAL — 2024-08-29

In the Turks, the horse was always used as a riding animal, not a pack animal. The Turks valued their horses a lot. The horses were noble, fast, fearless, and communicated with their owner. Tulpar is these fast, agile, and brave horses of the Turks turned into a mythological figure with their magnificent expressions. Although the figure is thought to be based on Greek Mythology, research has revealed that this result is different. The Greek historian Herodotus first mentioned the Etruscans and claimed that this community migrated from Anatolia to Italy. But this thesis has not been taken too seriously. Because the idea that the Etruscans could not cross the sea between Anatolia and Italy and could not reach here became more dominant. But especially in Italy, research on Etruscans was encouraged and Etruscan Research Centers were established. Until recently, the ethnic identity of this civilization has always been discussed. However, the fact that the pictures and symbols used in Etruscan art are similar to Turkish art, the language they use is different from the surrounding area languages, that this language is an agglutinative language, their graves look like Turkish Kurgans and many similarities, it's to a large extent to considered have increased the idea that this society is a Proto-Turk society. In addition, researches have revealed that the Etruscans, which Italians accept as their ancestors are an Anatolian Civilization known as "Pre-Turks" in history.

THE ANALYSIS OF CHEATING BEHAVIOURS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ACCORDING TO THE STUDENTS’ VIEWS

Esra EMİNOĞLU ÖZMERCAN,, Akif Hüseyin ÖZMERCAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the high school students' views on the basis of cheating behaviour during the exam. The research is on the survey model. Data is collected a total of 79 volunteer students from public school who continue their education in Turkey in the Marmara region in the 2014-2015 academic year. Structured interview form is used in this study. The acquired data is presented in a digitized way. As a result, the cheating is defined as the art of helping each other by students. In this study these findings are determined: nearly all of the students cheat in exams, 18.99% of students said that they firstly cheated in the 7th grade and at the age of 12 and 13, they used the cheating method which involved the writing to the desk, wall, cardboard, blackboard, eraser, paper, window, handkerchief and pencil box. They stated that they cheated because of getting high marks and they did not want to get low marks. They have different ethic views. On the one hand, high school students stated that cheating was a wrong, dishonest, inconvenient behaviour and also immoral, however it was determined that cheating was a good thing because they helped each other.

EVALUATION OF CALLING AND JOB SATISFACTION OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES

Mehmet KASAP,, Ahmet BÜYÜKŞALVARCI — 2024-08-29

This research, designed to evaluate the calling and job satisfaction of hotel employees, was conducted with 364 hotel employees in Antalya. “Calling and Vocation Questionnaire” and “Job Satisfaction Scale” were used to collect the data. In the study, it was determined that the presence of calling, search for calling and total calling of the hotel employess were above the medium level, while job satisfaction score was found to be medium. It was determined that as the calling of the employees increased, their job satisfaction increased. In addition, it has been determined that variables such as monthly income and department of employees affect “calling” and “job satisfaction”. It was concluded that interventions aimed at increasing calling and job satisfaction for the hotel employees, determining the factors affecting calling and job satisfaction and developing solution suggestions.

TAX LOAD OF KILIGAD DISTRICT ACCORDING TO 1844-1845 OTTOMAN ARCHIVE RECORDS

Sezgin ZABUN, — 2024-08-29

ABSTRACT Temettuat registers between 1844-1845, it is an important document recorded within the framework of the practices following the Tanzimat Edict. It is the official document. There is no neglected and exempted household in the records. Rich-poor, Muslim-non-Muslim, every household is logged. In the Temettuat registers, everything that caused the income was recorded together with the amount of the income. Agricultural fields, hamlet or illegitimate, cattle and sheep, cargo and passenger animals were recorded. Occupations and income amount recorded. Taxes levied, registered to understand which economic activity originates from. Kilmigad district, it is one of the districts without legal personality in today's administrative structure. The vast majority of villages subject to district, today it is connected to Yıldızeli district. A few of them are connected to Artova and Yeşilyurt districts. To give information about the economic situation of the district with this study and I wanted to lay the groundwork for new studies.

EUROPEAN UNION and ILLEGAL MIGRATION

Uğur Selçuk ASLAN,, Neslihan ASLAN — 2024-08-29

The phenomenon of immigration, which has a deep-rooted past as human history, continues to increase day by day with the increase of globalization. With the phenomenon of immigration, illegal immigration is increasing along with legal immigration and this situation affects more and more countries every day. Since the phenomenon of migration has wide influences in the political, social, economic and cultural areas of states, it is an issue that needs to be handled in a multi-dimensional way. One of the utmost significant problems faced by the European Union, which was established to realize general economic policies after The World War II and moved towards a political formation in the face of developing conditions, is the illegal immigration to the European Union. The underlying reasons for the illegal immigration problem faced by the European Union are undoubtedly the economic comfort and safe environment Europe is in. For its geographical location as a transit country, Turkey is a significant door where the immigration way extend to EU. In order to prevent illegal immigration, the European Union should strengthen its gates on the illegal migration route and determine its policies accordingly. In this study, the historical process of migration with the European Union will be discussed. Besides that, the legal legislation of the EU on immigration and the reasons for migration to the EU and the migration routes will be mentioned and the underlying reasons will be tried to be understood.

STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN BORSA ISTANBUL ACCORDING TO TOPSIS AND VICOR METHODS

ALİ DOĞU, — 2024-08-29

The insurance industry has become a more important sector day by day considering the value it brings to the country's economy and its share among financial companies in terms of contributing to the development of economic growth due to the creation of long-term funds. In this study, five insurance companies traded in Borsa Istanbul were examined. . Topsis and Vicor methods, one of the most preferred methods of multi-criteria decision making methods, have been used recently. As the data set, the data of the end of 2019 of 5 companies listed on the BIST were used. When the analysis results are examined, it is found that the best and the worst insurance companies are roughly the same in terms of financial performance in both methods.

THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL INTERACTION ON POLITICAL APPLICATION EFFICIENCY AND GOVERNANCE: CASE OF TURKEY (2007-2020)

Burak ATAMTÜRK,; Caner ÖZDURAK , Nil Sirel ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

Political stability is mainly composed of two items such as Institutional Interaction and Political Application Efficiency and Governance. The institutional relationship title includes the relationships between the government in power-higher judicial, government-president, government-military bureaucracy, government-civil bureaucracy, independent economical institutions-international institutions. Highly layered issues such as governance (accountability-transparency-consistency) and impact analysis (the concept of political issues-designing-clarifying the context, identifying, and including the counterparts, clarifying the cause-and-effect relationship, aligning with the targets, providing measurable process and precautions, assessing the impact of solution process etc.) will be filtered and analyzed through Political Application Efficiency and Governance title. The relationship between two important subtitles of political stability is discussed by institutional economists who connects them with economic development and economic stability. Our main goal is to analyze the relationship between these two subtitles. In the study, The Institutional Interaction Index, Political Application Efficiency and Governance Index daily data is provided by S. Bilişim. The main goal our study is to understand the short- and long-term relationship between Institutional Interaction Index and Political Application Efficiency and Governance Index. In this context daily adjusted data for 1 January 2007 and 30 March 2020 applied to the models. The relationship between variables will be tested via Granger Causality, VAR models and Impulse-Response analysis.

THE EFFECT OF AGE FACTOR ON TAX AWARENESS AND TAX ETHICS

Esra GÜR, — 2024-08-29

It has become more difficult to collect taxes, which are the most important source of income for the state, in full and in thorough. This situation necessitated the general determination of the perception, attitude and behavior process individuals develop against tax. Nowadaysespecially in order to prevent the situationscausing the decrease in tax revenuessuch as tax evasion, tax avoidance and the informaleconomy is important to develop tax awareness and tax ethics in taxpayers. It is a factthat an advancedsociety with tax consciousness and tax ethics willhave a lowtendency to evadetaxes. In thisstudy, Determining the belief of the tax on the necessity of the tax especially for the youngpeople in the age of growingupwillprovide the opportunity to develop and takemeasures to new tax policies. In thisstudy, 6.021 highschoolstudentswhowerestudying in Bingolcitycenterbetween the ages of 14 and 19, weresurveyed in 2017-2018 academicyear, the students' tax awareness and tax ethics levelsweretried to be measured and the findingsobtained as a result of the analysiswereinterpreted. The results of the researchwereevaluated and the suggestionsweredeveloped and the studywascompleted. The results of the researchwereevaluated and the suggestionsweredeveloped and the studywascompleted.