SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2020 Issue 75

ARE HUMAN NEEDS CHANGING? A THEORETICAL EVALUATION FROM MASLOW HYARARCHY OF NEEDS TO COVID-19 HYARARCHY OF NEEDS

Tolga ULUSOY,, Funda CİVEK — 2024-08-29

There are various demands and requirements for a person who is a social being to continue his existence. These demands and requirements are classified by Maslow and there is a situation where the requirement in one category will not be passed to the other stage without being adequately met. Maslow divided needs into physical needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, value needs, and self-realization needs in order of importance. According to Maslow, each step is a step to switch to the other step. Along with Covid 19 (coronavirus), an epidemic of our time, pramidi has expanded and changes have occurred during priority. In our age when digitalization is gaining momentum, Covid 19 has become almost the limb of the pandemic. Covid 19 virus is an epidemic disease that has caused many sectors to crisis, forced social life to take restrictive measures and caused a pandemic around the world. Maslow's hierarchies, on the other hand, are a theory that sorts the needs of people needed to survive, starting from the foundation. This research aimed to show us with comparative examples how this epidemic affects our needs, how it will cause changes.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS ON THE INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES TRADED ON THE ISTANBUL STOCK EXCHANGE (BIST): A BAYER-HANCK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS

Betül GÜR,, — 2024-08-29

In Turkey, great importance has been attached to industrialization since the proclamation of the Republic, and the industrial sector has been considered as the key to development. The driving force of the Turkish economy is composed of the largest 500 companies and the following 500 largest companies. Traded on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST)-Industrial Index, and predominant in number, these companies meet a large part of the domestic demand while also realizing a significant proportion of Turkey's exports. Besides, their shares in industrial employment are quite large. For such reasons, the experiences of these firms regarding the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic process and the ways they are affected have a considerable bearing on the Turkish economy. Therefore, revealing the ways these large-scale companies are affected by different structural changes has importance from the viewpoint of policymakers. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the number of COVID-19 cases on the BIST Industrial Index based on the daily data of the period 16.03.2020-30.06.2020, through the Bayer-Hanck (2013) cointegration analysis for long-term and an error correction model for short-term relationships. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the number of COVID-19 cases had a 3.4% reduction effect on the BIST Industrial Index in the long term and a 4.8% reduction effect for the short term.

EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SHIPS PASSING THROUGH TURKISH STRAITS

Devran YAZIR, — 2024-08-29

Air pollution is the concentration and amount of foreign matter in the atmosphere that will negatively affect the health of living things and harm them. Exhaust gases emitted from the funnel of vessels, one of the causes of air pollution, contain pollutants (emissions) such as NOx, SOx, CO2, CO, PM and VOC. These pollutants cause adverse effects on the human and environment due to acid rain, ozone depletion and health problems. Turkish Straits Region: is a waterway that integrates in the Dardanelles the Marmara Sea and the Bosporus and is open to international sea traffic. In order to calculate the exhaust gas emissions from vessels passing the Turkish Straits, average fuel consumption, the machine types, passing times of the vessels were taken into consideration and the annual exhaust emissions generated by these vessels were determined. The values obtained were compared with previous studies and the change in emission amounts was calculated. The values obtained in this study revealed that ships passing through the Turkish Straits cause a significant amount of air pollution

FIRE AT THE HEART OF MONARCHY: THE MANTUAN CRISIS AS AN INTERNATIONAL CRISIS (1627-1631)

Mehmet Talha KALKAN, — 2024-08-29

The Spaniards, who did not have an integrity in their lands and had a dispersed political structure, could keep their monarchies alive, they were dependent on preserving the "Spanish Road" to connect their existing lands. Therefore, it has become one of the primary policies of the monarchy to secure the route of this road, which connects geographies such as Low Countries, Milan, Sicily, Naples, Spain, Alsace-Loren and Franche-Comté and unifies that dispersed structure. Especially, Spaniards were able to extend a single corridor from Barcelona to Brussels in order to distribute soldiers, money and other necessary items from this road, which gained vital importance with the Low Countries Revolt in the middle of the 16th century. However, in 1627 the death of the ruler of the Duchy of Mantua & Montferrat named Vincenzo di Gonzaga II put the Spaniards who were aiming to secure the "Spanish Road" in a difficult situation. The Spaniards, who tried to bind this duchy to themselves in order to ensure the security of the "Spanish Road", could not succeed in this issue and by that unsuccessful step some states such as France, Savoy, Venice and the Holy Roman Empire were able to intervene in this region. Naturally, the existence of other states in Northern Italy caused the Spaniards to lose their power and control in the region. This failure of the Spanish monarchy did not only lead the Spaniards to lose control of Northern Italy; but also it got the entire monarchy out of control. In other words, this fire in the heart of the monarchy created the breaking point called El Gran Viraje on behalf of the Spaniards.

TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF Z-GENERATION UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIA PROCESS

Necla TEKTAŞ,; Nuray ÖZ CEVİZ ; Gültekin BASMACI , Mehmet TEKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

While time management is defined as the self-management of the individual, especially in the Covid-19 process we live in, this management is difficult and there are too many distractors around individuals prevent them. The people who are most affected by this situation are the individuals of the generation z who came to the world in the digital age. In this study, it was aimed to determine the time management skills of university students with generation z. The data of this study, which was designed in the screening model, was collected by applying an online questionnaire between 1-31 August 2020. The population of the study is composed of Z-generation university students and 617 university students whose sampling was reached using the convenience sampling method. ime Management Skills scale was used to collect data. Frequency analysis and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. No significant relationship was found between the gender of generation Z university students and the planning dimension of the time management skills scale.

THE OFFENSIVE RISE OF HOMO RIDENS IN THE NEW MEDIA: OFFENSIVE HUMOR AND OTHERIZING REPRESENTATIONS

Burcu KAYA ERDEM, — 2024-08-29

The academic world has been thinking about the nature and importance of humor and laughter for more than two thousand years, and has led to numerous views on the subject. Different approaches on this issue are complementary views to explain the phenomenon of humor. Offensive humor, on the other hand, is a type of humor that opposes common social acceptances and any understanding that can be considered as taboo in the society and has no limits in terms of humorous expression. For this reason, media contents containing offensive humor also appear as contents that enable the reproduction and consumption of all kinds of discrimination, prejudice and stereotype in the society. Media products with offensive content have the potential to appear before users at any time, as new media accelerate content production and circulation. In this context, it is important to discuss the offensive humor sharing in the new media on the axis of media and othering practices, that is, to discuss which types of marginalization and representations of media content bearing offensive expressions contain. For this reason, in the study, in order to discuss offensive content in new media in the context of marginalization practices, the shares of an account that only shares offensive humor content in Turkish on Twitter were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. At the end of the study, the types of marginalizing representation contained in media products with offensive humor were categorized.

THE EFFECT OF MIND GAMES THAT PRESCHOOL CHILDREN PLAY ON THEIR PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITIES

Kadir GÜNGÖR,, Belma TUĞRUL — 2024-08-29

This research aims to examine the impact of mind and intelligence games which is played by children during the pre-school period. The research contains 60-72 months old 29 children who are in public kindergartens locate in Kağıthane and Küçükçekmece in İstanbul. In this research by using quantitative and qualitative methods, a mixed-method has been applied. Problem-solving skills scale for children which is developed by Oğuz and Köksal Akyol (2012) to collect quantitative data in this research. To collect qualitative data of the children who are in the test group semi-structured interview form which is developed by the researcher has been used. In this research test group consists of 15 children and the control group consists of 14 children. 100 hours of mind and intelligence games has been applied by the researcher to the children in the test group for 20 weeks. Ministry of national education’s curriculum has continued to apply to the children in the control group. According to research findings; when problem-solving skill scale points of the children in the test group and problem-solving skill scale points of the children in the control group are compared differentiation which is in the advantage of the test group is observed. The opinion of the children in the test group has been qualitatively analyzed. At the end of the research, it was concluded that mind and intelligence games are a method that can be used in children's problem-solving.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL LABOR AND LIFE SATISFACTION

Ayşe YAVUZ, — 2024-08-29

With the major changes in the service sector, the importance of customer satisfaction is increasing. Therefore, more responsibility is placed on service sector employees. In service delivery, organizations want their employees to act in accordance with customer expectations within the rules they have set themselves. At this point, one of the most important phenomena that arises at this point is emotional labor. Emotional labor is the situation where emotions determined by organizations are exhibited by employees. One of the basic elements that individuals must have in order to be successful and happy in both their work and daily lives is life satisfaction. Life satisfaction is a concept related to the entire life of an individual and is not just satisfaction in one area, but satisfaction with the whole life. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between emotional labor and life satisfaction. The research was conducted on hospital employees who have very long and intensive working conditions. Questionnaire technique was used to collect data in the study. The data were gathered from hospital employees in Ankara province. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS program. As a result of the analysis, it has been revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional labor and life satisfaction.

THE EFFECT OF CUSTOMERS’ INVOLVEMENT AND VALUE CO-CREATION IN NEW SERVICE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A RESEARCH ON BURSA CITY RESIDENTS

Süleyman Burak ERDOĞAN,, Erkan ÖZDEMİR — 2024-08-29

In case municipalities let citizens (as customers) participate in work for new services to co-create value, it will increase their ability to understand the requests and needs of citizens better and better respond to the changed requests. However, it may not be possible to let citizens (as customers) participate in all stages of new service development due to lack of time, sources and reluctance of the citizens to participate. The purpose of this study is to contribute to utilize of the scarce resources such as time and cost to the municipalities by revealing, from the perspective of the citizens (as customers), which dimensions in the new service development process directly affect the satisfaction of the citizens(as customers). The research was conducted between 20 May 2019 - 10 July 2019. The convenience sampling method was used in this study. The research model was tested with structural equation modeling by using Smart PLS. As a result of the research, it was found that citizen (as customer) involvement in strategic planning, idea generation and commercialization dimensions has a significant positive effect on citizens’ (as a customer) satisfaction, while involvement in idea screening, service/process system design, business analyse, pilot run, test marketing, personnel training and cross-functional team formation dimensions do not effect their satisfaction. Because of that results it is offered to the managers of municipalities which aim to ensure citizen satisfaction in the new services they offer should co-create value by involving citizens in the process of developing these services.

THE EFFECT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 4 RESEARCH BASED ACTIVITIES ON STUDENTS 'CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS, SELF-EFFICIENCY AND SCIENCE ATTITUDES

Meltem DURAN,; Ümit Can KÜÇÜKAYDIN , Hamide KÖSE — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of activities developed according to inquiry-based learning approach, students' critical thinking skills, attitudes towards science course and self-efficacy in primary school 4th grade science course. The study group of the study consisted of 37 students in the fourth semester of 2017-2018 academic year, a fourth-class branch study (n = 19) and a fourth-class branch control (n = 18) group. In this research, experimental method which is one of the quantitative research methods was used. Pre-test and post-test experimental design of the study. Critical thinking skills scale (EDL) scale prepared by Demir (2006), attitude scale towards Science course developed by Akınoğlu (2001) and self-efficacy scale for science and technology course developed by Hızlıok (2012) were used as data collection tools. When the results of self-efficacy and attitude towards critical thinking, science and technology course were examined, a statistically significant difference was not observed between the self-efficacy of the experimental group and the self-efficacy of the control group.

THE VALİDİTY AND RELİABİLİTY OF THE TURKİSH VERSİON OF THE "NURSE STRESSOR-15 SCALE (SNS-15)” FOR GERIATRİC NURSİNG STUDENTS

Hatice DEMİRAĞ,; Esin SEVGİ DOĞAN , Sevilay HİNTİSTAN — 2024-08-29

Aim: Having knowledge about the stress experienced by student nurses in their clinical experience, especially in providing care to elderly patients, and measuring their stress levels will provide many benefits. However, there is no 'student nurse stressor scale' specific to geriatric nursing students in our country. Purpose of the study was to test reliability and validity The Student Nurse Stressor-15 Scale and to adapt to Turkish Language. Methods: This methodological study included 204 nursing students who educated fourth class of two universities. Data were collected with a Sociodemographic Form and Turkish version of The Student Nurse Stressor-15 Scale. Experts’ opinions and pretest were obtained for content validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was performed for construct validity. Cronbach’s alfa internal consistency coefficient and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated for reliability. Results: Model fit indexes of the scale were found as x2 / df ratio: 2,116, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA): 0,076, the Adjusted Good¬ness of Fit Index (AGFI): 0, 861, Incremental Fit Index (IFI): 0,909, Parsinomy Googness of Fit Index (PGFI):0,620. The Cronbach alfa coefficient was 0,86 for the whole scale. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that Turkish version of The Student Nurse Stressor-15 Scale could be used as valid and reliable instrument in the future studies.

Effect of Career Planning on Success

Merve Gül KOÇAKOĞLU,, Süleyman Barbaros YALÇIN — 2024-08-29

The development of technology causes significant changes in the occupational fields that are needed and the requirements, nature, and structure of the professions. Some professions are being forgotten because they are no longer needed, some evolve to survive or new occupational groups are formed. Making a career choice by following these changes and developments in professions can become quite difficult and complicated. At this point, people should make the right career plan and use the right resources when choosing their career that shapes their lives. Career planning is very important in terms of gaining the ability to control people's future with the knowledge they have acquired. Especially in today's world of work, people can quit their profession after choosing a profession and start looking for a new profession. Therefore, individual's career life can be in a state of constant change. Thus, career planning is not a specific period, but a dynamic process that continues until the end of human life. Being able to manage this process in a healthy way has some positive consequences in human life Success is one of these results. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of an individual's career plan on success through the relevant literature. According to the research results made in Turkey and foreign countries, it has been found that making a career plan increases the productivity, occupation, and life satisfaction of the individual in working life. At the same time, career planning not only increases job performance but also ensures that people enjoy working and become successful in the workplace.

AN EVALUATİON OF THE QUESTİONS OF UNİVERSİTY ENTRANCE EXAM FOR THE HİGH SCHOOL COURSE OF LOGİC BETWEEN THE YEARS 2009 – 2010

Ekrem Ziya DUMAN,, Aylin ARSLAN — 2024-08-29

The needs of human being have varied in time and change has also brought development with it. Developing and changing social order has affected the education system as well. In this way, the changes in education system have been changed in line with the needs of individual and community and started to be applied. In first place of these issues comes the changes in the testing system, since the changes in testing system have led to important differences both in the distribution of questions and in the subjects. The questions of the course of logic comprising the subject of the study have had changes in terms of both numbers and distribution of subjects. The purpose of the current study is to determine the aforementioned changes by investigating the questions of high school course of logic asked between the years 2009 – 2010. At the same time, determining in terms of which acquisitions the questions, which were prepared as acquisition oriented, were, making analyses, showing the distributions of these analyses and discussing the positive and negative sides of this distribution are also other purposes of the current study. In order to examine the questions of high school course of logic asked in the exams of Student Selection and Placement Centre (OSYM) and to analyse them, document analysis method, one of qualitative research methods, was used. Depending on the results obtained through document analysis method, it was found that the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 (8.6%) were the years with the lowest percentage assigned for the course of logic at OSYM questions between the years 2009 and 2020, the fewest questions were asked in the unit of logic and language (1.4%) and the most ones were in the unit of symbolic logic (46.8%). In addition, it was found that some questions related to more than one acquisition because of the bases and contents of them, so caused mistakes. Therefore, as a result of the analyses and evaluations, it is thought that the current study will guide students who will enter higher education exam in their preparations by showing the distributions of the dimensions having units, acquisitions and question patterns of the logic questions taking place in the exam, and also it will make a contribution to the preparation of the exam questions.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Nuray KARAMAN, — 2024-08-29

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe and made visible current inequalities and injustices among international students. Sustaining the internationalization of higher education and international student mobility has become a challenge during this transitional period due to the challenges caused by COVID-19. Using data from 30 international college students in Turkey, this study argue that due to their language barriers, legal status, and national identities, these students are stereotyped as vectors of the disease and also face social, psychological, educational and financial problems during the pandemic. Understanding the experiences of international college students, and the set of challenges that students face in pursuing their studies in Turkey, may allow us to focus on avenues to mitigate these problems to make international student mobility more sustainable and resilient in the future. By taking into account the experiences of international students, we can reshape economic, educational, and social policies for a more just system of internationalization of higher education.

TEACHERS’ OPINIONS ABOUT DISTENCE EDUCATION

Seda ARSLAN,, Mehmet DEMİRÖZ — 2024-08-29

This study was carried out to get the opinions of the primary school teachers about the distance education performed due to COVID-19. In this study, quantitave method was used to get the detailed views of the teachers. The study group consists of eight teachers working in private school in the city centre of Amasya and eight teachers working in public school in the Malazgirt district of Muş. A structured interview form consisting six open ended questions was developed and used. The obtained datawere analyzed through content analysis. Codes and themes were created and presented in the findings section. As a result of the study, it was seen that technological equipment and parents’ support were not found sufficient to maintain the distance education by public school teachers whereas they were considered sufficient by private school teachers.

THE MEDİATİNG ROLE OF ORGANİZATİONAL JUSTİCE İN THE RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN PERSONALİTY TRAİTS AND ORGANİZATİONAL COMMİTMENT

Hakan GÜRSOY, — 2024-08-29

In this article, a research has been made based on the proposition, that organizational Justice can have an intermediary role in the relationship between personality traits and organizational commitment. It has been evaluated that the results of the research can be beneficial for the measures and measures that can be taken by the institutions in increasing the organizational commitment of the employees. Teachers working in Anatolian high schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education were selected as the universe of study. While examining the role of organizational justice in the relationship between personality traits and organizational commitment, organizational commitment dependent variable; emotional, continuance and normative commitment were evaluated separately in three dimensions. A questionnaire consisting of expressions suitable for the Likert scale was conducted with the teachers. The questionnaires of 368 teachers who meets the conditions were evaluated and analyzed with SPSS, the Analysis Program for Social Sciences. As a result of the research, between the independent variable personality traits and the dependent variable organizational commitment, it has been proven in all three dimensions of organizational commitment, where organizational justice has an intermediary role. In other words, granting teachers rights fair and fair rewards, appreciation, promotion, etc., for their contribution to their schools, it has been that he has a positive contribution a communication between administrators and teachers within the framework of respect, honesty and courtesy and as a result, it was found that organizational commitment among teachers is in an increasing trend.

IN EMERGING MARKETS EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON CO2 EMISSION: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Hüseyin ÇELİK, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study to investigate impact of economic growth and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emission. Scopus of study is emerging economies and period of 1990-2016. As method were used cross-section dependency test, homogeneous test and AMG estimator. As result that obtained a %1 increase in economic growth and foreign direct investment, rise carbon dioxide emission 0.1462 and 0.0032, respectively.

CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PATH ANALYISIS OF STRUC-TURAL EQUATION MODEL APPROACH IN TURKEY

Fatih MANGIR,; Burcu GUVENEK , Abdul Qahar KHATIR — 2024-08-29

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye için 10 yıllık dönemde tüketim harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi yapısal eşitlik yönteminin yol analizi ile incelemektir. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu veri tabanından elde edilen turizm, hükümet ve hane halkı tüketim verileri ile bu makale, bu değişkenlerin Türkiye'deki ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki doğrudan etkilerini tahmin etmek için yol analizini kullanarak nedensel modeli geliştirmektedir. Bu araştırmanın bulguları, değişkenler arasında pozitif korelasyonlar olduğunu göstermektedir. Turizm, hükümet ve özel tüketimlerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki katsayıları anlamlıdır (korelasyon katsayıları sırasıyla r = 0,07, 0,23 ve 0,72). Hane halkı tüketiminin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin özel ve turizm hükümeti harcamalarına göre daha yüksek ve önemli olduğuna dair net bulgular elde edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, Türkiye’nin mali planı; sosyal güvenlik politikasını yeniden tasarlayarak, tüketici kredisini artırarak, vergi oranını düşürerek vb. eğitim, sağlık, tarım, enerji, teknoloji ve devlet ihtiyaçları gibi üretken alanlara yapılan harcamalara yönlendirilmelidir.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLASSROOM TEACHERS' FEELINGS TOWARD THE CLASSES WHILE THEY'RE TEACHING AND LEARNING, AND THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHING EFFICIENCY

Murat EKİN,, , Gülay BEDİR — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between classroom teachers' perceptions of learning and teaching, and the perception of teaching efficacy. The sample of the research consists of 351 classroom teachers who are working in Dulkadiroğlu, Onikişubat, Elbistan, Göksun, Afşin and Andırın districts of Kahramanmaras province. The research was carried out by using the relational screening model in the descriptive model of quantitative research methods. In order to collect the study data, "The Teaching Effectiveness Perception Scale" was used to determine the teaching efficacy perceptions of classroom teachers, "Emotion Measurement Tools" were used for the emotions felt by the teachers towards the classes. The classroom teachers stated that they experienced more positive emotions compared to the negative feelings about the learning and teaching the lessons. The most frequent positive emotions towards the learning and teaching of the lessons are pleasure, satisfaction and desire. The survey found that there is a strong correlation between the feelings that classroom teachers felt while learning lessons during their own school years and the feelings they felt while teaching these lessons.

SAMPLES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TURKISH COURSE ACTIVITY SUITABLE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES OF GIFTED

Hatice KADIOĞLU ATEŞ,; Kadriye GÜRDAĞ , Merve Gül MAZI — 2024-08-29

Gifted students as individuals in Turkey mainstreaming in schools or in private schools the ability status (Science high schools, sports high schools, Anatolian fine arts high schools, social sciences high school) are continuing their education. In addition, there are BİLSEMs outside of school. A classroom teacher with a mainstreaming student in his class has to prepare and apply an individualized education plan for that student with special education needs. Otherwise, it does not fulfill the legal obligation and is considered to be committing a crime. When the undergraduate program of primary school teaching is examined, it is seen that the courses related to special talents are unfortunately insufficient. The aim of the study is to present individualized, original activity examples for specially gifted children that can be used in primary school Turkish lessons. For this purpose, the study was created by preparing three unique activity examples, which are made for gifted and talented individuals, and include individual differences that can be used in Turkish education and teaching. "Document analysis", one of the qualitative research techniques, was used as a data collection tool in the study. In this process, the relevant documents were tried to be reached in line with the purpose of the research, and the obtained data were analyzed, summarized and interpreted within a plan according to the predetermined themes.

THE EFFECT OF CONSUMERS' FACEBOOK LIKES ON BRAND SELF CONGRUITY: A RESEARCH ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS

Mehmet CANLI, — 2024-08-29

In a world where competition is increasing day by day, consumers are left alone with the aggressive marketing communication stimuli of businesses. Within these difficulties, consumers are in an effort to be different from other consumers in the newly formed and virtual social environment and not to lose their place in this system. Such an effort and search may be the reason why consumers take on some social self roles at some moments. A brand liking made on Facebook affects another consumer, which increases the brand's market share and sales. The "Like" functionality for brands allows consumers to share pages on websites of brands that they like, on their Facebook profiles, and by clicking the "Like" option, the consumer can choose to receive updates from the brand that will appear in their news feed. This study, by Wallace, Buil and Chernatony which was published in 2017, "Consumers’ Self-Congruence with a ‘Liked’ Brand" of the study which was published from is re-tested version in Turkey sample. Basically, in the study, the consumers' self-congruence with a “liked” brand on Facebook is investigated. Participants in this study are those who have bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees. Although consumers may like many things (events, etc.) on Facebook, this study focused on consumers' brand likes. In this context, this study tries to address the managerial and academic understanding, effects and outputs of the "Likes" of brands on Facebook. Specifically, it investigates, first, whether consumers' cognitive networks, that is, their perceptions of Facebook social network structure, and secondly, whether their self-alignment with a "Liked" brand positively affects offline brand results. In this study, the statistical relationships between brand-self congruence of participants using Facebook social media tool and brand liking criteria consisting of brand love, brand loyalty and word of mouth were analyzed. The survey method was used to collect the research data. Within the scope of the research, electronic data was obtained from 370 Facebook users who actively "liked" brands on Facebook. With the survey, participants were asked to think about a brand they "like" on Facebook and answer questions about this brand. According to the results of the research, it shows that the perceived self- congruence with a "liked" brand increases with the power of social tie. The higher the perceived self congruence with a “liked” brand, the higher the brand love and word of mouth (WOM).

THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE LONELINESS ON SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: FIELD WORK IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

Eda ÖZAY,, Ö. Okan FETTAHLIOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The concepts of loneliness and subjective well-being, which play an important role in the lives of individuals from past to present, emerge by evaluating the lives of individuals as positive or negative. These emotional states that individuals experience directly affect their motivation and efficiency. The aim of this study reveals the effect of the feelings of workplace loneliness of employees in industrial enterprises in Kahramanmaraş on their subjective well-being. Accordingly, an online questionnaire was applied to 310 employees working in the enterprises. In the research, Loneliness and Subjective Well-Being scales were used in business life. In data analysis; descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation and regression statistics were used. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there is a negative relationship between loneliness and subjective well-being, and loneliness negatively affects subjective well-being by 27%.