SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2020 Issue 73

CONTENT ASSESSMENT OF THE GRADUATE THESIS ABOUT ORAL AND DENTAL HEALTH IN TURKEY

Ayşegül DOĞAN EREN,, Aynur KARAKAYA — 2024-08-29

This study aims to examine the graduate thesis made in the field of oral and dental health. For this aim, thesis are classified according to the years, publication languages, type of thesis, data collection methods, universities, institutes, departments, title of the thesis advisors, topics, research methods and sample groups . With "oral and dental health, oral-dental health care" keywords from the thesis database of Higher Education Council were screened and 55 thesis were achieved. %91 of the thesis are master thesis, all of them were written in Turkish, %45 of thesis advisors are Proffessors. More than half of the thesis are done in departments of “Business”, “Business Management” and “Health Management”. Beykent University, Gazi University and Cumhuriyet University are the universities; İstanbul(%45), Ankara(%27) and Sivas(%13) are the cities; İç Anadolu(%47.23) and Marmara(%47.23) are the regions where most of the thesis are done. Frequently used topics are found as “quality” and “organizational behaviour”. The documents achieved from health institutions are the most used samples. Surveys are found to be the most used data collection method. In most of the thesis, quantitative research method is used. It is believed that this research provide guidance to researchers to determine future topics of the thesis in the field of oral and dental health care.

The Impact of Foreign Trade on Development (1980-2018): Case Study of Turkey

Berk PALANDÖKENLİER,; Özge ARPACIOĞLU ÖZDEMİR , Emre GEDİKOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of trade openness on growth and development in Turkey for the period 1980-2018. In the study, the effects of trade openness variable, GDP per capita, and the effects of foreign direct investments on the human development index, which are the determinants of the economic development variable, were investigated using analysis techniques based on the VAR model. The relationships between the variables used in the analysis and the determination of the interaction direction between the variables were tried to be revealed by Granger causality, effect-response and variance decomposition analysis methods. The findings obtained as a result of the analyzes show that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the human development index and trade openness variables, bidirectional between the trade openness variable and the GDP per capita variable, and bidirectional causality between the GDP per capita and foreign direct investment variables. In this context, when the results of the effect-response and variance decomposition analysis regarding the consistency of these results obtained with the Granger causality test are evaluated, findings supporting the causal relationship between the variables have been reached. The study also explains the fluctuations in the index of human development variables for Turkey in the period in which the subject has been identified as the most important variable in the analysis of changes in trade openness variable.

RELATIONSHIP OF ELDERLY PEOPLE TO SOCIAL LIFE

Yılmaz YERLİ,; Vahdet ÖZKOÇAK , Fırat KOÇ — 2024-08-29

The subject of Physical Anthropology, which is the sub-branch of Anthropology Science that deals with human in all aspects, is the phenomenon of elderly people. It is stated that the estimated age range of the first human-like Homo Habilis, the remains of which were discovered as a result of anthropological studies and thought to have lived 2.5 million years ago, is limited to 18-20 years. From that date until the 20th century, life conditions have changed and the life span of people has increased accordingly. Today, 65 years of age is accepted as the beginning of elderly people in every country. Looking at the population distribution of the world, it is observed that the life span increases. Although this increase is seen as a positive situation in developed countries, it can be said that it causes people to face various problems in terms of employment, education, health and access to social services. In other words, while the increase in the young population creates education and employment problems; the elderly population has turned into important socio-political and economic problems, especially care and health services. Although our country is shown in the younger population today, it is expected that our elderly population will approach the level of developed countries in a short time. According to TSI data, Turkey in 2050 was 16 million would be in the direction of senior citizens. This is an indicator of the need for more resources allocated to elderly care in the future. Aging is considered as an important issue in the world. Globally-related aging problems have also enabled countries to face their social infrastructure. People's life span has increased with successful studies in the field of health in developed countries. In the light of technological advances, the faster and more accurate approaches to the diagnosis and treatment stages of diseases can be shown among the factors that provide this. In countries with a low level of welfare, the elderly have shorter life span due to the reasons they have had to work in harsh jobs for many years and lack of nutritional and health conditions.

RURAL SETTLEMENT PROPERTIES AND CONSERVATION PROBLEMS OF NOHUTALAN NEIGHBORHOOD (VILLAGE) IN IZMIR, URLA

Tuba Nur OLĞUN,, Neriman YÖRÜR — 2024-08-29

In the formation and development of rural settlements and architecture; many factors such as population structure and characteristics, ethnic identity of the population, natural materials in the region where the settlement is located, climate, vegetation, agricultural livelihoods, characteristics of the plants or animals grown can be effective. Over time, with the change of some of these factors and the way of life of individuals living in these settlements, transformations occur in settlement textures. Sometimes migration movements due to various reasons, exchange etc. for reasons, it seems that the users of the settlement have completely changed. Despite all these developments, together with rural settlements in which local texture and identity are rapidly transforming; there are also rural settlements that have not yet lost their identity, but are in the process of transformation. The aim of the study; to examine and document these changes in traditional rural settlements that have entered the process of transformation by making on-site observations and spatial analyzes; in the light of the analyzes and examinations made, it is to develop conservation suggestions in order to protect the settlement, agricultural land, crop pattern and ensure the continuity of the population living with agriculture. Nohutalan rural settlement in Urla District of İzmir, where traditional agricultural products are grown, which have traditional qualities in the settlement texture, has been chosen as a sample area within the scope of the study. In the context of the method, firstly, literature research related to similar studies and history of settlement were conducted. Later, analysis suggestions were developed for the texture and architectural structure of the settlement and conservation suggestions were developed. The investigations show that there is a change in the architectural structure in the settlement in the direction of the original texture, and suggestions for conservation and construction should be developed.

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH ON PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP: THE MODERATING ROLE OF EMOTIONAL CAPITAL

Metin KAPLAN,, Yasemin HOCAOĞULLARI — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to reveal the moderating role of emotional capital in the effect of organizational health on psychological ownership. The sampling of the study consists of the employees of the hospitality business in the province of Nevşehir (n=337). The data in the study were obtained by means of a questionnaire including “organizational health scale (Lyden and Klingele, 2000), psychological ownership scale (Van Dyne and Pierce, 2004) and emotional capital scale (Newman et al. 2015). By the help of the data, explanatory factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and a three-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis were used to test the models and hypotheses. According to the results, it was observed that organizational health had a positive and significant effect on psychological ownership. Similarly, ıt has been demonstrated that emotional capital positively affects psychological ownership. However It was also seen that communication-participation, goal congruence-performance and leadership and effective resource as the dimensions of organizational health have a positive and significant effect on psychological ownership. Moreover, in cases where organizational health is both low and high, it was stated that emotional capital has a moderating effect in the relationship between organizational health and psychological ownership. Finally, it was emphasized that the study had certain limitations. Some suggestions were also made for future studies on similar subjects.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING SKILLS AND EMOTION MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSULTANT CANDIDATES

Mustafa SARPDAĞ,, Firdevs SAVİ ÇAKAR — 2024-08-29

In this study, the relationship between counseling skills of counselors and emotion management is examined. Relational scanning model was used in the research. The participants of the study were 228 psychological counselor candidates who studied in the 4th year of the Guidance and Psychological Counseling Department and took the “Individual Counseling Practices” course. The study was obtained with the Psychological Counseling Skills Discrimination Scale (PDBA) and the Emotion Management Skills (DYB) Scale. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. In summary, while there is no meaningful information on the counseling skills of the counselor candidates of gender; the line in which emotion management verbal expression skill shows a meaningful line according to gender. Accordingly, the ability of female counselors to express verbally is higher than that of men. In addition, their counselors stated that there is a positive and significant relationship between counseling skills and emotion management; it has been found that emotion management significantly predicts counseling skills.

CRISIS ADAPTATION DURING COVID 19 PROCESS: AGILITY MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICES IN TURKEY

C. Gazi UÇKUN,; Asiye YÜKSEL , Seher UÇKUN — 2024-08-29

COVID-19 has been recognized as a challenging global problem that cannot be easily solved, primarily due to its high transmission rate and global scalability. The decision-making process regarding COVID-19 has played a historical role in the processes in many institutions, especially in terms of the degree to which they allow for monitoring, pre-evaluation, negotiation and disciplinary differences. Agile experience through COVID ‐ 19, whether existing tiers and appreciation clusters are sustainable, whether their processes allow for a future degree of flexible thinking and flexibility, understanding organizational and institutional responses to the crisis, investigating their impact on business, employment and leadership, international in light of supply chain issues Assessing the impacts on businesses, illuminating the effects on individual consumption patterns and attitudes towards risk, the financial consequences of the crisis and how they can be mitigated, and modeling the progress and impact of policy interventions. In this study, what is done to witness the scale, scope, speed, quality of the adaptation of enterprises to new conditions and the habits of experimenting with new teaching methods in our communities within the scope of COVID-19 will be evaluated in terms of agility in management. The population of the study in terms of the economy will create applications made in Turkey. Agility and management issues will be evaluated in the study.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MINDEDNESS (CONSCIOUSNESS) AS A PREDICTOR OF MENTAL WELL-BEING IN EMERGING AND YOUNG ADULTS

Tuğba TURGUT,, Sümeyye YÜCEL — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the predictive role of psychological mindedness (consciousness) on the mental well-being in emerging and young adult individuals. Mental well-being and psychological mindedness were also examined in terms of some demographic variables such as gender, marital status and developmental period. The research is structured in correlational research design. The study group of the research is composed of 306 people, 229 women and 77 men, who are selected by the Convenience Sampling method and who are in the young adulthood periods (18-45 years of age). Demographic Information Form, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Psychological Mindedness (Consciousness) Scale, were used as data collection tools in the study. In order to test the research objectives, Independent Groups t test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Simple Linear Regression were used in the analysis of the data. The results of this study indicate that, there are significant relationships between mental well-being and psychological mindedness (consciousness). The results show that there are significant differences according to gender, developmental period and marital status. It is concluded that mental well-being is predicted significantly in terms of psychological mindedness (consciousness) in emerging and young adults. Psychological mindedness has an important effect on mental well-being.

THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHER CANDIDATES’ TOWARDS TEACHING PROFESSION

Ahmet UYAR,, Akın KARAKUYU — 2024-08-29

Our attitude towards anything is a factor that influences our approach. The positive attitude of individuals towards their profession is expected to positively affect their perspective. In this respect, teachers candidates' attitudes towards the teaching profession are important. In this study, it was aimed to examine the attitudes of teacher candidates towards the teaching profession according to the variables of gender, department, academic average and grade. The method of the research is the screening method. The study group of the research consists of 305 teacher candidates who study at the education faculty of a state university and are determined by the simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with attitude towards teaching profession scale. According to the results of the study, teacher candidates' attitudes towards the teaching profession are low. There were statistically a significant difference were found in favor 2nd graders according to the class variables and in favor 3,00 – 3,49 and 3, 50 – 4,00 according to the academic average variables. There were no statistically significant difference gender and department variables.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE EMOTIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD

Mehmet GÜNEY,; Ezgi AKINCI DEMİRBAŞ , Aygen ÇAKMAK — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to examine the psychological resilience of university students in terms of various variables and to determine the relationship between their emotional states and their psychological resilience. The study group of the study consisted of 273 students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences and agreeing to participate in the study voluntarily. The research data were collected using the "Pandemic Information Form" prepared by the researchers and the "Short Psychological Resilience Scale" developed by Smith et al. (2008) and the Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted by Doğan (2015).The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a significant difference in the psychological resilience of the situations that the university students will continue to meet with their friends after the pandemic, they do more sports and follow the lessons comfortably during the pandemic process, and their intra-family communication is positively affected. During the pandemic process, it was determined that they showed anger, tension and anxiety towards themselves and their loved ones. In this process, it was found that students who did not show stress response had higher psychological resilience.

THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE REPUTATION AND IMAGE TRUST IN STATE AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS

Simge AKSU,, Şule KARADAĞ — 2024-08-29

There are many factors affecting the attitudes of patients and health workers towards the hospital. Perceived quality and service quality is one of these factors. These perceptions are the factors that determine the reputation and image of the institutions. This study was planned to reveal the impact of corporate reputation and image on trust in public and private hospitals. Corporate reputation consists of emotional appeal, products and services, vision and leadership, working environment, social responsibility and financial performance sub-factors while corporate image; consists of corporate communication, service quality, appearance, quality of personnel, behavior and physical competence sub-factors. As a result of the research, it is seen that corporate reputation and image affect the trust in hospitals. While the public hospitals were perceived as more reliable, with higher reputation and image, it was found that demographic characteristics had no significant effect on the trust in the hospital.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE, SELF-ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY STATES OF NURSING STUDENTS

Mehmet Cihad AKTAŞ,; Gülden ATAN; Dilara ÇELİK , Mehtap GENÇ — 2024-08-29

Introduction: This study was conducted to find out the association between social intelligence, self-esteem and academic self-efficacy states of nursing students. Material and Method: The population of this descriptive study consisted of 420 nursing students studying at a state university in the fall semester of 2020. The sample was not selected and 259 students who agreed to participate in the study and who filled in the data collection forms completely formed the sample. The data were collected by the researcher through face-to-face interview technique by using “Personal Qualities Form”, “Tromso Social Intelligence Scale”, “Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale” and “Academic Self-efficacy Scale”. SPSS 23.0 package program was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Negative and moderate significant association was found between the participants’ “Tromso Social Intelligence Scale” scores and their “Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale” scores (r= -.445), while positive and weak significant association was found between their “Tromso Social Intelligence Scale” scores and their “Academic Self-efficacy Scale” scores (r= .257) and negative and weak significant association was found between their “Academic Self-efficacy Scale” scores and “Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale” scores (r= -.323) (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Social intelligence, self-esteem and academic self-efficacy of nursing students are correlated. Nursing students with high social intelligence and better self-esteem have high academic self-efficacy. It can be seen that nursing students with high social intelligence have more positive self-esteem.

CHILD DESCRIPTION IN CENGIZ AYTMATOV'S WHITE SHIP BOOK

Selahattin AVŞAROĞLU,, Aizirek İmandos KYZY — 2024-08-29

ABSTRACT In this study, it is aimed to determine the life events and the child functioning depicted in Cengiz Aytmatov's "White Ship". In many of his works, Aitmatov has told about the tragedy experienced by the Kyrgyz people. He is a master writer in writing the events of both himself and the society. The hero of the White Ship novel is a seven-year-old boy. The unnamed child was separated from his mother and father and was raised by his mother's grandfather, the Mümin grandfather. The believing grandfather tells him tales and legends about his own Buðu lineage. That's why the child loves his grandfather. The legend of Maral Ana, one of the legends he tells about his grandfather, is the legend that affects the child the most. The child is described by his grandfather, Mümin, as an individual who is sensitive to traditions and who has pure humanity consciousness. In the work, the child lives with his grandfather as well as his grandfather, his aunt Bekey and brother-in-law Orozkul and his other family Seydakmat and his wife Gülcamal as the child of a broken family. The boy thinks that his father is working on a ship and that he will come and pick him up one day. In the novel, the anonymous child is deprived of the sincere and warm love in the family environment, and the boy who has no friends is always alone. The binoculars and bag that his grandfather bought are his secret friend. The child looks at the ships passing through Issyk Kul with the binoculars given by his grandfather. The boy thinks his father is on the passing ship. With these looks, he imagines that the white ship, which he thinks will pass one day, will bring happiness to himself and his father. The child, who starts life without his parents, always dreams. The anonymous boy in the White Ship is much more unlucky than other children, despite not being in a war environment and not having the difficulties of war. Because the anonymous child neither has a life with his mother nor his father, the environment in which he lives is also a harming environment dominated by constant stress. The grandmother is not her own grandmother and she constantly reprimands the grandfather Believer. Damat Orozkul beat and cursed Aunt Bekey until he passed out because he had no children. Subconsciously, there is the idea of moving away from this constantly stressful family environment. The desire and dream to turn into a fish is the manifestation of this escape. The murder of Mother Maral, whom the child knows as sacred, by her grandfather breaks her ties with herself and life. When the deer representing the salvation is killed, life no longer matters for the child and the novel ends. With the death of Mother Maral, the boy turns to the white ship of his dreams and leaves his small body to the cold waters of the stream to reach beyond as a fish, committing suicide. As a result, in this study, the sad life adventure and end of a child is depicted in the work of Aytmatov, who adds cultural richness to each of his works. It is described how a mentally traumatized child becomes depressed and suicidal. From a pedagogical perspective, it is seen that unhappy and deprived children need more psychological support. From this point of view, a special attention should be paid to '' anonymous '' child types. It is recommended that state institutions and organizations, associations and foundations, families and the school system take measures for their healthy growth.

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORK LIFE QUALITY AND INDIVIDUAL WORK PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEES

Saliha EMRE DEVECİ,, Demet KARAYILAN — 2024-08-29

Having a high quality working life is very important for both employees, organizations and service users. It is necessary for these organizations to achieve their long-term vision. In this context, the aim of the study is; It is to examine whether there is a meaningful relationship between the work quality of life levels of the personnel in a private hospital operating in Gaziantep and their job performance. Within the scope of this purpose, 241 employees were asked questions about the quality of work life and work performance and participants were asked to give their answers with the help of a questionnaire. The model established in line with the stated purpose was found meaningful. According to the findings of the study, a significant relationship was observed between the general well-being and working conditions of the employees and their job performance.

THE EFFECT OF CONTEXT BASED LEARNING APPROACH ENRICHED WITH DIFFERENT CONCEPTUAL CHANGE STRATEGIES ON ELIMINATING ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF PRESCHOOL TEACHER CANDIDATES

Müslüm CAN,, Neslihan ÜLTAY — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of preschool teacher candidates on alternative concepts by using context based learning approach enriched with different conceptual change strategies on substance and properties. Quasi-experimental method was used in the study. In the study, course materials and two-stage Matter and Properties Concept Test questions were developed and piloted. After the necessary corrections were made in the course materials and tests, the Matter and Properties Concept Test was applied to Giresun University Preschool Teaching 3rd grade experimental group (28) and control group (28) as pre-post test. As a result of the applications, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 teacher candidates, 3 in the experimental group and 3 in the control group. As a result of the statistical analysis of the data obtained from Matter and Properties Concept Test and interviews, it was seen that the experimental group was more successful in removing alternative concepts than the control group. As a result of this study, it has been found that context based learning approach course materials, which are enriched with different conceptual change strategies, are more effective than the traditional learning approach course materials in terms of eliminating alternative concepts about matter and properties in preschool teacher candidates.

IN THE WORKS OF CINDY SHERMAN IDENTIFICATION

Meral LALETAŞ, — 2024-08-29

There is a different relationship between the concepts of art and identity, interacting with and mutually forming visible or invisible ties. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the use of visual arts as an effective tool for the creation, expression, visibility, reflection and dissemination of social identities with artistic theories and approaches. Cindy Sherman is a photographer who produces works within the context of identity concept. in his works, by reflecting self-portraits successfully and effectively by sometimes assuming various identities; The concept of identity and representation has been the subject of his works. Art is one of the means of expression of identity, which is defined as the process of naming or existing in the social hierarchy of the individual. Identity in its simplest form; it is a naming process of human within social categories. In this process, which is considered quite important when we think on the basis of the human sense of existence, art becomes one of the expressions of identities along with its own tools and methods. In this study, in general terms; The formal expression of individual and social identities formed in historical development according to various artistic theories and different practices will be emphasized.

THE EFFECT OF POP ART AND COLLAGE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL LANGUAGE OF GRAPHIC DESIGN

Mithat YILMAZ,; Hakan MAZLUM , Bünyamin DALKIRAN — 2024-08-29

Pop Art has changed the approaches towards all fields of art and made art an accessible commodity with the atmosphere of freedom it creates. Contributed to the development of visual language by pushing the limits of artistic expression in graphic design with the collage technique frequently used in Pop Art. In this research, while examining the effect of Pop Art movement on the development of visual language of graphic design, the examples of works that were inspired by collage technique and which were prominent in the field of graphic design of the period were included, the formal language was examined and discussed in the context of visual language. While investigating the causes of the Pop Art movement, the reason of producing collage technique and graphic printing techniques, especially stone screen printing techniques and especially serigraphy techniques, were examined in this artistic movement. The purpose of this research; The aim of this course is to investigate the contribution of pop art and collage techniques to the development of the visual language of graphic design. Depending on this purpose; Due to the general structure of Pop Art and collage, which examines the effects of graphic design on the development of visual language, it was considered appropriate to make the findings under the relevant headings within the scope of literature search and data collection method. As a result of the research, it was found that the development of graphic design visual language was influenced by the philosophy of Pop Art movement, its commercial aspect and collage technique.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY ASSESSMENT IN SOCIAL INQUIRY REPORTS

Derya KAYMA,, Ayşin ÇETİNKAYA BÜYÜKBODUR — 2024-08-29

In recent years the concept of the world as well as juvenile delinquency in Turkey has gained importance. In addition to developing preventive services by investigating the reasons that are effective in dragging children into crime, child friendly justice has been developed and strengthened for children who have been dragged into crime and faced with the criminal justice system. Within the scope of child-friendly justice, the Child Protection Law No. 5395 prepares a Social Inquiry Report on children who are dragged into crime in order to provide an assessment of the reasons for children 'drifting to crime “ child in the environment”. With the social ınquiry reports, the individual characteristics of the child and its interaction with all systems are examined, the risks that will negatively affect the healthy development of the child along with the strengths of the child are identified, and it is aimed to ensure the healthy development and sustainability of the children by preparing preventive and therapeutic intervention plans. In this study, the concept of criminal responsibility of children was examined within the scope of national and international legislation, and it was aimed to contribute to the evaluation of criminal responsibility in the social inquiry reports prepared by social workers.

A RESEARCH ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND VALUE RELEVANCE RELATIONSHIP AT BORSA ISTANBUL

Emin ZEYTİNOĞLU,, Özgür ÇALIŞKAN — 2024-08-29

This study examines the relationship between the variables of earnings per share, net asset value, corporate governance and stock returns of companies included in the Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index in 2019. The study includes the data of 28 companies traded in the Corporate Governance Index between 2008-2018. In the study, the companies which are operating in the financial sector were excluded from the study. Three models were determined in the research and these three models were analyzed with the help of panel data analysis random effects model. More generally, these basic findings are consistent with research showing that the variables of earnings per share, the square of the volume of the administrative board, the ratio of independent members of the board have a positive effect on the share price, and the gender of the board chairman has a negative effect.

MADAME BOVARY, FEMINISM AND THE PLACE OF WOMEN IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE

Serap SARIBAŞ, — 2024-08-29

Madame Bovary with its pro-feminist main character Emma Rouault explores the theme of powerlessness of women in nineteenth-century France. This paper will first discuss Emma as a pro-feminist character and then continue to explore the different types of women in the novel: how they are introduced and why they are important. The abusive actions of men towards women will be demonstrated through the novel Madame Bovary. In addition, Emma’s duties as a woman in society and other roles that she gained after marriage will be analyzed. How she either fulfills or fails to fulfill conventional female roles are the main questions to be answered in this paper. Secondly, why Emma chooses to be unfaithful to her husband and cheats on not only him but also the other people around her will be explored. She is sexually, emotionally and financially abused. Men in her life use her as they wish because, as a stereotypical image of women, she is emotionally weak. At least, she is seen weak in that field in the novel. Finally, Emma’s choices and thoughts about being male and female, choosing to be like a male and rejecting her female side through her actions will be analyzed. Why she cares about the beauty of a woman, or why she adopts male behaviors after having affairs and being left will be answered. Thus, it will become clear which reasons led Emma to do these things even though they are unacceptable in every society and religion. She does not have autonomy because she is bound to a man and, although she does not aim to rebel against the doctrines and dogmas of nineteenth-century French society, she somehow achieves being a pro-feminist with her actions.

RELIGIOUS GEOPOLITICS OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

Cihan ÇİFCİ, — 2024-08-29

Religion has emerged as a useful argument for the administration of societies from the earliest days of civilized people. By using this argument, the administrators have gained unquestionable power. This power significantly affected both the domestic and foreign policies of the countries. Geopolitics briefly; It can be said that it is the science that studies how the current geography directs foreign policy. The important point to be emphasized here is; It is the analysis of the relevant geography and all the power elements of this geography by evaluating them together. In this study, the differences between the concept of geopolitics and political geography are mentioned. In addition, the definition of geopolitics, one of the most used concepts of the modern era, was made, and it was discussed how the intersection of geopolitics with religion and belief systems, that is, the formation of religious geopolitics, affects or will affect the policies of countries.

INVESTIGATION OF TEACHER CANDIDATES 'ATTITUDES TOWARDS TEACHING PROFESSION COURSES AND THEIR VIEWS ON CRITICAL PEDAGOGY

Rafet AYDIN,; Mustafa KILINÇ; Damla IŞIK , Bahar Su GEMİCİ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to examine the teacher candidates’ attitudes towards teaching profession courses and their views on critical pedagogy. In order to achieve this aim; Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Teaching Profession Courses "and" Views on Critical Pedagogy " have been investigated whether there is a statistically significant difference according to their gender, their branches, the type of high school they graduated, the education level of parents, the profession of parents, the order of preference of the teaching profession, and the classes they are studying, and whether there is a relationship between the opinions of teacher candidates on teaching profession courses and their views on critical pedagogy. Relational survey model, one of the descriptive research types, has been used in the research. The universe of the research was composed of teacher candidates studying at MAKU Faculty of Education in the 2017-2018 academic year, and a total of 669 teacher candidates, 363 third and 306 fourth graders, were the sample. As data collection tools; "Personal Information Form" for the personal information of the participants, "Teaching Profession Lessons Scale" to determine the attitudes of teacher candidates towards teaching profession courses; and “Critical Pegadogy Principles Scale” was used to determine the views of teacher candidates on critical pedagogy. The data obtained; Statistical analyzes such as percentage, standard deviation, arithmetic mean, K-S value, Mann Whitney-U, Kruskall Wallis-H, were performed via the computer program. According to the research results; In the attitudes of teacher candidates towards professional teaching knowledge lessons, the most positive attitude according to the department variable they are studying belongs to the teacher candidates of the PCG (Psychological Counselling and Guidance) department, while the most negative attitude was found to the teacher candidates of the Turkish Teaching department. It has been found out that teacher candidates who regard themselves as democratic people have positive attitudes towards teaching profession courses. When the opinions of teacher candidates on educational problems are examined; it has been concluded that the teacher candidates have the opinion that the education system should be liberalized day by day and that the education policies have a conservative view, that the central examination results in the education system do not show student success, and that the school destroys the individual and the society. When the relationship between the sub-dimensions of both scales used in the research is examined; a low level of positive correlation between the teacher profession course scale sub-dimension “Teaching field knowledge requirement” and critical pedagogy scale sub-dimension “School jobs”, “low level positive relationship in the liberal school sub-dimension,” low level positive relationship in the educational system sub-dimension has been found.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DIGITAL GAME ADDICTION IN THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CYBER VICTIMIZATION AND CYBER BULLYING

Hasan BATMAZ,; Yağmur ULUSOY , Feyza İNCEOĞLU — 2024-08-29

In the present study, the mediating role of digital game dependency was investigated in the correlation between cyberbullying and cyber victimization. The current study is a descriptive study in the relational screening model. A total of 284 college students, 194 females and 90 males, participated in the study. In the study, Digital Game Addiction Scale (Lemmens et al., 2009) was used to determine problem behavior among college students in digital game play, and E-Bullying and E-Victimization Scales (Lam and Li, 2013) were used to measure cyberbullying and cyber victimization levels. The study data were analyzed with AMOS 24 and SPSS 25.0 software. The role of digital game addiction in the correlation between cyber victimization and cyberbullying was tested with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on the bootstrap method. The study findings demonstrated cyber victimization significantly predicted cyber bullying and digital game addiction, while digital game addiction significantly predicted cyberbullying. And it was determined that there were significant and positive correlations between cyber victimization and cyberbullying and digital game addiction, and between digital game addiction and cyberbullying. The results of the path analysis based on the bootstrap method conducted to investigate the mediating effect of digital game addiction demonstrated that digital game addiction had a partially mediating role in the correlation between cyber victimization and cyberbullying. The study findings were discussed based on the literature, recommendations were presented for future research and applications.

PRE-SCHOOL TEACHER' VIEWS ON ART EDUCATION IN PRESCHOOL

İsmail BAYRAKTAR,, Gülay BEDİR — 2024-08-29

The general aim of this study is to determine the opinions of preschool teachers about art education. The research was carried out in the phenomenological design of qualitative research methods. Maximum diversity sampling was used to determine the sample. The sample of the study consists of 30 pre-school teachers working in public schools in Şanlıurfa province. The data was collected in the 2018-2019 academic year. A semi-structured interview form was used to obtain data. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were used to analyze the collected data. It was stated that pre-school teachers should have more art workshops and artistic practices in university education in order to transfer the art education in a better way. The majority of the teachers who participated in the research stated that the conditions were not suitable for transferring art education to children due to physical characteristics of the institutions, material shortage, attitude and perspective of the administration and families about art education, and impracticality of artistic corners. In the context of pre-school education, it is necessary to give importance to practical training in order to educate preschool teachers better and necessary in-service training activities should be organized. Besides, necessary measures should be taken in order to improve the conditions of preschool institutions to ensure that the art education can be given to the children entirely and benifically.

The Level Of Knowledge And Vıews Of Gıfted Students About The Lıberatıon Of Maraş

Halil BOLAT, — 2024-08-29

Since gifted and talented students will be in important points of the country in the future, they should be educated sensitively to know their history and to protect the country's territory. The aim of this research; To reveal the knowledge and views of gifted students about the invasion and liberation of Marash. The research was carried out in a science and art center with a total of 71 students, 36 girls and 35 boys. These students attend both middle school 5th grade and BİLSEM. The data in the study were collected with an activity form called "Maraş from Occupation to Liberation" developed by the researcher. Four concept cartoons were prepared for the activity. Two questions were prepared for each concept cartoon and applied to the students. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the students had above-average cognitive knowledge about the liberation of Maraş, they mostly knew the Sütçü İmam and were sensitive to the protection of the land of the country.