SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2020 Issue 71

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF WEB-PAGES BY PRESIDENTS OF TURKISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

Erdoğan AKMAN,, Ömer KÜFREVİ — 2024-08-29

Today, with the acceleration of technological developments, communication becomes more and more important in all areas of life. Mass media are changing structurally and formally in the light of developments in communication technologies. Now, mass media can appeal to very large audiences and the speed of information sharing among people increase. The rapid sharing of information between people, the introduction of mobile communication reveals new places of socialization. As a result, interpersonal relationships, communication, socialization process, lifestyle, and interaction with the environment are also deeply affected. As in other areas, this requires a new structuring in the political field, which is one of the most important components of society as a holistic entity; this naturally influences the phenomenon and practice of political communication. In this sense, the opportunities provided by new communication technologies change the functions and possibilities of political communication. Political communication now takes place more easily, quickly and effectively over internet networks. The internet is currently the most effective medium for interaction between political actors and society. Political actors benefit from the opportunities offered by the internet, such as reaching a wider and more heterogeneous audience faster and cheaper, conveying information about activities in a fast and cost-effective manner, and informing the public on various issues. Now, as a tool of political communication, the Internet has various potential ways of reaching the target audience and sending effective messages, the possibility of online message exchange, instant access to a large number of messages, while not being bound by time and space constraints. In this context, the aim of the research is to see the official website usage practices of the presidencies of the Turkic-speaking countries; how, at what level and for what purposes they use the website as a due diligence. The study includes information on the level of Internet use in Turkic-speaking countries, understanding of the political culture of these countries and the use of new media technologies. In this context, the sample of the study was limited to the official websites of the presidencies of 5 Turkish-speaking countries, and Gibson and Ward's "A Proposed Methodology for Studying the Function and Effectiveness of Party and Candidate Web Site" (2000) scale was used to examine the websites.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INNOVATION ABILITY OF EMPLOYEES IN TERMS OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS: MANUFACTURING IN ADANA PROVINCE INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLE

Murat KOÇ,; Erdinç BALLI , Diler YAMAN KAHYAOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the differences in innovation abilities of the demographic factors of the employees (gender, marital status, working time).. The "Innovation Ability Scale" developed by Vila and Kuster (2007) was used to collect data in the study. Data were collected from employees working in their companies. The universe of his research consists of 1150 manufacturing companies operating in Adana and having an R&D department. Considering the nature of the study, the sample size was determined with 95% reliability and 5.5% sensitivity. In this case, the required sample size was determined to be approximately 257. Within the scope of the study, the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20,00 package program. T test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the analysis of data in order to determine the relationships between the scales and demographic variables. As a result of the research, the innovation ability perceptions of male or female employees emerged at approximately similar levels. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between the innovation ability and the sub-dimensions according to marital status. According to the ANOVA test, no statistically significant difference was found as a result of the examination of innovation ability and sub-dimensions in terms of working time variable

INVESTIGATION OF TURKEY – AZERBAIJAN RELATIONS THROUGH THE “ONE NATION TWO STATES” DISCOURSE

Mehmet DARICI, — 2024-08-29

Turkey’s relations with Azerbaijan has continued strongly from past to present for reasons such as common culture, language, religion and ethnic ties. During this period in relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan, although there are sometimes problems, “One Nation Two State” discourse has been used for relations between the two states. Relations between the two states have been explored to reveal the underlying causes of the “One Nation Two States” discourse. Consequently, the sources of the discourse "One Nation Two States" can be stated as follows: Turkey’s support of Azerbaijan's independence period, Turkey's attitude supporting Azerbaijan in the Karabakh issue, the first to recognize the state of Azerbaijan's independence the Ottoman and Turkey and take place in Turkey in addition to many times Azerbaijan against Armenia.

THE PROBLEMS OF CARE STAFF AND THE PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF THESE PROBLEMS

Rahmi YEŞİLÇINAR,, Erdoğan BOZKURT — 2024-08-29

ON DAMAGES AND BENEFITS OF POSTMODERNISM ON HISTORY

Ramazan ALTINAY, — 2024-08-29

In the history of Western thought, Postmodernism is one of the three major philosophical movements which deals with the concept of “reality” (The first one is the God-based “Traditional” thought, the second one is human/reason-based “Modernist” thought and the third one is decentered “Postmodernist” thought). Today Postmodernism makes its presence felt in almost all areas of life like architecture, economy, social and political life. History is certainly one of the most influenced by Postmodernism. In this study we will analyze the positive and negative effects, or advantages and disadvantages of Postmodernism on History. The words "advantage" and "disadvantage" used for the title are reference to Friedrich Nietzsche (and his work "On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life").

INVESTIGATION OF VIOLENCE EXPOSURE EFFECT ON VIOLENCE TENDENCY

Sibel COŞKUN,, Hande YAĞCAN — 2024-08-29

Violence is one of the increasingly important public health and mental health problems in the world and our country, causes many physical and mental problems in individuals and society. The causes and affecting variables of violence are diverse, and women and children are in the most risky group. Adolescence and youth are considered a risky group due to the identity confusion and increasing risk-taking behaviors. This research was conducted to examine violence exposure effects on violence tendency. In data collection, a 24 question survey form and Violence Tendency Scale were used. The research conducted in two different universities in 2014-2015; 981 randomly selected students who agreed to participate in the study. Verbal and written permission was obtained from the students before the surveys were administered. The data analyzed by using descriptive analysis and SPSS statistical program in computer environment. The students’ 41% were 19-20 years old, 60.6% were girl and 59.6% were studying in a health-related department. They were exposed to 60% psychological violence and 27.3% physical violence. Majority of them were exposed to violence at home/family environment. The students’ 83.1% watch/play violent movies and 13% had a crime history. The violence tendency scale score of the sample was found to be 34.77±6.65. The mean score of violence tendency was lower among health related department students and girls. The scores of violence tendency scale of students who were exposed to physical and psychological violence and watch/play violent movies were found statistically significantly higher than the others (p<0.01, p<0.05). As a result; It has been found that violence tendency is higher in youth who have been exposed to violence in their life history. It can be said that efforts to reduce and prevent social violent behavior are important in reducing violence tendency. Health professionals could take more active role in preventing domestic violence.

EXAMINATION OF THE VIEWS OF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT THE POEMS THEY WROTE ABOUT MIXTURES

Gözde ÜNVER,, Mustafa UZOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of middle school students about the poems they wrote about mixtures. The study group of the research consists of 35 secondary school students studying in a school in the Black Sea region. First of all, students were asked to write poems about the subject of mixtures. Later, student’s opinions were taken about the poems they wrote. The research conducted is a qualitative study and the data was collected by scanning method. An open-ended questionnaire created by the researcher was used as a data collection tool. The open-ended questionnaire consists of 7 questions. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Tables were created by creating themes and codes for the data collected. The tables give frequencies and percentages for the themes and codes. Necessary explanations have been made under the tables. As a result of the analysis of the data, it is seen that the students are not interested in writing poetry before. When asked about the benefits of writing poetry about mixtures, they stated that it helped the subject to be better reviewed and understood. It was observed that students wanted to use the poetry writing activity in other subjects and in different lessons. Based on the result of this study, it can be suggested that teachers use poetry writing, one of the learning activities for science courses.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT RICE CROPS PRICE ESTIMATION BASED ON GRAIN MILL ENTERPRISE IN PLOSO JOMBANG, INDONESIA

Anita Permatasari, — 2024-08-29

Rice is fundamental need for Indonesia and most of its citizens are occupied as farmers. In Ploso, Jombang, there are several big grain mills. The enterprises must be clever to respond many obstacles on their business, that way will minimize their loss and increase profit. Loss factor in grain mills lay on the mistake when they made calculation of price estimation, one of them is grain damage. The calculation commonly used among farmer is the price of grain is divided by damage grain. This study was descriptive qualitative research to reveal factors that affected rice price based on damage grain calculation in mill enterprise located in Ploso, Jombang Regency. The study was conducted in four months from February 2019 to May 2019 which took place in UD Santoso located in Ploso, Jombang Region. The study has resulted that grain yield must be considered by rice millers as factors in affecting rice price based on damage grain calculation. To avoid it, there must be socialization for farmer and mill owner about factors that affect grain yield, rice price expectation based on grain price and solution about how to minimize grain loss.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL LABOR BEHAVIORS WITH CUSTOMER SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SHIP AGENCIES

Murat YORULMAZ, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between emotional labor behavior levels of employees in shipping agencies and their customer service performance and job satisfaction. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from 243 employees of the shipping agency companies operating in the Marmara Region using a Google form between June and August 2020. Using the SPSS v22 program in the research; descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, explanatory factor analysis were made and the skewness, kurtosis and reliability coefficients were calculated. In order to determine the structural validity of the measurement model, the AMOS v22 program was used to analyze the discriminant and convergent in the confirmatory factor analysis and the path analysis in the structural equation modeling for the testing of the hypotheses. As a result of the path analysis, it was determined that superficial behavior, one of the emotional labor behaviors, has no effect on customer service performance. In addition, research findings show that sincere behavior among emotional labor behaviors is the behavior that has the most impact on both customer service performance and job satisfaction.

SYRIA IN TURKEY GIVE SUPPORT TO NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ON A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Esma ALTINDİŞ,, Esma ALTINDİŞ — 2024-08-29

One of the biggest humanitarian crises of today has been experienced after the civil war that started in Syria in 2011. This crisis after the Syrian border to the border with Turkey began mass migration flow. As of 2020, there are more than 3.5 million Syrians in Turkey. The fact that the number of civil wars that have continued for almost nine years has not ended, and that this number has increased gradually and the flow of immigration have opened the door for Syrians trying to establish a new life in a different country to face many economic, social and legal problems. In this study, interviews were made with the local and Syrian non-governmental organizations officials who support the Syrian refugees. As a result of these meetings, the aid and support activities of the organizations in the economic, social and legal fields were revealed. This study was created within the framework of qualitative research model and the data obtained were evaluated through descriptive analysis.

THE EFFECT OF ATTENDING SPORTIVE AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES ON SELF-CONFIDENCE

Mehmet KUMARTAŞLI, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is researching the effect of attending sportive and social activities on self-confidence. 243 male (%39,4); 374 female (%60,6); 617 high school students between 15-19 ages from Isparta province have participated in this study. In this study, a 5-point Likert-type self-confidence scale comprising of 33 questions and two sub-dimensions developed by Akın (2007) was used to evaluate the self-confidence level of the participants. The results of the study are evaluated by using SPSS 22 programme. Whether the study datas are suitable for the normal conditions or not are determined by the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis. To evaluate the datas statistically; an Independent Sample T-Test is used. Meaningfullness level is accepted as 0.05. The total self-confidence of licensed athletes, actives and the ones who attend social activities their internal and external sub-dimension self-confidence levels are measured clearly at high levels. Finally, we can clearly say that attending sports, physical and social activities affects self-confidence positively

DETERMINING MISSCONCEPTIONS OF TENTH GRADE STUDENTS ABOUT SOLUTIONS

Faruk KARDAŞ,; Samih BAYRAKÇEKEN , Fatma Nur TAŞDEMİR — 2024-08-29

This study deals with misconceptions in solutions. What is misconceptions, general properties and misconceptions in solutions are discussed. This study was written in order to identify misconceptions about the solutions. Screening method was used in the study. The study was conducted in 5 high schools in Erzurum. The sample of the study consists of 291 high school students in the 10th grade. Multiple choice 20 Concept Achievement Test in Solutions Preparation and Implementation oluş scale consisting of 20 questions was applied to the students. Solutions Reliability analysis was performed for concept success test results. The results of the analysis were converted into tables as frequency and percentage ratio values and then evaluated and interpreted. The analysis of the quantitative data obtained in the research was performed with statistical data analysis program. The findings of the research have identified what are their mistakes for solutions. The results obtained from the study were compared and discussed in terms of similarities and differences in the literature. As a result of the analyzes, misconceptions were determined that when the solute remained at the bottom of the solution, it was an over saturated solution and the concept of dissolution and melting had the same meaning. The results obtained from the findings and recommendations for the detection of misconceptions were presented.

THE KINGDOM OF MITHRIDATS IN PONTUS

MEHMET ÖZMENLİ,, Nazım KURUCA — 2024-08-29

Regional historiography has an important place in the history of Turkey and Turkish history. Further examination of regional histories and combination of knowledge regarding each region pave the way for more comprehensive research. The Black Sea is one of the regional study areas of historians. Some historians claim that the diverse ethnic elements in the regions of Anatolia have been present in Anatolia since ancient times and that they were sent from Anatolia during the exchange period. According to the historians who made these claims, upon the invasion of the Byzantine Empire by the Latins in 1204 AD, the members of the dynasty continued to live in İznik, Mora and Trabzon, named after their regions. They continued their lives in the Black Sea under the Trabzon Greek Feudality, which later became a State. Historians of the 20th Century associated this state, which was founded in 281 BC by the Mithridat of Iran and destroyed in 63 BC, with the Pontus Kingdom that was named after the sea by the shore of which they were located during the ancient period. There are no resources in history mentioning a community called Pontus. Turks, who own these lands, also own the past of this geography. This is true because our folklore scientists emphasize the fact that all the practices embedded in our memories and we continue to apply today are the products of the land we come from and inhabit. The Mithridat Kingdom, which was founded in Amasya and continued in Sinop, should be accepted as a part of our history. The evaluations in our study on the the Pontus Kingdom, which is cited in Latin resources of AD centuries, will be made by means of examining contemporary and main resources.

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES IN MUSEUMS IN VISUAL CULTURE AXIS: TECHNOLOGY USE AND DIGITAL LEARNING

Merve EKİZ KAYA,, Sevgi SOYLU KOYUNCU — 2024-08-29

The twentieth-century is a period in which science and technology transform and reflect their effects on social life. Especially during this period, visual images originating from technology appear in all areas of life. The increasing interest in these visual images and visual technologies made it necessary to focus on visual culture and education discourses, which are seen as a field based on visuals. For this purpose, visual culture education, which is the subject of research, is closely related to the visual experiences of people in society who can keep up with its age and development. Therefore, many disciplines and institutions are closely interested in visual culture education as a field that affects human life. One of these institutions refers to museums where historical, social, cultural and visual elements are used extensively. In addition to serving as a bridge between the past and the future due to the functions and duties of museums, the emphasis on the educational function has enabled visual cultural elements to create an interactive space with their visitors by supporting them with technology. In this context, contemporary museums, which are transformed from classical museums with historical elements into learning tools by using technology, are evaluated in terms of visual culture education. The evolution of museums has been explained with a critical point of view through examples by using contemporary approaches and technological equipment. With an emphasis on the research subject, contemporary approaches that support the cultural elements in the context of education were evaluated in terms of visual culture education by using the developing technologies of museums in their presentations and exhibitions.

DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF EMOTIONS EVOKED BY CLASSICAL TURKISH MUSIC: EMOTIONAL EFFECTS OF MAKAM AND TEMPO

Ayşe ARMAN KALKANDELER,, Hasan Gürkan TEKMAN — 2024-08-29

The aims of the present study are to investigate the factorial structure of emotional effects of classical Turkish music and to determine the emotional effects of makam and tempo. One hundred eighty-four participants listened to all two fast and two slow pieces selected for each makam and evaluated their own emotional experiences and emotional intensity on five-point scales for a list of emotional expressions. Factor analysis applied to evaluations of the pieces from each makam with fast and slow tempo. Means of emotional evaluations for each song reported from participants who listened and evaluated all songs are analyzed. Factor analysis produced four factors; calm and sad, tense, mellow and spiritual, joyful and energetic. Average scores of each factor were analyzed in an analysis of variance. According to results; main effect of makam is significant in calm and sad, mellow and spiritual, joyful and energetic. Hicâz and Nihâvend has more calm and sad effects than Mâhûr, Sabâ and Hüseynî; Râst, Segâh and Nihâvend are more mellow and spiritual than other makams. Mâhûr, Muhayyerkürdî and Uşşâk has more joyful and energetic effects than other makams. Tempo was a more important factor than makam in determining emotional effect. For two factors; calm and sad, joyful and energetic, there is a significant difference between fast and slow tempo in Kürdîlihicazkar, Nihâvend and Uşşâk.

THE SILENCE OF THE SUBALTERNS IN V. S. NAIPAUL'S NOVEL, MAGIC SEEDS

Cengiz KARAGÖZ,, Sedat BAY — 2024-08-29

The concept of ‘subaltern’, which is one of the leading fields of study today, was first used by Antonio Gramsci in the 1930s in relation to the concept of hegemony. Since then, the concept of Subaltern has become one of the subjects of many social sciences, especially literature, and has gained a distinct meaning and importance, especially in the postcolonial period. In particular, the Indian society-based subaltern problem raised by Spivak has had wide repercussions around the world and has been the subject of many literary works. V. S. Naipaul’s novel Magic Seeds, who has given several controversial works in the field of postcolonial literature, is an important work that examines how the subalterns were crushed and silenced and the mechanisms that brought about this situation. Thanks to Willie, the main character of Magic Seed, we realize that we live in two worlds that are different from each other but whose functioning is connected. They can be described as the world of the rulers and the world of the ruled, the world of the oppressors and the world of the oppressed, the world of the dominant ones and the world of the subalterns. As we see in the work, the revolutionary movements of the upper classes on behalf of the subalterns, which consist mainly of peasants, are actually another way of continuing domination over the subalterns. Unlike the protagonists in Naipaul’s other works, Willie understands something else: as these two worlds co-exist, striving to separate these two worlds is futile. It is doomed to fail that the higher classes attempt a revolutionary movement on their behalf without the idea and support of the peasants in India. Thus, at the end of the work, Willie figures out the answer to the question of which world he belongs to. This study aims to examine the processes that brought about this situation through the experiences of our hero, who joined a revolutionary movement in India and tried to destroy these two worlds and make them one world again.

LAW, INSTITUTIONAL REGULATIONS AND CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE: SUGGESTIONS AND CRITISMS

Ahmet Emrah TAYYAR, — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of this article is to examine the effect of legal system on the institutional and independence structures of the central bank on the basis of the law and economics approach. Accordingly, the law and economics approach examines the effects of legal regulations on the economic field. Regulations in legal legislation in countries can be effective on economic stability by changing the structure and independence of instutions. The institutionalization and independence of the central bank, which is responsible for ensuring economic stability, vary depending on regulations in the legal framework. The degree of independence of the central bank is measured with the help of independence indices. Depending on the economic crises and economic management experiences, the scope of the indices has improved over time. Therefore, central bank management needs to be developed according to the criteria of the most current and valid independence indices. However, even if independence of the central bank is strengthened depending on the laws, the level of de facto independence may be different from the level ol de jure independence. The main reasons for the differentitation between de jure and de facto independence are the fact that the countries have weak legal rules, the filling of the law gaps due to the power struggle and the slow pace of the change in the legal legislation. Therefore, strengthening the legal infrastructure in countries will contribute to the institutional structure and independence of the central bank.

EASTERN EFFECTS OF GEORGE BARBIER IN ILLUSTRATIONS

Barış ERDOĞAN,, Meliha YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to reveal the eastern influences in the works of French illustration artist George Barbier. The seven works selected from the illustrations of George Barbier mentioned in the Art Deco art movement were examined by literature scanning and work analysis methods, and how the effects of the east effects were reflected to these works with examples. The research is a study of George Barbier's "Imperial Regiment", "Romance of Persian Perfume", "Chinese Princess Turandot", "Şehrazad", "African Dance", "Africa" and "Imaginary Lives" limited to seven illustration works in total. As a result of the research, it was concluded that George Barbier's illustrations were influenced by Egyptian art and mythology, Persian (Mesopotamian) tales and miniatures, Chinese culture, miniatures, religious beliefs and legends, Indian miniatures, culture and religious beliefs, and African culture.

INVESTIGATION OF THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND SELF-CONFİDENCE LEVELS OF FOOTBALL REFEREES

Ulaş AKSOY,, Mehmet ULUKAN — 2024-08-29

In this study, the communication skills and self-confidence levels of football referees working in different categories were examined according to various variables. The study is in a descriptive screening model, as it is aimed at determining participants' views and perceptions on a topic. The universe of the research consists of football referees serving in different categories in Turkey during the 2018-2019 football season, while the sample of the research consists of 206 football referees serving in different categories in Aydın province. Personal Information Form consisting of 9 questions, Communication Skills Assessment Scale consisting of 25 questions and self confidence scale consisting of 33 questions were used as data collection tools. The results of the study were evaluated with SPSS 23.0 statistical package program and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. The research concluded that the older referees had higher communication skills and self-confidence levels than the younger ones, the longer referees had shorter referees, the upper referees had lower referees, the foreign referees had higher communication skills and self-confidence levels than those who did not speak a foreign language. In addition, it has been observed that there is a positive high level of meaningful relationship between the communication skills of football referees and their self-confidence; in the same way that football referees ' self-confidence increases as their communication skills increase, their communication skills increase as their self-confidence increases.

REASONS TO RECEIVE PEDAGOGICAL FORMATION EDUCATION CERTIFICATE PROGRAM OF NURSES

Munise Handan GÜNEŞ,, Dilek BİLGİÇ — 2024-08-29

This study aims to determine nurses’ reasons for taking the Pedagogical Formation Education Certificate Program. Research is in a qualitative research design. The research was carried out with 180 volunteer senior or graduate nurses who were attending the Pedagogical Formation Training Certificate Program at Ondokuz Mayıs University between the academic years of 2014-2019. The data were collected by the researcher using face to face method. For the participants, “Why did you want to take pedagogical formation training? Explain your thoughts? "An open-ended question was posed. Results were analyzed using qualitative research techniques. The themes emerging as a result of the analysis are "Willing to do the teaching profession", "Obligation" and "Self-development". More participants attributed their reason for receiving pedagogical formation training to different subcategories under the theme of wanting to do the teaching profession. These subcategories are; "Loving the teaching profession" (n = 48) "Dislike the nursing profession" (n = 31) and "the working conditions of the teaching profession are easier" (n = 90). In our study, nurse/nurse candidates mentioned the difficulty of working conditions of the nursing profession. They think that the working conditions of the teaching profession are easier. For this reason, they participate in pedagogical formation training. Participants show that they tend to change professions in the future by participating in this program. Regulations preventing nurses from leaving the profession should be made.

MODEL PROPOSAL FOR PREVENTİNG RELATİONAL AGGRESSİON İN SCHOOLS

Yüksel DEMİREL, — 2024-08-29

Relational aggression, which is increasingly experienced in schools, is a serious problem and is a form of bullying where the perpetrator uses covert tactics to cause psychological and emotional harm to another person. The literature reveals that relational aggression negatively affects students' psychology and emotions. The negative consequences of relational aggression for both victims and perpetrators can be common. Some of these results include students' attendance at school and mood, anxiety, depression, inability to develop social skills and new friendships, suspicion or hostility towards their peers, emotional stress, low self-esteem, difficulty in adapting, and poor relationships. and can be counted as teacher - student conflict. Objective: The aim of this study is to propose a model to prevent relational aggression, which is an increasing and serious problem in schools. Method: In this study, the subject of relational aggression in schools was limited to adolescents, and the literature focused on preventive methods. Results: Literature review has shown that victims of relational aggression often feel ashamed of being rejected by their peers. Sometimes this feeling causes some children to be reluctant to seek help due to friendship loyalty and confusion. It is observed that especially male students who are victims of relational aggression avoid discussing their victimization because of their gender expectations. On the other hand, when adults do not take the child's complaints about relational aggression seriously or ignore them as 'typical child behavior', child victims may be reluctant to report the aggressive behavior they face to adults. This situation, which leads to the continuation of the cycle, can lead to serious consequences that can lead to self-destructive behaviors and even suicidal thoughts in children and adolescents. Conclusion: All these negative results reveal the necessity of developing a systematic model to combat relational aggression. This study proposes a model that focuses on the dangers posed by relational aggression and the intervention methods that should be taken to prevent it. Preventive measures and intervention methods in the model; It includes the strengthening of the psychological counseling and guidance units in the schools and the creation of a guidance curriculum that addresses the issue, and the planning of studies for the struggle in which the school, teachers, students, parents and the media will cooperate.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNİNG ORGANIZATION AND JOB SATISFACTION: EXAMPLE OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH

Erkin ARTANTAŞ, — 2024-08-29

In this article, the relationship between the learning organization and job satisfaction was examined through the employees of the Ministry of Health. The 390 staff working in the Central Organization of the Ministry of Health constitute the universe of this research. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS 23 software and it was worked with 95% confidence level. According to the results obtained, the level of Job Satisfaction and Learning Organization of the employees is high. Job Satisfaction and Learning Organization levels do not depend on the gender, age and marital status of the employees.learning organization levels do not depend on the level of education of employees.The level of Internal Satisfaction of primary school graduates is higher.Employees with average monthly household income of 4500-5500 TL have the highest level of Outward Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction, and those with less than 1500 TL have a higher level of Teamwork Learning. Internal, External, Job Satisfaction Levels, Learning Organization Levels of employees working for 11-15 years and Employees' Common Vision and Empowerment Level for employees working for 16-20 years are the highest. Employees working for 10-12 years, have the highest level of Internal Job Satisfaction.

EFFECTS OF STEM ACTIVITIES ON PROBLEM SOLVING AND SCIENTIFIC PROCESS SKILLS OF GIFTED STUDENTS

Ahmet YILDIZ, — 2024-08-29

In this study, the effects of STEM activities on problem-solving and scientific process skills of specially talented students were examined. The research was carried out with 48 fourth grade students in a center in Central Anatolia, where specially talented students study, in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research is a quantitative study, an experimental design with a control group, which was carried out according to the pre-test and post-test model. In the analysis of the data, t-test was used for dependent and independent groups. In the light of the findings obtained in the research, it was seen that STEM activities had positive effects on problem solving and scientific process skills of specially talented students. Thereupon, various suggestions were made for researchers on STEM education.

ART THERAPY IN NURSING

Gürkan ÖZDEN, — 2024-08-29

The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as a mental process in which individuals use the artistic media, creative process, and resulting artwork offered by the art therapist to explore their feelings and reconcile emotional conflicts. The theoretical basis of art therapy is the theory of brain lateralization. The left brain basically manages processes such as logic, language, writing and reasoning, while the right brain governs drawing, music, emotion, creativity and similar processes. While the right brain manages these processes, in the processing of sensory or emotional information, it first creates an image projection, processes the information and then transmits it to the left brain to produce verbal thinking and memory. Art therapy provides an intuitive style of expression that helps patients avoid negative emotions, alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms, and thus improve quality of life. Others see art itself as therapy. That is, the creative process involved in the work of art, whether in drawing, painting, sculpture, or any other art form, is the practice or material that improves life and is ultimately therapeutic. Evidence from various studies has shown that patients participating in art therapy have great positive benefits for family members and healthcare providers. However, advances in technology have clearly demonstrated the effects of emotions and psychology on illnesses. Usually, all symptoms of the illness are described as "feeling sick". This means that our consciousness of being sick is a sensory component such as feeling pain or sadness. Nursing is also the art of being able to read the emotions and feelings of a sick or healthy individual in need of help. Nursing is considered an art and science, and care forms the theoretical framework for nursing. Nursing care is based on an intuitive understanding, unity and connection between nurse and patient. Task-oriented approaches create difficulties for nurses in maintaining the quality of care. Quality care practices in nursing make it necessary to apply art and science together. The nurse's involvement in creative work with the patient in the medical environment may provide opportunities for the patient to express their feelings safely.

CAREER SATISFACTION AND BURNOUT: A STUDY ON TEACHERS

Önder SAKAL, — 2024-08-29

In this study, the effect of career satisfaction variable on burnout sub-dimensions such as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment was investigated empirically. The data were collected from 307 teachers working in Erzincan National Education schools. According to the findings, teachers' career satisfaction is an important factor explaining their burnout levels. Regression analysis findings; career satisfaction significantly explained the variance in the emotional exhaustion dimension by 17.4%, the variance in the depersonalization dimension 3.7% and the variance in the personal accomplishment dimension by 5.4%.

REFLECTION OF UNDERWATER DIVING ON PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECT ON PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING

Yiğit GEZER,, Pınar ÖZDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Today, there is an intense interest in extreme sports. Sportive scuba diving is one of these extreme sports. However, diving is a sport that is done underwater, has risks, requires adaptation to a different physiological and psychological environment, affects personality traits and requires serious motivation. Scuba diving is relatively safe and constructive compared to other extreme sports as long as diving principles and rules are followed and trained. Diving is a safe and exciting sport in part. It requires adaptation to the underwater world of sporty scuba. This adaptation takes place both physiologically and psychologically. In diving sport, these two variables should be considered together. Underwater psychological aspect is as important as the psychological aspect, scuba diving requires a high degree of adaptation in behavior and attitude. Apart from sports psychology, long physical performance requires the correct mental balance in moderate effort, activation and relaxation. Since the behavior and behavior of divers are a factor in an important event at sea, their behavior is studied. The personality traits of divers and the scuba diving relationship include psycho-social well being to find when diving is needed to make the individual psycho-social well-being. The study, which explains environmental behavioral theories, one of the behavioral theories, is accepted as one of the important effects on the environment in attitudes and behaviors. In scuba diving training, anxiety and panic are not emphasized enough, although it is known that panic and personal coping mechanisms play an important role in most accidents that result in death and reported as drowning, this issue is not included in scuba diving education books. Although some psychological disorders are well known, the number of cases investigating the psychological problems associated with the risks of scuba diving is very few. These are depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, phobias, and panic attacks. Divers have different structures and personality characteristics. Due to the effects of various gases under pressure, each diver can be exposed to abnormal physiological and psychological conditions and react differently to changes in their environment. It is thought that the lack and excess, or difference, in the underwater adaptation of personality traits significantly affects the psycho-social well-being of the individual.