SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2019 Issue 35

Evaluation of the Accounting System of Russian Budget Organizations

Leyla AKGÜN,; Duygu ARSLANTÜRK ÇÖLLÜ , Polad ALİYEV — 2024-08-29

The development of international relations requires the standardization of all areas of the national economy and the development of globalization legislation in line with international development and standards. In the context of these developments, in Russia, it is observed that the focus is brought on the regulations in accounting, in particular. In recent years, due to the decrease in the importance given to the accounting procedures carried out in public institutions, it is observed that the activities to improve the accounting system and to make the necessary legal arrangements have been increased. In this context, it is of great importance to develop and implement the procedures necessary to increase the effectiveness of the accounting system, especially in budget organizations. The accounting system in budget organizations inolves activities to produce accounting information necessary for the effective management of financial resources as an integral part of the national accounting system of the Russian Federation. The accounting system, which operates effectively, is very important in terms of finding new reserves in budget organizations, determining the violations of planning and budget discipline, and preventing possible losses and unnecessary costs. This situation makes a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the accounting system in budget organizations. This situation makes a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the accounting system in budget organizations. In this study, the legal arrangements related to the accounting practices carried out in the budget organizations in the Russian Federation and the developments in this framework are included and the account plan and the accounting policy applied by them are examined in detail.

Meteorological Differences In Afyonkarahisar Urban Area

Mehmet Ali ÖZDEMİRMehmet Ali ÖZDEMİR,, Okan BOZYURT — 2024-08-29

ABSTRACT Urban Climate appeared in urban area where urban buldings are built, residences are improved like a Wall, large asphalt roads are made and asphalt roads are in placed instead of soil ground. The colour and patterns of roof covers affected albedo, exhaust emision, fossil fuel use and growing industrial activies changed atmospheric components in cities. Urban area in Afyonkarahisar growed sharply after the year 2000, meteorological differences appeared in particularly between urban center and kampus of new settlements area in near hear. The distance between urban center and campus is approximately 8 km. The data of two meteorological stations have been analysed between city center and peripheric. And meteorological differences have been evaluated by making comparisons. The meteoeology station where is in the centre of Afyonkarahisar, established in Kocatepe Neighbourhood in 1929 by Turkish State Meteorological Service. It makes meteorological observations in location 38°44´16.8´´N, 30°33´37.4E´´ in the altitude of 1013 m. In addition to this station in the downtown, A new meteorology station, Kocatepe University meteorology station , established in Ahmet Necdet Sezer Kampus in 2015 by Turkish State Meteorological Service. It makes meteorological observations in location 38°50´05.6´´N, 30°31´54.8E´´ in the altitude of 1021 m. Thus, it is possible to compare the meteorological data of the two stations. There is 9 km. distance between these two meteorological stations. And also there are important differences between these two stations in terms of meteorological parameters such as temeperature, precipitation, wind, moisture. Annual mean temperature of downtown is higher than that of university region in september, october, november and december except for july and august in 2015. Annual Average, minimum and maximum temperature values of 2016, 2017 and 2018 are higher in downtown than that of university region. However, temperature values of 2018 are similar, clearly in these two meteorological stations. Because intense formation in university region started to be common in 2017. Because of the Urban Heat Island Effect and intense particle in the air, the ratio of precipitation, particularly convectional precipitation increased, clearly in downtown. The precipitation value in downtown in May, june, july and august are higher than that of university region in the same period. There are differences of 7-8 mm. in terms of precipitation value between downtown and university region. While Annual total precipitation value of 2016 is 355.6 mm. in downtown, this value is 297.8 mm. in university region. Annual total precipitation value of 2017 in downtown is 286.4 mm. This value is 182.3 mm. in university region. In this study, meteorological differences of the stations which are in short distance in rural and urban area in Afyonkarahisar, have been produced by using Mann-Kendall and Pearson statistical methods.

Suakin Island and Turkey's Africa Policy

Fatma ÇALIK ORHUN, — 2024-08-29

Suakin Island, on the west coast of the Red Sea, is a small island on the eastern trade routes, and the history has been one of the busiest ports in the Red Sea. Hijaz has served as a warehouse for trade in Indian Ocean, Egypt and Africa. The island has been in a very strategic position for the regional trade in every period of history and has served as a gate connecting the oceans to Africa via the Red Sea. The island was captured by the Portuguese in 1513. When the island entered the Ottoman administration in the 16th century and the Ethiopian State was formed in 1555, Sevakin became the central banner of the province. In the Ottoman state administration division, it was first connected to Abyssinia, but in 1848 it was connected to Jeddah. In 1865, Egypt under the control of the Egyptian Sudan has taken place between the lands. Suakin Island, which entered the Ottoman administration in the 16th century, remained under the auspices of the Ottoman Sultan although there were various changes in its status until the 20th century. In the history of the island, the strongest and most prosperous period was during the Ottoman rule. Although the island still maintains its geopolitical and geostrategic importance, it is a very important point for both the sea trade passing through the Red Sea and the control of East Africa and the Hijaz region. In this study, the islands of the Sevak geopolitical and geostrategic importance of relations with historically been studied to date, and Turkey were discussed.

Cultural History Of Sultan Hüseyin Baykara Period And The Contributions Of Ali Şir Nevayi

Arazgül REJEPOVA, — 2024-08-29

Abstract Political existence of the Timurlu dynasty established by Emir Timur came to an end with the death of Hüseyin Baykara. However, although the political development declined continuously within the period between establishment and collapse, social and cultural development rose continuously. During this rise, Timur and his mirzas greatly valued everyone who were skillful craftsmen or speechmakers and they were provided with possibilities to show their skills. The cultural superiority made a topic within the reign of Timurlu dynasty, reached its summit in Samarkand during the reign of Uluğ Bey and in Herat during the of Hüseyin Baykara. Developments, which put their stamps on history took place particularly in literature, music and miniature, together with the developments in Islamic mysticism were seen in the period of Hüseyin Baykara, who will be mentioned in this article. Sultan Hüseyin Baykara, who had left his mark with his work “Collection of Poetry by Hüseyin Baykara” sponsored the art experts of the period. His close friend Ali Şir Nevayi was always with him and did not refrain to support with his best in this significant social and cultural development. Ali Şir Nevayi was able to put his stamp in the cultural history during this reign thanks to the recognition provided by Sultan Hüseyin Baykara, mentions the human aspects of Hüseyin Baykara and appraises him in his several works.

Al-Qaeda in the Process of Post-Cold War Globalization

Sefa YAYLA, — 2024-08-29

The end of the Cold War in 1990 remained the sole dominant force in the international international system. There was no second superpower balancing him. You can live in a transition period that can not live in the 90s. In the meantime, in the end of History and the clash of civilizations, such as the West-East or Christian-Islamic conflict has led to the perception. The bloody clashes and massacres in the Balkans, the first Gulf war, and the Palestinian expansion of Israel have led to an Islamic uprising. The perception that the western countries did not process on time and in time led to the pouring of their makeup on their faces. The Western expanded united Islam and the Eastern country united in one way and another way to the West, social, political, economics, health, such as responsible for the issue in places, the emergence of the west where the groups have led to radicalization of the groups. The ineffectiveness of globalization has accelerated this process and caused a reaction. We commented on what innovations the global communication has brought and how these innovations are interpreted in terms of how impressive and social structures are interpreted in the international community. Again, the extent to which terrorism has been carried out along with the process of globalization has been examined in terms of radical Islamic mass and elite. Although the victim of global communication is not the main source of terrorism, it hesitates in this room and the catalyst is broadcasted in its global center with the support of terror and the expansion of communication features.

Ankara Warfare By Ottoman and Timurlu Sources

Melike ERHAN, — 2024-08-29

ABSTRACT Timur has been a unique ruler with the victories he has won since the time period he started to appear on the scene of history. He started his dominance struggles in 1360 in Turkistan. Extends its borders to Iran, Afghanistan, India and the north to the Altınorda. XIII. In contrast to the power of the Anatolian Seljuks weakened from the middle of the 18th century, the Ottomans knew to benefit from the crisis period in Anatolia and succeeded in expanding the political sphere like Timur. During this period, there was Yıldırım Bayezid at the beginning of the Ottoman State. During this period, there was another strong Turkish ruler Yildirim Bayezid in Anatolia. When Yildirim Bayezid was in the Bitinya region, Timur's borders stretched to Anatolia. Of course, as a result of this situation, the Cihan dominated the claim that the two Turkish rulers brought to face. This regression had important consequences for Turkish History. The Turkish authority which was restored with the Ottoman in Anatolia was disrupted and the struggle for the throne among the members of the dynasty was experienced. These struggles passed to the history chronicles as a period of fetish. Although this period lasted for 11 years, its effect continued for many years. The fact that the period experienced before and after the Ankara War is reflected on the chronicles of the parties in different ways is natural. Keywords: Ankara War, Timur, Yıldırım Bayezid.

Political Participation And Views Of University Students On Political Participation: The Case Of Babaeski Vocational School Of Higher Education

Serdar CANBAZ,; Uğur EYİDİKER , Emel POYRAZ — 2024-08-29

Politics, which is a phenomenon that may be traced back to the beginning of humanity and collective living, is an important institution in almost all societies. Especially with the public administration approach that changed in the process after 2000, the demand of citizens to be more active in political life and more effective in processes of political decision-making has led the concepts of politics and political participation that cover the relationship between the individual and the state to be encountered frequently in the literature. Thus, the necessity of researching political participation is becoming significantly clearer. This study aimed to measure the political participation tendencies of young people who play an important role in political participation which is one of the criteria of democracy, and for this purpose, the study was conducted to determine the tendencies of the students of Kırklareli University Babaeski Vocational School of Higher Education towards political participation. The population of the study consisted of this school’s students. The questionnaire method was utilized as the data collection tool. The results were analyzed by using SPSS (20.0). The study consists of two parts. The first part of the study discusses the concepts of politics, political participation and democracy. The second part includes a literature review on the topic. The research question of the study, hypotheses, population and sample, sampling process, data collection instruments and statistical analysis methods are included in this section, and the section explains the findings of the study and provides recommendations. The study examined the relationship of the dimensions of individuals’ participation in political life with factors such as age, gender, income status, status of living in rural or urban places, membership of civil society institutions, as well as the dimensions of political participation. As a result of the study on the interest of university students in participating in political life, it was found that their participation levels differed based on some of their personal characteristics.

Examination Of Sub-Dimensions Of Dark Leadership

Akyay UYGUR,, Kübra GÜMÜŞTEKİN — 2024-08-29

The importance of the concept of leadership is not only limited to the employees and the organization, but it is of great importance as it reflects on the society. A dark side likely to occur in each leader will start from the leader-employee relationship and ultimately lead to the disadvantages of the organization. It is understood that the leaders, who are examined in the dark leadership and its sub-dimensions, perceived their employees as a robotic commodity rather than a social entity and shaped the behaviors of the leaders with this understanding. This situation threatens the continuity of the employees in the organization. This threat is not limited to employees, and the leadership types in the dark leadership and sub-dimensions can become a threat to the organizations' ability to continue their existence. This negative situation of the leaders on their organizations makes the inevitable investigation of the dark side of leadership. It is important to examine the dark leadership and its sub-dimensions in terms of the damages caused by the leaders. In this study conceptualizing sub-dimensions, such as coercive leadership, narcissistic leadership, paranoid leadership, emotionally-dependent leadership, passive-aggressive leadership, small tyranny, abusive management, toxic (leadership) leadership, destructive leadership, poor leadership, unethical leadership under the dark leadership title as a literature review. Throughout the study, the attitudes and behaviors of the leaders in their environment, which dark leadership and its sub-dimensions can be harmful to the employee and the organization, have been examined.

Fınancıal Performance Analysıs of Indıvıdual Pensıon Funds: A Case of Turkey

Aslı GEZEN,, Halis KALMIŞ — 2024-08-29

The high prosperity of individuals living in a country and the depth and sophistication of the capital market is one of the most important factors affecting the development level of the country. The amount of individuals' savings is one of the economic parameters of the country they live in. The individual pension systems, which started to be used as a supplement or alternative to social security systems around the world by the 1980s, allow individuals to generate additional income in retirement periods to achieve high levels of welfare. At the same time, individual pension systems contribute to the development and deepening of capital markets by transferring the savings of individuals to individual pension investment funds. There are many studies on individual pension systems that contribute significantly to the development levels of countries in the literature, but there is no study about the financial performance analysis of private pension funds in Turkey. So in the study; financial performance analysis of private pension funds in Turkey are made and it is aimed to determine the financial performance ranking of these funds both. In accordance with this purpose in order to compare the performances of private pension funds; Downstream Risk, Sharpe Ratio and Sortino Ratio measurements were used. When the analyzes were performed the financial performance ranking of the private pension funds, which consisted of 28 pieces and divided into 8 types, was calculated based on the period of 04.01.2010-31.12.2018.

The Problems External That Faced Rhetoric İn History

Mustafa İBİŞ, — 2024-08-29

In history rhetoric has has passed many stages. In each period, rhetoric has been dealt with a different methodology, which, inturn, has carried the traces of these periods within it. The writers that have made a mark on these periods made a great contribution to the development of this sience. Although itiş accepted tha these periods that passed through the rhetoric science has contributed in this science development, at the same time they have caused many problems. One aspect of these problems is the problems with setting up the subject of criticcism and evaluation within this science. Another aspect, which forms the phourpose purpose of our study, is the external problems.What makes them important for us in ouur viempoint, is, recently, the connection of these problems with the caıses of interruption and decline of rhetoricscience in history. The existece of such a connection ı’s normal and can exist in every language. It ı’s certain that any developed ar developing language ca be influenced by different facts. The problems dealt with here are the external problems of rhetoric science, which cause ambiguity, closeness and confusion to rhetoric. The reasons of these problems are related to many topics such as: The emergence of rhetoric science in varions envirnoments; The pioneers of this science are non-Arab scholars; the connection of rhetoric with the miracles of Holy Quran; the decline of Arabic literatüre; the influence of philosophy and philosophers on the retoric science alony with many other topics. The detection of these problems ı’s important ı’n order to understand the cause of malfunction of rehetoric science.

The Effect Of Excess Workload On Psychological Capital: A Research In The Transport Sector

Erman KILINÇ,; Feyza İNCEOĞLU , Kadir AKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between excess workload and psychological capital. Areas covered by the research, Malatya province, which is a public institution operating in the transport sector TCDD (Turkish State Railways of the Republic of Turkey) staff (n = 220) were obtained data through questionnaires. 27 of these data were eliminated because they were not suitable for evaluation. The remaining 193 data were analyzed and reliability, validity, multiple normal distribution, multicollinearity, and factor analysis were performed. After the analysis, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was established by AMOS 24 program. In the results of working; It was examined whether the excess workload has a negative impact on the sub-dimensions of psychological capital such as hope, self-efficacy, optimism and psychological resilience. As a result of YEM, the psychological resilience dimension with low value (p value) and 7 questions related to other dimensions were removed from the analysis and the model was improved. Goodness of fit of the model; CMIN / df: 1.467, GFI: 0.839, NFI: 0.851, CFI: 0.942 and RMSEA: 0.048. The findings were compared with the other studies in the literature.

Ceas In The Perspective Of European Migration And Asylum Policy

Beril HAKVERİR, — 2024-08-29

Migration movements, which have many effects around the world, have played a decisive role in inter-communal interactions and ensured that the communities which left their places carried their own material and spiritual elements to the new settlements. Especially, The European countries, which met the workforce needs with immigrants after the prohibition of human trafficking, have experienced migration traffic with the colonial countries as a target of huge migrantion flows throughout history. The concept of migration, which has many theories and views about, has evolved the state's policies by influencing the state's policies over time, as well as its sociological and psychological effects on people. Migration flows were followed by the states’ own national policies before the Community was established. However, some steps were taken regarding common policies in this period; various agreements were made between the states and various regulations were made for asylum seekers and refugees. After the countries gathered under the umbrella of the Union, immigration issues, like other issues, were transferred to unity management over time. With the establishment of the European Union, immigration policies were included within the founding treaties as well as the other policy areas. In the forthcoming period, policies on asylum and migration movements, which were within the scope of the treaties, required the establishment of new criteria. Thus, the European Union which recognized of the status of refugee by enacting the Dublin Statute , has begun to review its asylum systems while increasing border controls. Studies in this field have revealed the need for a new common trend. Therefore, in 1999, the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) was established due to the need in the determination of the minimum criteria for asylum. With the first phase of CEAS, which was completed within 1999-2005, minimum standards were set; in the second phase, full co-operation of the Union member states was aimed in the legal arrangements concerning the refugees.

The Impact Of Tourism Revenues On Macroeconomic Variables: The Case Of Turkey

Mehmet Ali POLAT, — 2024-08-29

Tourism sector, which entered into a process of rapid development with 1980’s in Turkey, has become an important sector with the Tourism Incentive Law No. 2634 which came into force in 1982. In this period, in order to improve and set tourism sector, important civil society organizations such as Turkey Union of Hoteliers (TÜROB), the Tourism Development Foundation (TUGEV), Turkey Travel Agencies Association (TÜRSAB) and the Turkish Tourism Investors Association (TYD) were established and in this context income from the sector has started to increase. The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of tourism revenues obtained in Turkey which has a highly tourism potential on macroeconomic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), economic growth and balance of current accounts. The impact of tourism revenues on GDP and balance of current accounts has been analyzed with the help of charts and tables created with the latest data from Central Bank of Turkey (TCMB), Worldbank and Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). It is understood as a result of the study that, tourism sector is an alternative to the industry and locomotive of economic growth and development in developing countries like Turkey. In this context, in order to increase tourism revenues, capacity and number of tourism companies has started to increase rapidly especially since 1992.

Kalkınma Planlarında Kültürel Miras: Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajansları 2014-2023 Bölge Planları

Gökçe ŞİMŞEK, — 2024-08-29

The importance of cultural heritage in development have been emphasized in last decades. The approach, that views development as a threat to degrade and damage heritage, is replaced by the approach that emphasize the role of cultural heritage as a driver of development. In case of the Paris Declaration, the importance of heritage as an aspect in the development process and its role in social cohesion, well‐being, creativity and economic appeal, which are the bases for the approach, are emphasized (ICOMOS, 2011). The impacts of cultural heritage for regional development are practiced through the projects implemented in some countries such as Russia, Germany, England and Turkey. At the practical level, the projects demonstrates that cultural heritage has positive effects for regional development such as the growth in business, increased private investment, and increased cultural infrastructure (Menteş, 2006; Abankina, 2013). On the other hand, the changes in social structures and increased expenses are viewed as negative outcomes of some projects (Abankina, 2013).

In Turkey, regional development agencies were set in 26 statistical regions at the NUTS-II Level according to the Law on the Establishment, Coordination and Duties of Development Agencies (Law No. 5449) that was adopted in 2006. Regional agencies are responsible for regional planning that is expected to provide the framework for development. Regional plans were generally prepared for two terms; the first term between 2010 and 2013 and the second term between 2014 and 2023. Thus, cultural heritage was evaluated in a new spatial context (regional scale) throughout the country, which has not been considered before.

The paper aims to analyze and understand how cultural heritage is included in regional planning through 2014-2023 regional plan reports. Twenty six regional plan reports prepared for the term 2014-2023 and published in the websites of Regional Development Agencies are analyzed in terms of six topics: current situation analysis, plan vision, development strategies, priorities, measures and performance indicators. Finally, it is suggested that regional policy making on cultural heritage should be considered through the “site management” approach in order to ensure sustainability of cultural heritage. Especially, it is recommended that the regional heritage management plan, which offers a road map for the conservation, development and management of cultural and natural heritage for the region, should be the basis for RDA’s plan. In addition, it is also recommended to establish an authority that is responsible for preparation and implementation of the regional heritage management plan, establishing a cooperation and coordination between different stakeholders and guiding Regional Development Agencies about regional development policy making on heritage.

The Origins Of Opposition Against The European Union In Turkey

İbrahim Çağrı ERKUL, — 2024-08-29

European Economic Community (EEC) could not be on Turkey's agenda densely before Turkey's application for membership of the EEC in 1959 and the Ankara Agreement signed in 1963. Especially after 1963, the EEC has entered the agenda of the country permanently. But this unique organization in Europe was not understood well by the public and politicians in Turkey. Therefore, so many problems has emerged in relations between Turkey and the European Union (EU). This study is also taking into account this argument to examine the opposition against the EU in Turkey on economic, political, sovereignty, historical, religious, cultural and nationalist basis between 1959 and 1990. In addition, opposition caused by the double standards which have been applied by the EU against Turkey and emerging reaction in Turkey against the EU and the accession process of the EU are also among the topics of this study.

The Role Of Export Incentives Of The Government For Smes In Local Economic Development: The Implementation In Kayseri

Erdinç TUTAR,, Nihal AKNUR — 2024-08-29

İn recent years the process of industrialization in domestic and foreıgn markets fort he production of the country plays an important role in the export.Kayseri is the majör exporters city in Turkey.İn Kayseri Kobi has export volume but the shortage of resources,lack of information ,is faced with competition restrictionsand quotas,and such problems adversely affect the export successs of exporters. İn this work Kobi,which is operating in Kayseri,state support and grants company knowledge level and utilization trends problems will examinıng with primarily litarature at been working on the next step will worked questionaire with exporters company data collected by SPSS program help analysis will be.

Psychooncology Applications For Cancer Patients

Deniz DOĞAN, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cancer patients with a holistic biopsychosocial approach. A total of 151 patients/ patients with cancer diagnosed as outpatients were included in the study. Data; Patient / Patient Relation History and Education Form, Mental State Examination (RDM) criteria, Stress Thermometer, Patient / Patient Relation Appointment Card, Training Materials were obtained from face to face interview sessions. Statistical Package SPSS 22.0 program was used in the analysis of this research, numerical data were analyzed by number-percentage distribution, chi-square and and spearman correlation analysis. Of the 151 patients in the study, 68.9% (n: 104) were female, 31.1% (n: 47) were male and the mean age was 51.6 ± 26.6 years. According to the findings; It was determined that the patients evaluated cancer as a negative stress factor, the cancer perceptions were associated with death, their anxiety was related to cancer diagnosis and treatment (prognosis), the cancer phenomenon was shaken and changed the dynamics of life due to the uncertainty in the treatment response due to physical disease, and the ones with the most adjustment disorder experienced. As a result, it can be said that individual psychological support and treatments are effective in adapting to the disease with the meaning and disease acceptance of the disease.

Visual Expression Of Complex Septoplasty Process In Nasal Surgery: Medical Illustration

Sefa Ersan KAYA,, Sevgi Soylu KOYUNCU — 2024-08-29

Art has guided societies directly or indirectly through the ages. Mankind has created the first form of communication by using simple images. These simple drawings, which are the first and most natural forms of visual communication, have gave rise to the emergence of new forms, the development of text, the increase of the knowledge and experiences to be shared and to be recorded. For this reason, mankind has created the book form and has got into looking for new order in this platform. As a result of these developments, has increased the need for illustration day by day because of to fill the resulting gap. Medical science has been an area where images have been used throughout the ages from the illustrations drawn on Egyptian papyrus to the post-Renaissance medical illustrations in the West. In this period, many medical physicians, scholars and artists made experimental anatomical studies. However, the turning point in the field of medical illustration was in the 19th century with Max Brödel. Brödel is the most important innovator of the modern medical illustration process in terms of both the institutionalization of the medical field and the expression power in the illustrations. These illustrations made using traditional techniques, have allowed to present very complex anatomy presentations using many different drawing layers at the same time to the illustrator with modern graphics software nowadays. In this article, chronological process in nasal septoplasty surgery is analyzed step by step with medical illustrations. Through this series of illustrations that belong to the author, the article provides a visual abstract of a comprehensive surgical case.

Geopolitical Theories and Strategic Depth Analiysis

Tugay ÇİÇEK, — 2024-08-29

Ahmet Davutoglu's strategic depth has been revealed as a source of the prescription of Turkey after 2001. After 2010 Turkey "Zero Problems With Neighbors" The policy is based on this geopolitical imagination. We work in Strategic Depth. We have tried to explain the difference between classical and critical geopolitical theories by revealing the difference between classical and geopolitical. After discussing the emergence of geopolitical theories, we applied a solution by combining the opposite situations. İn this respect, The end of history prepared a scientific basis for us to work with us by referring to the clash of civilizations and the statistical depth. Strategic depth, post-cold war process could read very well the changes in the international system and the resulting product is a notion that provide important data to Turkey the cold dynamic international system of globalization after the war have also enhances the interaction with the effect of new actors and factors have caused. These complex networks of relations have inevitably brought the nations into interdependence. Ahmet Davutoglu who was able to analyze the cold post-war system well static state in the Ottoman balance of elements outside the country of Turkey is considering revamping using the dynamics of the international system, we terminated our work by making strategic analysis of near shore MEMORY Caucasian In the light of the data here is by the strategic depth.

Development And Validation Of The Attitudes Toward Astronomy Scale

Nagehan DEMİR,, Fulya ÖNER ARMAĞAN — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to develop a valid and reliable attitude scale to determine attitudes towards astronomy. The study was carried out with 430 secondary school students in Kayseri in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the development of the scale, a pool of 43 items was created by taking advantage of the literature and taking the expert opinion in terms of scope validity. In order to test the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (AFA) was performed and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to determine the accuracy of the structure reached. SPSS-20 package program for AFA, AMOS program for DFA was used. Interpretation of the data obtained. 05 significance level was accepted. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin KMO value of the scale as a result of AFA. In 828, Bartlett5s test was found to be significant (p <.05). The scale has three factors that explain 58.62% of the total variance. Conformity indices obtained as a result of DFA uyum2 / sd = 3.161; RMSEA = .71; GFI = .87; AGFI = .84; CFI = .91 and NFI = .875. The item analysis of the scale was performed and item discrimination indexes (r) and item difficulty indices (P) of the items in the scale were calculated. Average item discrimination index of applied scale. 57 and the average item difficulty index is .52. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha value) of the scale is α = .956. As a result, the values obtained as a result of AFA, DFA, reliability analysis and item analysis show that the scale is valid and reliable to determine attitudes towards astronomy. The findings of the study were discussed and compared with the literature.

Press Council

Ahmet ÇİFTCİ,, Gözde DAL — 2024-08-29

Self-regulation is the system of self-monitoring of journalists by professional rules established by journalists. The aim of self-regulation is to ensure that the profession becomes more respectable and reliable and to try to minimize the intervention of the State in the press. Thus, press-publication, rights and freedoms within the boundaries of a professional organization will be used in a non-intervention. The conformity audit of the principles established is made by the Press Council. The most important and effective activity body of the self-regulation system is the Press Council. Bringing together journalists and people from certain parts of society, the Press Council ensures that self-regulation develops and becomes effective. The aim of the Press Council is to prevent any negative consequences arising from the press. In this way, it tries to solve problems within itself without external intervention. Turkey Press Council was created in order to improve the self-regulatory system is a matter of debate whether it is effective. With the Press Professional Principles, the effect of the system in the field will be emphasized. The subject of the article is self-regulation and the Press Council. The concept of self-regulation, the history and current status of the Press Council will be evaluated. The ideal self-regulation system and Press Council practices are the subject of this study.

The Effects Of Younger Dryas Period On Human Life In North Mesopotamia

Okşan BAŞOĞLU,, Mevlude SEVGİN — 2024-08-29

This thesis examines the climatic and environmental conditions, which are thought to have led to the transition from the Epi-paleolithic Age hunter-gatherer / roost-nomadic lifestyle to the Neolithic Period, from around 11700 to 10500 years ago. Our study examines the characteristics of the settlements, architectures and findings that reflect the daily life in the North Mesopotamian Region (Northern Syria, Northern Iraq and Southeast Anatolia) from the Aceramic Neolithic Period. It is tried to be evaluated on the basis of archaeological culture materials that we learn about daily life and nutritional economies of settled hunter-gatherer communities in Northern Mesopotamia region. As a result of our study, it has been observed that there is a decrease in plant and animal data forming nutrient economy during the Younger Dryas climate crisis during the transition to Neolithic period. This situation caused people to consume or save by consuming vital resources. This struggle against the relatively sudden climate and their survival efforts have been the triggers of change and transformation in their socio-economic and cultural life.

The Effects Of Core Exercise On Football Skills

İsmail ALPŞAHİN,, Bekir MENDEŞ — 2024-08-29

This study addresses the effects that an eight-week core strength exercise regime had on the football skills of male footballers aged 13 and 14. The study consisted of a working group (WG, n=20) and a control group (CG, n=20) aged 13-14. While the WG performed 30 minutes of core exercise for two days a week over a total of eight weeks in addition to their usual exercises, the CG was only asked to maintain the usual routine. Both groups underwent tests before and after the study to measure their body fat percentage, speed, and agility, as well as their dribbling and passing skills. To statistically analyze the data, the Variance Analysis Technique was applied to the repeated measurement trials. At the end of the study, the body weights and body fat percentages were found to be significant in favor of the WG. While there was no statistical significance regarding speed (30m), agility (zigzagging) and dribbling, the passing skill test was found to be significant in favor of the WG. As a result, it was concluded that core strength exercise yielded no significant change in the speed and agility performance values, or in dribbling skills, but had a significant effect on passing skills. We believe that it would be favorable to carry out more comprehensive studies on the issue, using different subject groups.