SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2018 Issue 23

INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND THE DARK STREET OF THE INTERNET; "DEEP WEB"

Abdülhakim Bahadır DARI, — 2024-08-29

The rapid developments in internet technologies put the internet in the center of our lives. Such that, internet, being one of the most effective means of communication with billions of users, is addicting us to itself more every day through the increasing number of users and fields of use. In fact, internet has stepped up to state of being our best friend, confidant and our often used reference book. In this manner, the purpose of the study is to bring out the dangers of such a common used tool as well as the conveniences. Herein, after reviewing the historical development process of internet, the dark side of the internet technologies, often referred to as “Deep Web” will be discussed. In this regard, the development, content, possible risks and dangers to be faced will be brought to surface.

MUSIC AND EMOTION RELATIONSHIP: UNDERSTANDING THE EMOTION IN MUSIC

Gökhan ŞAHİN, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of music on our emotions and how people perceive the emotional content of music. Theories in the literature studies are reviewed about how people perceive emotional content of music and collected works of this theories are represented. Additionally, in the light of this theories, differences between men and women about perception of emotion in the music and activations of brain in this continuum with brain monitoring methods are investigated generally.

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN INCLUSIVE CLASSES

Emrullah AKCAN,, İrfan BAŞKURT — 2024-08-29

Within the scope of this research, classroom management behaviour of teachers, who are working in inclusion applied classes, are analyzed. The methods that the teachers use the most were found by evaluating the five key dimensions of clasroom management in this context and examined, the findings were discussed and interpreted. In this study, case study method, which is a qualitative research method is used. Semi-Structured Interview Form developed by the researcher and Personal Information Form for the participants were used in order to collect data. In accordance with teachers' opinions who particpated in the survey, it was found that the physical structures of the students is the most important crieterion for physical arrangement of the class. On the other hand, it was discovered that teachers use daily life largely while preparing for the classes, implement different teaching methods in order to be efficient and productive in the classes, but do not implement Individual training plans for inclusive students. Finally, the teachers said that the principal source of problematic behaviors that disrupts the clasroom management is "families of the students" and they make face-to-face conversations with the students in order to solve these probematic behaviours.

EVALUATION OF "GRADUATES MEETING" ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SCHOOL CULTURE

Canan DEMİR YILDIZ,, Burhanettin DÖNMEZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the study is to identify the contributions of "graduate meeting" activity to organizational culture. For this purpose, the opinions of the graduates related to the "graduates meeting" which is arranged by educational instutitions. The research was carried out on a qualitative basis and by using quota sampling method, 10 graduates were chosen as participants. The data were gathered by using semi-structured question forms filled by the participants. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis technique. The data were analyzed in the basis of the questions in the forms and each question is accepted as a theme. As a result, "graduates meeting" can be said to act as an instrument and an action that transmits school culture. Also, with such kind of activities, school, as well as seeing a social function, madiates to social solidarity and welfare. This activity includes various opportunities for both graduates and students. Therefore, the administrators should behave more vulnurable in order to continue these activities. Therefore, it may be advisable that the activities of the graduate meeting take place regularly among the annual activity plans of schools. In terms of institutionalization, such kind of activities will be benaficial.

EVALUATION OF HEGEMONIA, INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISCIPLINE CONCEPT CONCEPT ON THE STATE

Adnan KARATAŞ, — 2024-08-29

It is accepted by many researchers and theorists that the concept of state is difficult to define and analyze. Moreover, many of the researchers make evaluations about the concept of the state without undertaking a definition and assigning a value to the state. In addition, some researches focus on the concept of the state and the political order and management from a rigid functionalist point of view. However, the nature, forms, functions and a specific definition of the state are still the most controversial issues. In such a case, it is without doubt that theories in the field of political science and political sociology cannot raise a holistic state theory. The most common point in this subject is the lack of Marxism even in the deficiencies of analyzing the state. At this point, the discourses of philosophers such as Antonio Gramsci, Michael Mann and Michel Foucault about state and power are very important. In the scope of this study, firstly the concepts of Antonio Gramsci, Michael Mann and Michel Foucault about power analysis were examined. Based on these concepts, state analyzes have been evaluated. It was examined whether these evaluations reached a dimension of state theory. Finally, it has been tried to determine how adequate these concepts are in analyzing the state. The findings of the study contribute to the literature in the field of state theories in various ways.

RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY

Ergün ŞİMŞEK,, Aydın OKUR — 2024-08-29

Just as energy is one of the basic needs for people to survive, it has also become an important indicator of the progress and prosperity levels within the countries. As each day fossil fuels are decreasing, their prices are unstable, and their damage to environment is increasing, countries are beginning to create renewable energy policies. As fossil fuel reserves of Turkey can not meet its own needs, it increases the dependence on foreign energy related with economic growth. Therefore, Turkey, which is party to International Covenants, has become under the obligation to pass renewable energy development policies from the fossil fuel-based development policy. In this study, long-term causal relationship between growth and renewable energy in Turkey is analyzed considering the years 1984-2016. Augmneted Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Kwiatkowski-Philips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger Causality test were used to test the causality between variables. To stabilize the data, by using ADF and KPSS tests, it was seen that they were stabilized when taking first degree differences. As a result of the Granger test, there was no causal relationship between renewable energy and GDP and between GDP and renewable energy.

THE SELECTION/DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES AND LANGUAGE SKILLS

Mehdi MUNTAZIR,, Muhammad ABDULLAH — 2024-08-29

The selection of appropriate academic material is one of the most significant academic measures exercised in the field of education. The seriousness of this phenomenon is increased manifold when it is the case of teaching and learning of a foreign/second language. English has gained the status of an important academic language (language of instruction) in Pakistan. Various English textbooks are being taught in different education systems in Pakistan. In the academic culture here, these textbooks are strictly followed by the teachers and learners. Present study has reviewed the significance of linguistic principles and language skills in the selection or development of textbooks. It is finally concluded that selection/development of the academic material (textbooks) in these perspectives may result into better teaching and learning of English language.

LANGUAGE AND CULTURE TRANSFER IN COMICS

Ali YAĞLI, — 2024-08-29

It is the story that the story comes into life in geometrical forms like squares and rectangles with its unique language and narrative features that come from comic book painting. Although it is often seen as a popular culture product, comic is now among the children's literature genres. In the comic book, as well as the daily language, exclamations, new words, sounds and special symbols are more common. The author narrates the story sometimes by herself and sometimes by the third person. In order to attract the attention of the reader during the drawing, film shooting techniques are frequently used. In comics, sometimes the picture in a frame is like a short summary of the event that can be explained in a few pages. The comic strips that are found in linear bands are, in a way, the transfer of cinema and theater to the book pages. Comic had taken on impressive role for societies, together with its language and culture regarding its political and economic condition. In our country, comic strips had played an active role on the Turkish readership with its language and culture since they had developed under the influence of foreign comics. In the 1930s, the translations of American comics were followed by comics in the French-Belgian school, translations were first published in children's magazines and later published in newspapers. In this study, the reflections of the political, social and cultural effects of this narrative genre in some countries will be examined, starting with its general features in the context of language-culture.

THE TRANSCRIPTION OF PALESTINE BOOKLET

Deniz AKPINAR, — 2024-08-29

History is a science that makes sense and illuminates the future of humanity when read with the integrity of time and space. When changes in time and space are properly reflected, history is good information that guides us. Similarly, the role and responsibility of the historian is very great in order to place the meaning of the past as a simple and accurate expression in the memory of the community. Otherwise, history does not go beyond ideological exaggerations and is an instrument that misleads societies. Palestine is in a geography that has a deep connection with our political, cultural and religious history. Because of these strong ties in history, Turkey's interest in this region continues with all its might. The Turkish-Palestinian solidarity, whose depth and power comes from history, also disturbs the forces trying to shape the Middle East. In the framework of imperialist regulations, asceticism, sectarianism and radical approaches are attempted to be spread in the societies of the Middle East. Again, the same forces are trying to prevent the search for peace and prosperity of these societies had in the past by exploiting the hate generated by the sacred values of societies. Mostly they try this by distorting information. They see the awakening of these societies and the acquaintance of their history in the right information more dangerous than the weapon for their imperialist interests. At this point our historians are needed as well as an army and their weapon. The societies that will be familiar with the simplicity and beauty of the truth will unite under the banner of reunification, peace and prosperity. Then, instead of bitter disputes and conflicts, they become a force that everyone, like other unions, can easily travel and develop cultural and commercial relationships. With production and social justice they will have the opportunity to reach the level of the most advanced countries at that time. The forces that can not stand the re-imagination of this situation will be defeated by the truth of knowledge. Here, this small but significant work was attempted to contribute to the enlightenment of such a horizon. This small work called Palestine Risale (booklet) from the year 1915 is an important work in terms of content and meaning. This booklet was prepared and published in 1915 by the 8th Army of the Turkish Army. The 8th Army Commander Mersinli Cemal Pasha and Ahmet Cemal Pasha, the governor of Syria, had this work prepared. The preparation of this work aimed at the simple realization of possible military operations. Although it is prepared with military thinking, it contains important historical, geographical, religious, ethnic, administrative and political information about the region. It is also important to reflect the thoughts, emotions and accumulations of the past century. In addition, it is a document to understand the zeitgeist of historical research and to access the right information. I think it's a work that we can read in the taste of a story with its simple language and narration that allows us to travel to the climate and spirit worlds of the past. This study is a true transcript study. Words and sentences were respected. In this way, the reader should be informed about the language and the style of the epoch, and the world of science should benefit from an original document. In this work titled Palestine Risale (booklet) important information was given about the geographic and demographic structure of the region and its historical, religious and cultural structure. To solve the current problems in the region, important historical facts have been revealed. On the other hand, I think that it is one of the works that have to be considered in terms of the history of religions in terms of mentioning the demographic category by dividing them into religions and sects. It is possible to find out how the region has hosted settlements since the beginning of human history and how they persist there. Turkish peace and tranquillity have been prevalent in Palestine for four hundred years. This work is also proof of this peace. The work, Palestine Risalesi (booklet) has been utilized by supplying from Digital Archive and E-Resources Department of İ.M.M. Ataturk Library.

IMPACT OF MARKETING EXPENDITURES ON FIRM PROFITABILITY: A RESEARCH ON BİST TOURISM SECTOR

Sadık SERÇEK,, Sevim BAKIR KAYA , Ismail KALASH — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of “Marketing Expenses” on firm profitability. The study uses data belonging to 10 firms, which are traded in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) in the period of 2012-2015. Marketing expenditure indicators (the ratio of marketing expenses within net sales and the ratio of marketing expenses within operating and sales costs) were used as independent variables in the study. Debt ratio (BO) and firm size (FB) are included in the analysis as control variables. Dependent variable (operating profitability ROA, return on equity ROE, operating cash flow ratio FNA) was used. According to empirical analysis results, there is a statistically insignificant relationship between marketing costs and profitability. In other words Marketing costs do not affect the profitability of the company. Therefore, marketing expenses of firms do not contribute to increase profitability.

A TRAGIC SELFHOOD TRIAL WITHIN EXISTENTALIST CONTEXT OR THE STORY TO THE ROOM NINETEEN BY DORRIS LESSING

Abdulhalim AYDIN, — 2024-08-29

In most of Lessing’s stories two main themes are handled within problematic context: feminism and the will to reach existentialist integrity which may be regarded as the endeavor to construct the subjective identity. The main concern of her stories deals with the problems the woman – whom she thinks is exposed to sexual discrimination as an individual- experiences through her bonds with the family, society and the life in wider terms. Within this context, Susan can be perceived as in the middle of existentialist problems such as alienation to oneself, meaning complication, inability to establish a steady relationship with the object and entity, anxiety of inability to establish subjective and individual integrity. Following the existentialists from a narrow path so far, Susan, without being able complete the existentialist processes of Sartre’s ‘self realization’ and Camus’s ‘reaching absurdity in consciousness, ends up committing suicide at the cost of acting against existential behavior.

MEDICAL ERRORS: CAUSES AND SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS

Serpil ÇELİK DURMUŞ, — 2024-08-29

Nowadays, patient safety is one of the most actual and important issues dealt with in the quality of health care. Preventing medical errors in every stage of health care delivery and patient safety is among the basic applications. Medical error is defined as an incompleted planned action with an unexpected outcome or making a wrong plan in order to reach a goal. According to the Institute of Medicine's 1999 report, 45,000-98,000 people died in the United States due to medical errors. According to recent research, in the United States every year, 251,000 people face medical errors. In the United States, medical errors accounted for 9.5% of deaths and were the third most common cause after heart disease and cancer. In other developed countries, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany and the United Kingdom, it is stated that the damage caused by medical errors is the same. Despite the fact that there is still no clear data on medical errors in our country, it is estimated to be at a level to be considered. Health workers are resistant to reporting errors. Health care workers, especially doctors who are reluctant to report medical errors, show that the notification systems do not provide the desired results. In many countries, the use of a medical error reporting system in hospitals is less than 10%. Even if medical errors are reported, hospitals fail to prevent re-occurrence of errors. The general risks of medical errors for patient safety are listed; excessive workload and fatigue, invasive procedures, infections, patient falls and pressure ulcers. As a result, all the barriers must be overcome to reduce medical errors and increase the patient safety. Today, the faster developing information technology can reduce errors. In studies, electronic medical records, electronic prescription, barcraft coding and drug support systems are shown that efficient. In addition, the establishment of the active feedback system is great importance to improve the healthcare professionals, to the development of employees, to develop strategy and solution proposals for the prevention of the managers.

THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION ON UNEMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Doğan BARAK,, Bekir ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

Today, the importance of energy increases day by day, energy is an important part of the country’s economies. Therefore, there are many studies focusing on the relationship between energy consumption-economic growth and energy production-economic growth. Unlike these studies our study was investigated the impact of electricity production (electricity generation from renewable and non-renewable sources) on unemployment. For this purpose, the impact of electricity production on unemployment is investigated via ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) approach by using Turkey’s annual data for the period 1991-2016. According to the findings, it is concluded that there is a long-term relationship between the variables. In the short term, the impact of electricity generation from non-renewable and renewable sources on unemployment is insignificant at the level of 5% in the current period. In the long term, the impact of electricity generation from non-renewable sources on unemployment is insignificant. On the other hand, the impact of electricity generation from renewable sources on unemployment is quite significant and negative. Therefore, the investments of policy makers in renewable energy sources will be effective in reducing long-term unemployment rate in Turkey.

COMPARISON OF THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN THE STUDENT’S WHO SETTLED WITH STUDENT SELECTION EXAMINATION AND THE STUDENTS WHO SETTLED WITH NON-EXAM BASED TRANSITION SYSTEM IN THE VOCATIONAL HIGHER SCHOOLS AFFILIATED TO VAN YUZUNCU YIL UNIVERSITY

Abdullah OĞRAK, — 2024-08-29

The investigation was carried out in order to make a comparison of success rates of students entering to Occupational High Schools affiliated to YYU both through ÖSS points and occupational secondary education withoutany rating.For this reason,these students within the context of two different status were analized in terms of status were analized in terms of status academic sucesses based on school transcripts.Data obtained were statistically evaluated.

ACCORDING TO EROL GÜNGÖR THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND THE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES AGAINST THE WEST

Neşide YILDIRIM, — 2024-08-29

Erol Güngör, one of the important Turkish intellectuals of the twentieth century, left behind important works with separate prescriptions, despite his short life span. One of them is the work of "Today's Issues of Islam". His first work, published in 1981, shows the scientific and political structure of the Islamic world, its cultural development and its social situation. On the one hand, he examines them using the method of historical investigation as analyzed by Ibn Haldun and on the other hand using the information in the Islamic world at the scientific and social level of the twentieth century. His assays are shedding light on day-to-day and, like other works, this work is also updated and important. While the Islamic world and the Middle East countries were among the traditionalist societies in the face of the Western world that dominated our age and the civilization it represents, it has gradually developed in the understanding of the Western model. As in all traditionalist societies, the issue of how to move to the Western model in Islamic countries was discussed for a long time. According to Güngör, the movement to return to the foundations of Islam exceeded national borders. This movement has developed as a multi-centered and been continuing so on. Although it may seem like a new event due to misunderstandings of Westerners and some circles in the Middle East, it is actually a movement to return to its roots, and it tends to show improvement so. This assay aims to analyze the Islamic world in particular the situation of the Middle East, historical process and present events from the social side in the light of Güngör's work.

REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NO. 6360: KIRIKHAN (HATAY) EXAMPLE

Murat TEK,, Burak KARAOĞLAN — 2024-08-29

The Metropolitan Law No. 6360 has paved the way for significant changes on the basis of local administrations, as in almost all areas. The law has become the focus of debate on many topics, both in the preparation and acceptance process. The radical aspect of the law is that in all the big cities, the existence of special provincial administrations is abolished and the legal entities of the villages and municipalities are removed and transformed into a municipality neighborhood. Managing the whole province with a municipal model, which is a local government unit, caused great problems in the provinces. With this study, it is aimed to measure and evaluate the reflection of the Law No. 6360 locally. Before and after the law numbered 6360, the general condition of Hatay Province and Kirikhan districts was examined. With this Law, interviews with Mayor, mukhtar, politicians, civil society organization and local press representatives have been conducted and the results have been evaluated qualitatively.

OPINIONS OF FRENCH TEACHER CANDIDATES FOR COPY

Dilber ZEYTİNKAYA, — 2024-08-29

At every stage of education, the problem of copying is the most common problem. In addition to being a serious educational problem, it can also be said that it is a moral problem. The aim of the proposed study is to determine the attitudes of the French teacher candidates to the copying behavior and to present the solution to this problem in order to remove the copy. The study's universe constitutes the students of the Marmara University, the Faculty of Atatürk-Eğitim, the French Language Education Department. Forty-five randomly selected students from the first and second years represent the sample of the researcher. It is aimed to determine the opinions of French Language Education students about copying, to try to determine the reasons for making a copy and to suggest some solutions to avoid the problem of copying. The widespread problem of copying became an inspiration to this research. It is believed that the data obtained from the study will be useful to those who will work in this area and will encourage researchers to search for relevant field solutions.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOBBING AND ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE: A FIELD RESEARCH IN TOURISM SECTOR

Hüseyin ÇİÇEKLİOĞLU, — 2024-08-29

Employee factor takes place at the forefront in today’s world being a global village. Employees who interact with many organizational and environmental factors in working life are more sensitive than other peoples because of structure of the human as biological and psychological. Ensuring continuity in the organization depends on stable of human factor as well as many of production inputs. To succeed sustainable rivalry, organizations have to care about mobbing and organizational silence phenomenons which are among the leading factors including negative effect for both individual and organization and can put the business into danger unless measures are taken. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between mobbing and organizational silence. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 130 employees working in a five-star hotels located on the Mediterranean coast. The results obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS. Mobbing scale (LIPT) consisting of 42 items, which was developed by Leymann (1990) and organizational silence scale consisting of 18 items, which was created by Kahveci and Demirtaş (2013) was used to collect data.

HISTORICAL NARRATIVE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO MODERNITY IN ANAR|’S CREATIVITY

Elnara MAMEDOVA, — 2024-08-29

The article deals with Anar's creativity, a prominent representative of Azerbaijani literature in modern time. Here, the main topics of the writer are emphasized "modernity" and "history". While Anar focuses on more modern eras and modern heroes in his works, historical time and historical heroes are reflected in many of his works. The author explored the book of "Kitabi-Dede Gorgud" as one of the historical epos that attract Anar’s attention. On this subject, Anar has created works in several genres: narrative, script, essay, article, etc. As a result of the research, the author of the article reveals some of our contemporary problems in these works, which have been mentioned in ancient time. The author of the article observes the coordination with modernity also in Anar's essay "Understanding prblem" devoted to the great Azerbaijani writer Jalil Mammadguluzadeh. And he comes conclusion that historical narrative show itself in different genres in Anar's creativity. The retrospective view of the writer to the historical period, the fate of people and his prominent representatives gives opportunity to illuminate modern problems. This feature shows itself in all historical works of Anar, both in artistic prose and in publicity.

VIABILITY OF THE HOBBY STORE BUSINESS MODEL FOR NEW ENTREPRENEURS THE CASE OF BARRANQUILLA, COLOMBIA.

Andres VİUCHE, — 2024-08-29

Nowadays, the term “Entrepreneur” is very popular which is also reflected by how many universities around the world started to open entrepreneurship branches. One of the first definitions that can come to our mind about the term is; “the person who creates a new business”, we studied, however, theories and definitions from different authors to get a global idea of what builds the entrepreneur’s criteria. In this thesis, we studied the entrepreneurial process of individuals, and conclude that variables like your family, friends and the neighborhood where individuals grew up are important to the development of an entrepreneur. Also, we analyzed the process to create an entrepreneurial project in the thesis. Eight Colombian’s entrepreneurs were interviewed to analyze the research questions to identify the scopes, the strengths and weaknesses of the interviewed business men to find the requirements to start an entrepreneurial business in order to create a connection with the customer creating ideas, plans and developing the entrepreneurial business. Finally, we summarize and analyze to understand the trends and similarities of their experiences. In this thesis, we study terms, models, and authors to find information for new entrepreneurial businesses in Barranquilla, Colombia (and probably in other places). The information gained by the interviews wants to give a global picture of an entrepreneurial project, then we analyze the viability of an entrepreneurial project that is exposed in the recommendations. In conclusion, this thesis will give information to possibly new entrepreneurs in order to understand the concept of entrepreneurship. The thesis aims to be a guide to undertake the first steps of their projects since the data gathered is based on the knowledge of people who created an entrepreneurial business before.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN A PUBLIC INSTITUTION

Muhammed DEMİRALP,, R. Dilek KOÇAK — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational trust concepts. The sample of the research consists of 450 employees working in a public institution. Within the scope of the survey; questions are about the measuring demographic characteristics, personnel empowerment scale and organizational trust scale. Cronbach's Alpha reliability analysis resulted in a high degree of confidence in the outcome measures. Correlation analysis was used to measure the relationship between variables, and regression analysis was used to measure causality. According to the findings of the research; There is a meaningful relationship between personnel empowerment and organizational trust. It is seen that meaning, autonomy and effect dimensions other than competency, which is the sub-dimension of personnel empowerment, have a meaningful relationship with organizational trust. The findings are thought to guide to managers who want to carry out personnel empowerment work in public institutions.

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOBBING AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP: A RESEARCH ON PUBLIC EMPLOYEES IN KARAMAN PROVINCE

Hakan CANDAN,, Tuba Perihan KAYA — 2024-08-29

This study investigating the relationships between the mobbing and organizational citizenship behavior variables, which are the subjects of management psychology that have gained importance in recent years due to the effects of employees on productivity and performance, has been conducted on 164 public employees working in Karaman province. The data collected by using the sample method and the survey technique were analyzed through SPSS package programs. According to the results of the analysis; it was found that public employees had a very low level of mobbing (Ẍ=1,29) and high level of organizational citizenship behavior (Ẍ=3,89), and that there was a moderate and negative relationship (r=-0,150) between mobbing and organizational citizenship behaviors. It has been determined that the quality of life and the mobbing attacks related to the profession affect the organizational citizenship behavior positively and moderately (β=0,288). It was determined that mobbing attacks on health affect the organizational citizenship behavior in a negative and moderate level (β=-0,246). It was determined that dependent variable organizational citizenship behavior was explained by independent variable mobbing at 9.2% (R2 = 0.092). Demographic variables, mobbing and organizational citizenship behavior is not a significant relationship between the findings obtained as a result of the research.

SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL KONYA HOUSES BELONGED TO LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD

Süheyla BÜYÜKŞAHİN SIRAMKAYA, — 2024-08-29

Along historical periods human being fulfilled his need of shelter, as one of basic needs, firstly in caves, later in tent along his nomad life and in houses when he adopted a settled life. House typologies, showing distinctness depending on geography and culture, always happened to be research subject to many disciplines such as architecture, sociology, psychology, etc. via the change they pass through historical process. Traditional Konya house – as a part of the traditional Turkish house classified with different plan typologies such as plan types without sofa, with outer sofa, with inner sofa, with middle sofa – is grouped as houses with inner sofa and houses with hayat. The review, analysis and documentation of traditional house typologies in house architecture which is in a perpetual change in the context of spatial quality, needs and relationships, is important because of its contribution to the literature. The studies in the area of space morphology investigating the relationship of spaces with each other, the forms in which they come together and their spatial analyses in architecture increase in number especially specific to houses and improve themselves with new techniques. Space Syntax analysis as one of morphological analysis methods is also a research method used with the aim of determining the effect of life styles – emerged based on the cultural differences between societies – on spatial organization. In this study, which aims to analyze traditional Konya houses belonged to late Ottoman period morphologically, the spatial relations will be analyzed on the houses handled in scope of the study by Space Syntax. It’s being a periodical determination study from the point of the examples it analyzed makes the study worthwhile.

LITERATURE REVIEW: PLANNED BEHAVIOR THEORY AND BEHAVORAL ECONOMICS

SARA ONUR,, Süreyya KIRIKCI — 2024-08-29

As a result of the award of the Nobel Prize in Economics to Richard H. Thaler last year, the focus of Thaler’ s work is on “Behavioral Economics”. In the evolution of psychology, which is directly related to the spirit world of man, his pat crosses with other disciplines such as sociology and economics. Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, who said “man must manage his house with his heart, his job with his brain” and he has made a clear distinction between psychology and economics for the individual. However, the relationship betweet two disciplines are difficult and quite comprehensive for a society, albeit small and easy space fort he individual. In our study, we examine the Theory of Planned behavior and the Development of Behavioral Economics in the literature.

REFLECTIONS OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE IN DEDE QORKUT STORIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY

Burak GÖKBULUT,, Mustafa YENİASIR — 2024-08-29

Dede Qorqut Stories have a great importance in Turkish history, culture and literature and it is one of the most important touchstones of the Turkish culture and literature. This work gives us very precious informations regarding many aspects of Turkish life such as Turkish State structure, social life and norms, customs and traditions, war tactics, their huntings, their eating and drinking cultures, family structures etc. and in the light of this information it leads to all of the Turkish tribes. The aim in this article is to be able to determine, how and to what extent Dede Qorqut Stories - which is one of the most precious common values of Oguz life and Turkish World - would have an impact in the Turkish Cypriots culture and life and their reflections. In the determination and assessment that we will perform in this examination, we will try to compare the cultural and social structure of Turkish Cypriot public and to reveal their similarities with Dede Qorqut Stories. The elements such as family relations, marriage, neighborhood, hospitality, customs and traditions, hunting, eating and drinking cultures, religion and beliefs, traditions, professions, dream patterns, epic narrating tradition, formal numbers, equipment and goods, social solidarity, musical instruments, games etc. will be detected and tried to be evaluated. The study concluded that the Turkish Cypriots carried and maintained many elements from the old Oguz life.

EVALUATION OF THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION GUIDANCE SERVICES

Ertuğ CAN, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to make a general evaluation of the guidance service regulation amended in November 2017. This research is a review work. Documents have been reviewed and reports and online sources, especially in the context of changing regulations, utilized within the scope of literature review method. According to the research findings, together with the legislative amendment, the definition of "guidance teacher" was used instead of the definition of "guidance teacher (psychological consultant)" and significant changes were made in the duties of the guidance teachers. It is seen that guidance counselors are given exam, supervision and watch duty assignments, and by changing their work permits and hours, now they can be given additional tasks in the field and course selection with the preferential counseling during leave and holiday periods. In addition, guidance teachers have been given the task of visiting the students at home or in the hospital, as well as the educational, vocational and personal/social guidance activities carried out at the guest houses, in order to carry out special knowledge and skills services in the field of guidance. The findings of the research reveal that guidance services are now based on guidance rather than counseling. These arrangements can lead to inconsistencies between practice and legal regulations in guidance services. Giving guidance counselors examinations and watch duties can cause adversities in the conduct of guidance services. The purpose and scope of school guidance and psychological counseling services, pre-service and in-service training of the counselors, title and personal rights of the counselors need to be reevaluated and developed in terms of professional qualifications of personnel to perform these services. For this purpose it may be beneficial to use the views of field experts, parents, teachers, students and university representatives and non-governmental organizations.

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN SERVICE COMPANIES

Mustafa TANDOĞAN, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to evaluate main problems under the frame of protection and development which are some of the most important human resources management functions in tourism enterprises. In this context, previous studies were examined and the problems in tourism enterprises such as work-workforce safety and health, protection of legal rights of employees and work life health, employee development and enhancement were explained in detail as separate subtitles. Also the role of human resources management unit’s importance in problem solving process was emphasized. Lastly, under the frame of general evaluation explanations, a brief view to the problems in the process is provided and several research suggestions were given about the subject.

NEW FINDINGS AND ANCIENT GENOME STUDIES IN PALEOANTHROPOLOGY

Nevin GÖKSAL,, Hakan YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

This study is a compilation of articles published in paleoanthropology between 2015 and 2017 in the journals of Nature, Science, Science News, Discover, General Anthropology, and Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. From discovery of North America by Platyrrhini, to the earliest evidences of fire use in Europe; from the emergence and spread of Homo neanderthals in Europe to the ancient genome studies showing the genetic relationship between Homo neanderthals and Homo sapiens, many subjects were compiled. Europe is an important region related to Neanderthal and early modern human communities. Therefore, data on Neanderthal and early modern human communities in this continent in recent years have been tried to be collected. The new datings obtained by using Carbon-14 and ancient genome studies were also compiled in this study. This study was prepared in order to transfer the importance of discoveries in paleoanthropology to general reader and specialized readers, and eliminate the deficiencies in this matter.

MAGIC DOCUMENT PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ADMISSION, DEVELOPMENT AND II. ABDULHAMID PERIOD

Erkan ÇİÇEK, — 2024-08-29

Since its founding in the nineteenth century, the photography, which has been going through a change and transformation from a technical point of view, has reached the point of being an interdisciplinary device or an industrial machine. In fact, photography as a plastic art was taken from the pre-admission of art education and all kinds of societies and the universe; It is possible to say that it has an important function in preparing the individual for life. In fact, the word the moment an, which is used in the simplest and the most literal sense, has met many needs since the day it was used. Today, photography, which has become useful in all disciplines, besides art; health, engineering, clothing, food and etc... have become functional in all areas.

The temporal parallelism between the revival of the Ottoman Empire and the introduction of the Ottoman Empire in the search for closely following the age of the Ottoman sultans seeking to maintain the spirit of time and the pursuit of space in a wide geography coincide with the same period. The search continued for about 100 years. Calendar-i Vekayi newspaper published on October 28, 1839 in Istanbul announced the discovery of the photograph and the user guide of this tool. This is the first acquaintance of the Ottoman in the written sense of photography. One year after the Ottoman declaration, the French painter Vorace Vernet, Charles Marie Bouton and Frederic Goupil Fespuet, who went on a world tour in 1940, visited Izmir (Syria, Damascus, Alexandria, Cairo, Sinai, Palestine). . In this context, the photographers, who reached Izmir and Istanbul one year after the date the camera was announced to the world, photographed Anatolia for the first time and made a note of this history.

In this study; The Ottoman Empire in the sultans II. Abdulhamid period, the support and importance given by him to art has been examined and interpreted on selected photo works. The sultan, who protected the artist and the art in his period.; At the same time he was also very interested in photography.

As a result; We can conclude that the effect of the art of photography, which is on the path of institutionalization within the Ottoman state, has the effect expected in Turkey and abroad. II. Abdulhamid, especially with the importance he gave to photography, while making propaganda of the Ottoman state abroad, on the other hand, he took photographs of places he couldn't go to because he didn't have a chance to reach any where in the country and followed the developments in the Empire in this way. Thus, the acceptance of the Magic document photograph in the Ottoman State, the development has created the expected effect.

ADVERTISING VALUE IN THE CONDITION OF VALUES: ADVERTISING COMPOSITIONS CONCERNED WITH VALUE, IDEOLOGY

Murat ÖZDEMİR, — 2024-08-29

Consumption madness, which begins with globalization, is the most basic factor for the continuity of the liberal economy. Consumption is not only provided by consumed objects; emotions, pleasures, beliefs, values, norms, ideologies are consumed through consumption objects. Today, the consumed object is consumed over the values it carries rather than its functional role. In short, the consumption object has to appeal to their emotions, pleasures, ideas, beliefs, values, ideologies, both functionally meeting the expectations of the consumers and linking them with the target mass. In order to create this, the consumption object needs to take on a personality. Thus, they communicate with the personality and target mass that they have and direct their decision-making processes in consumption. Advertising is the most effective way to create personality in consumer objects. A message is sent to the consumer with the ads and the consumer who earned it with the ads, and these messages provide the connection with the consumer. This makes it easier for consumers to choose. Strategies used in the context of the consumption objects and the expectations of the consumers are solved through the values uploaded to the objects. In this frame, advertisements are influential in the formation of personality, but also create new personal forms, emotions, self-awareness, thoughts, and understandings with the values offered to consumers. In this context, this study focuses on the social and individual outcomes of the values created on the consumer through advertising. The value molds have an important place in the personality of individuals. In this context, the negative effects of the values that the advertisements create on the personality of the individuals are examined and the social political context is examined.

GIYASEDDİN KEYHÜSREV II. COINS IN KARS MUSEUM

Yusuf ÇETİN,, Mesut ÖZAYDIN — 2024-08-29

In the period of II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev, which was the head of the state after Aladdin Keykubad, the state reached its largest borders in the east and Kars and its environs became the Anatolian Seljuks land for a short time in this period. II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev minted coins as a symbol of independence like the sultans who preceding him. These coins were minted in Sivas and Konya and differs from other sultans’ coins with their figural embellishments. The coins minted in Sivas and Konya during this period have different characteristics. Although these coins are about the same size and grams in thickness and weight, they differ in terms of the engravements on them. While cufic was used as the typeface on the coins minted in Sivas, thuluth calligraphy was used in the coins minted in Konya.The most significant depiction engraved on Gyaseddin Keyhüsrev II. coins in Kars Museum is the lion figure carrying the sun on his back, known as “Şir ü Hurşid” and being the symbol of the sultan. “Şir ü Hurşit” depiction is also depicted on the coins of II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev period. On the front face of all the coins in the museum are engraved the name of Abbasid caliph, while the titles of sultans or their fathers’ names are engraved at the back face. The presence of these coins in Kars and its surroundings is thought to be of two different possibilities. The first possibility is the existence of coins in this region due to the political activities of the Anatolian Seljuk State in Kars and its surroundings. The second and higher possibility is that Kars and its surroundings were located on the Silk Road and that the Anatolian Seljuk State had a dominant role in trade during this period as a result of which the coins were transferred via trade.

FROM YOKE TO LIBERATION: ATROCTIY BY ARMENIANS IN OLTU

Erdal AYDOĞAN, — 2024-08-29

The results of Berlin Treaty and Treaty of San Stefano, which was concluded earlier, after 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian war, also known as The ’93 war, was totally a devastation for Ottoman Empire; they resulted in critical territorial concessions and substantial amount of compensations. These territorial concessions mostly involved Kars-Ardahan- Batum and nearside, known as Elviye-i Selase. After First World War, the resistance and organisation of the local community agains the yoke, which would take approximately forty years, and invasion proceeded to another stage; Through Şüra, a type organisation, civilias fighted against invasions and attacks of Armenians. Local community, who strengthened thanks to the support of Azerbaijan Turks against intimidation plan and programme operated by Armenians with the help and support of Russians against Muslims and Turks in Eliviye-i Selase, firstly formed Cenub-i Garbi Kafkas Government in Kars. However, this government was overthrown by the British invasion, These issues paved way for formation of a new government in Oltu , part of Cenub-i Garbi Kafkas; Oltu Şüra Government was founded. The British and Armenians tried to overthrow this government, as well , but they failed; nevertheless, they tyrannized local community harshly.

THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE ESTABLISHED BY THE STATE IN THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD KAYSERİ SÜMERBANK FABRIC MILL

Yaşar SEMİZ,, Güngör TOPLU — 2024-08-29

The Sumerbank Kayseri Fabric Factory was established within the scope of the First Five-Year Industrialization Plan (1934). The factory, which was decided to be constructed completely for the processing of domestically produced cotton, was designed with the reinforced concrete and load-bearing composite wall construction techniques in the Soviet Union and decided to be established with the loan of 8.5 Million Turkish Liras, which was borrowed from the same country. The foundation of the factory, which was the first important work of the Turkish-Soviet (Russian) friendship and decided to be established under the guidance of the experts from the USSR, was laid by Prime Minister İsmet İnönü on 20 May 1934. The factory was completed in 16.5 months and opened on 16 September 1935 with the participation of the Minister of Economy Celal Bayar and the guest technical delegation from the USSR (Russia). Sümerbank Kayseri Factory, which was established to produce popular type, cheap cotton fabric and yarn, had a total area of 922,500 m2 of which a part of 218.000 m2 was a closed area, which is composed of auxiliary buildings, warehouses and social facilities such as enterprise, Directory, Repair Shop and Power Plant. In the year of its opening, there were two thousand five hundred male, four hundred female workers and 155 civil servants working in the factory. The factory processed about 7600 tons of cotton and produced 23,628 spindles and 5,750 tons of yarn, 1,028 weaving looms and 18 thousand 364 meters of fabric. Sümerbank Kayseri Fabric Factory, which initiated the industrialization movement in Turkey and was the first facility built by the state, is a work of a great revolution as its period of establishment and the location. Its construction objective and economic and social function are directly related to the attempts of the Turkish Republic to nationalize and develop with government support. Hence, the facility is not only based in Kayseri, also gives an opportunity to make a overall assessment about the 'Modern Turkey' that was attempted to be created in that period.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SUBLIMINAL MESSAGES FROM “WAKFU” CARTOON TO ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Ali YAĞLI,, Fatma ERDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

The preschool period, when the child needs help, imitates the behaviors around him, that is, he seeks role models, has been the subject of many researches. Because pre-school children do not know how to read and write, events held during this period that appeal to different senses affect not only the motor development but also the educational development of the children positively. Children, in this phase, are shaping themselves as they want them to, and they realize that they have learned and seen the world they are entering into real life. While learning new information with the help of visual perception, they are beginning to develop the world of imagination in this direction. So, thanks to the universe in cartoons, the world of the child is changing in a way and its lifestyle is shaped by cartoons. The Wakfu cartoons, composed of 27 French-made episodes, have been broadcast on television channels in many European countries, although they do not contain large subliminal messages. The story begins with the arrival of special powers that a child named Yugo recognizes in his later years. Like her other cartoon heroes, she has a magical scepter and accompanying companions. They often battle against dry creatures, dragons and other creatures in their adventures. Magic, magic and violence are among the indispensable parts of every episode. In this study, the subject cartoon with intense subliminal messages was examined and the possible negative contributions to the psychological, social and cultural development of the children were examined.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES IN THE PROMOTION OF THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES OF KAZAKHSTAN: A SAMPLE REVIEW ON KAZAKH KHANATE

Aigul MAZHİYEVA, — 2024-08-29

Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the states in the region which became independent after the dissolution of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Recently made studies about the country suggested that Kazakhstan has an image problem and it’s needed to develop the country image. By giving importance to this issue in the country it’s tried hard on enhancing the country image in recent years. Kazakhstan has a unique culture and rich historical-cultural values. By introducing these richnesses of Kazakhstan to outer World better, it will be possible to reshape the country image and increase the interests of foreigners to the country. For this purpose, it can be reached to efficiency in country promotion with planned public relations studies to be made. Thus, it’s seen that gradually increasing importance to public relations studies is given in the country to introduce the country to outer world. But there is need to further initiatives of the country in this field. Efforts made in this direction should continue increasingly. 7The study prepared with the descriptive survey model aims to contribute to the literature.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF ETHICS IN THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOURS ON PURCHASING INTENTION

Hülya AYGÜN, — 2024-08-29

Businesses that want to succeed in a highly competitive environment are trying to influence consumers' purchasing behaviour through advertisements. Ads that serve to satisfy the feeling of need created with hedonic messages purchase a product in order to eliminate bring some ethical problems. The ultimate aim of this study is to investigate the moderating role of ethics on the effect of hedonic, utilitarian and ethical consumer behaviour models on purchasing intention. As the tools of data collection, four measuring instruments: "Hedonic Consumption Scale", "Utility Consumption Scale", "Ethical Consumption Scale" and "Purchase Intention Scale" were used with a personal information form. In addition, the perceptions of the participants on the hedonic, utilitarian and ethical consumer behaviours and purchasing intentions of the participants were compared in terms of various variables. In this study, 534 participants from Istanbul aged 18-64 were selected using "Snowball Sampling Method". The data collected via an electronic questionnaire was analysed. As a result, it was found that there is a significant relationship between hedonic consumer behaviour and utilitarian consumer behaviour; hedonic consumer and utilitarian consumer behaviour has a significant effect on the purchasing intention; the ethical consumption behaviour of the individual influences the purchasing intention; the ethical consumer behaviour does not have a moderating role on purchasing intention of hedonistic consumer behaviour and the ethical consumer behaviour acts as a moderator on purchasing intention of utilitarian consumer behaviour.

LEXICAL SELECTION AND TRANSLATION EFFECT: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TURKISH SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS

Fatma DEMİRAY AKBULUT, — 2024-08-29

In this study, three experimental research using picture-word task have been reported to analyse and examine lexical selection and translation effect in Turkish second language learners of English. These languages (English, German and French) have been chosen according to their foreign language courses which they have taken in undergraduate level. The first participant group named objects in their L2 (English) depending on the equivalents or distractors of the objects (English equivalent, English distractor, Turkish equivalent, Turkish distractor), the second group named them in their L2 (English) and this time German equivalents and distractors are added to the picture-word task list, and the third group named them in L2 (English) again and this time French equivalents and distractors are added to the task list. The first group has been used as a control group to examine whether the third languages affect the lexical selection in a second language or vice versa. The findings of the study have been analysed. According to the findings, when second language learners of English named the objects in English when they were given with their L1 equivalents and distractors, they had more difficulties in naming them when they were given with English equivalents and distractors. Similarly, second language learners of English and German or English and French named the objects in L2 with a similar response time limit to the first group. However, their response time in naming objects in English is faster than the first group. Besides, their response time in naming objects in English with French or German equivalents and distractors is faster than their response time in naming objects with Turkish equivalents or distractors. The effects of third languages of learners appear to affect their lexical selection in a positive way and the facilitation effect is higher than the learners who use one second language only. Thus, there is a positive correlation between the languages to be used and reaching a higher and faster lexical selection in a new language.

PAYMENTS SYSTEMS AND CRYPTO MONEY

Emine KENGER,, Emre TOKMAK — 2024-08-29

It gives you the money, the properties of the money and the drops of money. B.C. Starting from the 9000s, the swap method, which is used as a means of shopping for conformity to humanity, is the most primitive state of money; it is left to the materials in the currency, metal currency and paper paragraph. Money, 21st century. Click here for more. Cryptocurrencies must be calculated by varying payment systems such as human needs and diversity. The importance of this money account, the labor tool and the new order as a means of value storage, reveal the importance and operation of the crypto coins in the economic life. Money phenomenon, the change of characters with crypto money and varieties, the economic transformation of this change, the formation of money in the market, the market advantages and disadvantages are examined, validity, the reason why paper money is preferred can be calculated legally.

THE IMAGINATION OF AN IDENTİTY TO BE INVENTED OR DEFORMED: WESTERNISM

Yunus KOÇ, — 2024-08-29

Westernization movements in the Ottoman Empire emerge as a necessary reflex to avoid decline against the West in the 18th century. However, this reflex has brought some debates at the point of how should be taken the West. Especially this debate is hidden in the field of culture and civilization. The culture and civilization here is not just a sociological analysis of concept. How these concepts will be addressed by directing the way of life of a nation put a mold thought abouth anew invention or reform on it. In other words, it gives him a new identity. In this work, it will be examined how these identities are tried to be constructed, how can be read theoretically with the ethno-symbolist and modernist approaches of the identities that are thought to be construct and how these different identities can be characterized under one roof.

INTEGRATED SWOT AND AHP ANALYSIS: AN APPLICATION OF TURKEY HEALTH TOURISM

Sümeyye ARSLAN KURTULUŞ,, İbrahim GÜN , Özgür ASLAN — 2024-08-29

The potential benefits of health tourism have been noticed by many countries in recent years. In this context, countries develop and implement various plans, programs and policies in order to get more share in the health tourism market. Aim of this study is to present general situation of health tourism in Turkey. Regarding to this purpose, a SWOT analysis was conducted in relation to health tourism in the study and the analysis was carried forward with AHP analysis. It was performed to determine priorities in terms of strengths/weaknesses and opportunities/threats in health tourism with the help of expert relative comparison. In AHP analysis, experts made relative comparisons between the criteria and the most important criteria has been detected. According to the results of the analysis; Turkey’s leading strong criteria has been detected as “Possess prosperity in terms of thermal tourism”, the weakness side of Turkey has been detected as “the operation of unauthorized institutions and organizations”. On the other hand the most mentioned opportunity indicated as “health services are cheaper than other countries”. Most highlighted threat is “the political instability in neighboring countries and its negative reflections to Turkey”

FINANCIAL STATUS, HAPPINESS AND HOPE(LESSNESS): A STUDY ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Aslıhan E. BOZCUK,, Yağmur ÖZ — 2024-08-29

This study aims to explore the relationship between university students’ financial status and their happiness. Recent studies build hypotheses based on the expectation that students who are financially more comfortable are more likely to feel happier and perform better both academically and socially. The contribution of this study to the existing literature lies in its measurement of students’ financial status and in including the hope(lessness) factor in the analysis. In order to measure the students’ hopelessness, a well- studied and proven scale, comprised of questions regarding individuals' feelings and expectations about the future and loss of motivation, was used. The average happiness score of students surveyed is 2.94 for the lowest and 6.06 for the highest income group. There is a positive correlation between families’ monthly total income and happiness score of the students (P: 0.000). The average happiness scores for female students and male students are 4.90 and 5.27, respectively. Male students are happier and the difference between genders is statistically significant (P:0.043). However, the gender effect in terms of hopelessness is not statistically significant. In the multivariate linear regression analysis model, income and hopelessness together explain 28.7% of the variation in the students’ happiness. Findings underline the importance of supporting students in building their expectations for the future.

MIDDLE EAST DILEMMA IN CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN UNION COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY

Omca ALTIN, — 2024-08-29

European Union (EU) countries that makes many regulations at security and defence area causes them not to achieve any advancement at these areas since they are very sensitive about their sovereignty. Especially Lisbon Treaty which regulations were partook towards security and defence was also failed to satisfy at this point. Crises emerged at Middle East after the treaty, became very important in sense of seeing incapability of regulations made by Lisbon Treaty. EU countries couldn’t be able to develop common policies against these crises faced within Middle East and they preferred to act in line with their national interests. In the study; effectiveness of regulations regarding security and defence had tried to be evaluated by handling emerged crises within Middle East in scope of Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).

EMPLOYEE FRAUDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAUDULENT

Halil ÇETİN, — 2024-08-29

Changes in the ways of trading and technological improvements have changed the characteristics of frauds. And this new types of fraud has become an important issue. The harms to companies and economical losses have increased day by day.Employee frauds causing loss of reputation have to be dwelled upon. Researching and finding out these frauds with traditional methods has become difficult. This study aims to inform about employee frauds as it becomes more and more harming, to analyse fraudulent employees and identifiying the characteristics of these people.Fraud can be avoided by understanding what fraud is and its causes followed by taken preventative actions.

INVESTIGATION OF ACADEMIC MOTIVATION LEVELS OF SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SOME VARIABLES

Hande İNAN,, Mehmet KARTAL — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to investigate the academic motivation levels of students studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports in terms of some variables. A total of 193 students, 102 female and 91 male, who attended Adıyaman University School of Physical Education and Sports in 2017-2018 academic year participated in the study. Of these 193 students, 130 student consisted of physical education and Sport Teaching and 63 students were consisted of coaching Education Department. As a data collection tool ’’Academic Motivation Scale’‘ developed by Bozanoğlu (2004) and ‘’Personal Information Form’’ ’created by the researcher were used in the study. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and T-test statistical methods were used to analyze the obtained data. According to the results of the study, it was found that the academic motivation levels of the students studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports did not differ significantly according to the variables of gender, age, class, department and academic achievement.

PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES IN THE HOLLYWOOD CINEMA: A REVIEW ON SAMPLE MOVIES

Erdi KARADENİZ, — 2024-08-29

Cinema is a well-loved entertainment tool and the whole art practices in this field. Beyond entertainment today movies commit additional functions, e.g. training the people. Cinema has an influential language and this language can be used for message transfer. On the one hand because movies become influential communication tools transferring planned messages to the audiences; on the other hand while establishing relationships with the audiences, different public relations theories can be utilized. In this way, a communication and relationship bridge is built with the audiences via movies. In this regard some communication theories and public relations theories gain importance, too. In the movies their applications can be seen either explicitly or hiddenly. In the thesis study, the movie ‘Wag the Dog’ –produced in Hollywood– is examined by its engagement with ‘Agenda Setting Theory’ which is one of the theories of public relations. In the movie, in general, it’s watched that by manipulation of news the attentions of public can be attracted or rather be turned towards a determined (wanted) direction; in this way this film is associated with the ‘Agenda Setting Theory”.

A RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATIONAL NARSISM AND NEPOTISM

Onur ŞEN,, Necati DİRGEN — 2024-08-29

The history of narcissism, which dates back to Greek mythology, is a psychological and cultural issue about the individual's love of himself, his fascination with him and his superior appearence. Narcissistic situations at a certain level may also become a problematic concept, as is normally accepted, individual against his / her environment, organizational narcissistic attacks against society have the potential to create significant problems such that nepotism can be done within the whole organization or through intra-group narcissism. The organization needs elements or militants who will enable it to engage in a number of collective narcissistic activities, which means that the manpower provided to the organization is not on a merit basis, but rather to the organization goals and targets, and the loss of individuals. In our study, we will conclude by examining the collective direction of narcissism at the individual and organizational level and by researching how and to what extent it has benefited from organizational nepotism.

PRESCHOOL TEACHERS’ VIEWS ABOUT CHILDREN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

Rahime Filiz KİREMİT, — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to undestand the instructional strategies used by the early childhood educators’ when they prepare the kids for the preparatory work for reading and writing and Turkish language skills. In addition, the aim is to explore the educators’ perceptions of the children’s book while implementing these activities. Qualitative research methods and techniques were used in this study. Research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis. According to the findings of this study, it is found that all the educators use for the preparatory work for reading and writing; however, not all of the educators implement the pencil-keeping skills, which is considered to be the foundation skill for the preparatory work for reading and writing. In addition to this, it is found that most of the educators implement the line practice ve sight words into their courses. More than half of the educators in this study are used story telling techniques and nursery rhyme and after these activities they usually prefer to apply dramatization techniques. Considering the educators’ use of the childrens’ book in the classroom, it is found that they offer an opportunity for the kids to use the books at the literacy workstation during the classroom activities. In addition, the teachers try to implement such activities that give an opportunity to the kids to tell the stories they read at their homes.

EXAMINING OF SPORTSPERSONSHIP BEHAVIORS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION COURSE OF SPORTS HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: SAMPLE OF ADIYAMAN PROVINCE

Mehmet KARTAL,, Hande İNAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the level of sportspersonship behaviors of sports high school students in Adıyaman province according to different variables and to investigate the effects of these variables on sportspersonship behaviors. A total of 153 students (47 female and 106 male) studying in Adıyaman Sports High School on 2017-2018 academic year in Adıyaman province were participated in this study. The research data were obtained by using the personal information form and ‘’Sportspersonship Behavior Scale in Physical Education Course (SBSPC) developed by Koç (2013). As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was determined that there was a significant difference in terms of gender, father education level and sports media variables of the students. In addition, no significant difference was found between the sportspersonship behaviors of the physical education courses of the students and the age, class level, sports license and mother education status variables.