SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2018 Issue 22

EFFECTS OF JOB SATİSFACTİON AND ORGANİZATİONAL TRUST ON ORGANİZATİONAL COMMİTMENT: A FIELD STUDY

Demet ÇAKIROĞLU,; Serdar ÇÖP , Mehmet ALTINÖZ — 2024-08-29

Job satisfaction, organizational trust, and organizational commitment have become more and more important in research on organizational behaviour. Job satisfaction is a pleasant and positive emotion that results from the assessment of an individual’s work and work experiences. In the context of work relations, managers and employees need to be in behavioural consistency for organizational trust to emerge. Besides, organizational commitment stems from job satisfaction based on organizational trust. Today, it is dependent on hospitality employees’ job satisfaction and organizational trust. This study aims to contribute to the debate in question and look at the effects of job satisfaction and organizational trust on organizational commitment in international hospitality businesses. For this purpose, a questionnaire was administered to the employees of an four and five star hotel in Ankara in order to reveal the role of job satisfaction and organizational trust in the context of organizational commitment. Based on the research findings, suggestions are put forward on how to increase organizational commitment when job satisfaction and organizational trust are ensured in international hospitality businesses. The research is considered to be extremely significant in the context of international hotel practices for organizational commitment as affected by job satisfaction and organizational trust. It is also expected to contribute to job satisfaction, organizational trust, and organizational commitment practices, and relevant research.

FAMILY MEDICINE PRACTICE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF USING FIRST STEP HEALTH SERVICES DUE TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH

Ecem ÇİÇEK,, Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

It is a well-known fact that the level of prosperity in social life is closely linked to the continuous improvements in the general health status of the individuals constituting the society. For a healthier society; to provide equality in health, to gain sense of meaning and health and to extend life. The achievement of these goals is possible, in particular, by maintaining the health status of the individual and can be achieved through health services collected under the name of primary care. Our country's health system is based on the step system in the presentation of health services; organization is the first, second and third steps. The primary function of primary health care facilities in a stepped-up health care system should be to provide preventive health care for all. In primary protection, the individual is trying to prevent the disease from getting caught. Secondary protection services are implemented when primary protection services are ineffective. However, many problems that can be solved in the first step are transferred to the second step, and problems that can be solved in the second step are transferred to tertiary care institutions. This leads to unnecessary clutter in institutions, affects the productivity of employees and reduces the quality of service and patient satisfaction. Unfortunately, the system of steps performed to prevent this situation from happening does not serve as much as its purpose. Although effective use of primary health care is important in public health, studies have emphasized that family physician core competencies do not match patients' expectations. It is also important to ensure participation and follow-up of the screening, which is carried out by the primary level and is free of charge. Taking into the services carried out within the scope of family medicine in the chronic diseases that can be managed in the first step seems important both in terms of community health and cost. The more active use of family medicine and especially primary care services will be the basis for the formation of a healthy and prosperous society as well as improving the quality of health care services. In this regard, it is important that the responsibility of policy makers as well as the duties and responsibilities of family physicians and public health nurses is important.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE VOCABULARY OF THE READING TEXTS IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL 5TH GRADE TURKISH TEXTBOOK

Kevser AKIN, — 2024-08-29

This research aims to determine the vocabulary of 31 reading texts in the Turkish Textbook (MEB, 2017a) which is schooled to the 5th grade students in the 2017-2018 academic year with the approval of the Board of Education and Discipline of the Ministry of National Education. For this purpose, the answer to the question “What kind of qualities does reading texts have in terms of different and total vocabulary elements, idioms, reduplication, proper nouns, relation words, stereotyped words and proverbs?” was sought. In the study where qualitative research method was employed, documentary (document method) and scanning method were used and content analysis technique was applied in the analysis of data obtained from reading texts. Vocabulary elements of the texts are listed under the headings of idioms, reduplications, proper nouns, relation words, stereotyped words and proverbs, and the frequency lists of the words in each category have been prepared separately. At the end of the research, a total of 12,235 words and 3,076 vocabularies were identified in the 5th grade Turkish Textbook and it was determined that the book was rich in terms of idioms, but it was prepared in weak content in terms of proverbs, relation words, stereotyped words and reduplications.

A STRATEGIC STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF MARKETED TEA SALES ON THE MARKETING COMMUNICATION PRACTICES OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR TEA MANUFACTURERS

Köksal KASAPOĞLU,, İhsan GÜLAY — 2024-08-29

Turkey is the fifth largest country in the world's largest tea producer, according to data of 2016. Tea is the national drink of Turkish people and per capita tea consumption in the world with three kilograms per person on the basis of Turkey is the most tea consuming countries. Tea production and marketing continued through the Çaykur (Çaykur) General Directorate of Tea Enterprises (IDT), which was state-owned until 1984, in the Turkish Tea sector, has been opened to production and sales activities in the private sector with a law enacted this year. As of 2016, 205 private sector tea companies are operating in the sector besides ÇAYKUR. Increasingly in the world and our country, market-branded products (PL), which share a growing share of the market, have also started to increase in the tea market.

In this study, 205 private sector tea makers were accepted as the universe and they tried to explain why they were selling tea to the companies that sold the branded tea, by analyzing the answers they gave to the applied questionnaire. It is understood that the companies that sell tea made with their own brand sell tea with much less amount of tea, which sells branded products, and that the teas that they produce do not use poured tea in their packed tea brand more than tea. This suggests that companies investing in their own brands will prevent market-branded tea production, sales and market share growth. With this research, it was tried to reveal the relationship and contribution of the private sector tea makers for the importance of marketing, the importance of marketing communication and the increase of market-branded tea sales in fulfilling the marketing communication needs of private sector tea makers. As a result, it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to tea industry, market makers and researchers interested in the subject in relation to brand activities of private sector tea manufacturers, marketing communication activities and changes in market share of market branded tea products.

HUMAN BEING IN THE ONTOLOGY OF AL-GHAZALI

Abdullah AKGÜL, — 2024-08-29

Al-Ghazali's human understanding can be considered from two perspectives. The first of these is being born as a human, and the second is to be human in the sense of fulfilling the requirements of human nature. The main factor that determines this distinction is the existence of a special effort of the person. This article deals with the being born as a human part of al-Ghazali's human understanding. In other words, the subject of the essay is the place of man among other beings, the powers, and faculties that he potentially possesses. According to al-Ghazali, beings are consist of the God and the acts of God. God is unique with his essence and attributes. His actions are called the world. Every action gives information about the actor. God is known through the world and the world is created for it. The human being consist of body and spirit. His body belongs to the world of things, and his spirit belongs to God. He has a special place in the world. He was created as a summary of the world. He understands the world at this point, and this understanding leads him to God. Human possesses angelic and animal characteristics. On this count, he has the potential to rise to the highest level of the angel from the lowest level of the animal.

UNIVERSITY REVOLVING FUNDS IN TERMS OF REVENUES AND PERFORMANCE-BASED PAYMENT

Kadir KARTALCI, — 2024-08-29

An example of public enterprises in Turkey are revolving funds. As in all public institutions, revolving funds have a significant share and effectiveness in universities. The scope of income of revolving fund enterprises in universities is shown in Article 58 of Law No. 2547. Although the income of the revolving funds under this law is generally defined as "... sales of goods and services on behalf of the business and other incomes", what kind of revenue source each revolving capital unit has is explained in the following paragraphs of the law. Under the same law, it is shown what criteria can be used to pay wages to employees from revolving fund revenues. These criteria are explained in the Regulation on the Procedures and Principles to be Applied in the Distribution of the Supplementary Payment to be made from the Revolving Fund Revenues in the Higher Education Institutions published in Official Gazette dated 18.02.2011 and 27850. The salaries paid to the staff from the revolving fund income of the universities are made according to the performance of the employees. In practice, however, a number of unfair consequences arise due to improper and purposeful application of performance criteria. These unfair practices mean that the remuneration system should be maintained in a healthy manner according to performance.

FACTORS EFFECTING THE WOOD INDUSTRY AND FURNITURE PRODUCTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Ajdin KASUMOVİC,, Zafer KONAKLI — 2024-08-29

In the wood industry the furniture production in Bosnia and Herzegovina is affected by several factors such as Government tight regulations and lack of stimulations by Government. The wooden furniture production is divided into two main categories; primary and secondary. The wood production has major impact on Bosnian economy and there is a need for updating the current regulations and laws related to it. This research aims to investigated the effect of different regulations and laws on the development and improvement of wooden furniture production in B&H with comparison with different surrounding countries. Qualitative analysis based on preview of different literature and papers published on this topic were done to estimate the impact of different regulations on the development of this industry. This paper finds that benefit of final product in wood industry for private but also for government, profitability of each stage of finalization, contribution to economy, employment rate ... This paper recommend further investigation conducted in more companies from this industry to be done.

DETERMINATION OF THE ATTITUDES OF THE STUDENT NURSES IN TEAMWORK

Hüsna ÖZVEREN,; Kamile KIRCA , Emel GÜLNAR — 2024-08-29

This study was conducted to determine the attitudes of the student nurses in teamwork. This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Nursing at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in the spring semester 2017-2018. 92nursing students who volunteered to participate in the research formed a sample of the researcher. In the study, the data were collected by demographic form and the Teamsteps-TeamworkAttitudesQuestionnaire (T-TAQ). In assessing data, number, percentage values, average measures, Kruskal Wallis Test, Mann Whitney U Test were used. As a result of the research, the average score of theT-TAQ was determined as 111.65 ±13.78 over 140 points. It was determined that the student nurses got the highest score from the subscale of "leadership" (24.92 ± 4.34) and the lowest score from "mutualsupport" (17,64 ± 3.06) from the T-TAQ subscale. It was determined that the attitudes of the students towards teamwork were influenced by the variables such as the person who is effective in choosing the profession, the level of motivation and thinking that the health team should be a leader (p <0.05). It was determined that the attitudes of the student nurses to teamwork were high. It may be suggested to increase the number of trainings and initiatives to support effective team work of student nurses.

COMMUNICATION POLICIES IN PUBLUC RELATIONS

Mahmut Mert ASLAN, — 2024-08-29

Communication certainly plays a key role in public relations. Because each of the activities of public relations are enunciative of a process of communication, the basic condition of understanding public relations is to conceive the content of the notion of communication. The most important factor functioning in determining the necessary services for the management and providing a productive working environment is the correct and sufficient communicaiton.

Every institution and management has got a specific communication policy to attract and keep target groups. In this context, it is obvious that all managements need to be informed correctly not to face the unwanted situations. On the other hand, preparing a good communication policy depends on benefiting from mass communication means as efficiently as possible.

This study was prepared through the method of literature review.

THE PROCESS OF TEDXNIS PROJECT IN NAZARBAYEV INTELLECTUAL SCHOOL IN KAZAKHSTAN

Arysbayeva Saltanat DAURENOVNA, — 2024-08-29

What is TED? Where did the TED come from, and how it was created. There is also information about TED in Kazakhstan, about TEDxNIS in Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools, about the features and achievements of children in the project.

INFLUENCE OF MARKETING STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. EMPHASIS ON FIRMS FROM WOOD (FURNITURE) SECTOR IN BiH

Nejra KASUMOVIC, — 2024-08-29

Marketing Strategies gives independent venture a course toward viable advancement. Advertising techniques contrast starting with one business then onto the next and ought to be modified to suit the necessities of the specific organization. It influences and affect the organizational performance in many ways such as leadership assesment, executive coaching, executive team alignment and organizational consulting. Wood sector in BiH is one of the most profitable sectors. BiH is the best place if someone wants to find modern furniture at reasonable prices. It is not unknown thing that the BiH wood industry is such an important part, maybe most important, of the country’s industry given that more than a half of the country is covered by forests, beech, fir, oak, ash...etc. So many supplies of domestic natural resources provided the original stimulus for the firms to start furniture production which is export-oriented. Analysis that is going to be used is qualitative, based on previous researchs that are done on this topic. Also interviews with the people from marketing in three companies that are wood furniture producers.

GENDER DIVERSITY, CORPORATE PAYOUT POLICY AND STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE

Aslıhan E. BOZCUK,, Fatma ÖZTAŞ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to inquire the payout policy and market performance effects of gender diversity at top level management. For this purpose, in a sample of 843 firms in 7 countries that are members of the European-Mediterranean Partnership (EuroMed), also known as the Barcelona Process, which aims to contribute to equality by promoting social projects, the study compares firms that are gender diversified with those that are not. Firms with women present at the top level management are bigger, distribute higher dividends and have higher dividend yields. There is positive and statistically significant correlation between the number of women holding top level management positions and market-to-book ratio and the expected price/earnings (P/E) ratio for next year. While the coefficient of the number of women is statistically significant in the univariate regression analysis regarding payout policy and market performance, when the size effect is taken into account it remains significant only for dividend yield. There is negative and significant (at the 1% level) relationship between the presence of women at the top level and firms’ market performance for the preceding 3 years. Additionally, there is a positive and significant (at the 5% level) relationship between the number of women at the top level and the expected P/E ratio for next year. The fact that both findings hold despite controlling for the size effect, brings to mind the question of whether firms appoint women to top level positions to ‘look good’ to the markets. However answering this question was not possible in this study due to data availability constraints. The findings support the view that gender diversity at top level management affects dividend yield.

ON THE INFRINGEMENT AND WRITING OF THE NEWS WRITING RULES (A CONTENT ANALYSIS SPECIFIC TO BİNGÖL NEWSPAPER)

İlkay YILDIZ, — 2024-08-29

Today, dazzling developments in communication technologies facilitate reaching the news but also bring about several problems. In addition to waiving integrity and writing news without indicating its source just for passing the news quickly, one of the most important mistakes in writing news is undoubtedly represented by typing and punctuation errors. This, in some cases, is made for the sake of writing and making the news fastly before other press organs whereas in some cases it just results from not knowing those rules. If news writing which requires a great attention for any reason whatsoever, is not performed in accordance with the rules, it misleads the society rather than providing information for the society, since it disseminates the mistakes. In this study, it was aimed for examining headlines of newspapers published in the province of Bingöl with regard to the news, typing and punctuation. In line with this objective, the news handled was first examined stylistically and then it was handled as a news error. The study was carried out between publishing period of Bingöl Newspaper covering the period of 1 May – 31 May 2017. In addition, only the headlines were included in the study, while inner pages were excluded. This was because headlines are the showcases of the newspapers and are the elements that sell the newspaper. From this point of view, any errors in the headlines create more negative impressions in the minds of the readers. Moreover, the newspaper is not published on sundays. In content analysis of the news, in total in 14 news items were errors found. However, this does not show that they all had the same rates of error. Because there were more than one error in some of the news. There were 25 errors in 14 headlines in total. In many of the news items, there were 2 errors, and 3 or 4 errors in some of them. As a result of the study, it was concluded that Bingöl Newspaper did not comply with typing and punctuation rules, caused incoherency in news texts, in short it did not attach required importance to the headlines.

DIGITAL ADVERTISING: THE SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL ADVERTISEMENT USED BY REPUBLIC ALLIANCES (AK PARTY), AND NATION ALLIANCES (CHP) IN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

Melik KOÇ, — 2024-08-29

As the borders of our globalizing world fade ever more rapidly, the need of instant access to information has been magnified. During this course of time, while the newly developed technology accelerates the propagation of knowledge; together with these developments in accordance with digitization, it was made possible for individuals to access information in a short amount of time, with a smaller budget. Not only do the individuals feel facilitated to participate actively by these ‘’liberal’’ and ‘’personal’’ environments, but they are also brought to a position in which they can form and determine current events. For this reason, digitization poses great importance for these individuals to come together and increases interaction between one another. These changes and transformations, just as it is observed in the communication encouraged through advertisement, gain importance in public relations as well as brand managments where ads are necessary. To put it short: communication in general. Social media makes it increasingly easier to reach brand news and ads. In creating digital ads in an online ‘’virtual’’ environment, it is possible to transfer many lingual and visual messages. Communication actions are run by digital agencies, as they replace customary agencies. It now plays an important role in politics just as it does in economy. Digital fields are used actively by political parties especially during election processes. Political parties are better briefed about effeciency rates of the messages they presented their supporters with, using digital ads. Moreover, the sharing of member info from social media networks enables the transfer of ‘’personalized’’ messages aiming ‘’individual persons, and target groups’’. Thus, the trails of the users in the social field can be easily tracked down, interpreted, and users are directed accordingly. The importance of digital advertisement is enunciated when we take into account that people are more likely to express their political opinions in social media fields, then they do in the outside world. In this study, a semiotic analysis will be made, of how the development of digital advertising resulted in the political parties’ governmental advertisements, shared through their official Twitter accounts--- political parties, who joined the Republic (AK Party) and the Nation (CHP) alliances

OPINIONS OF NURSING STUDENTS ABOUT CLINICAL PRACTICE: GENERAL PRACTICE COURSE

Makbule TOKUR KESGİN,; Nevin ÇITAK BİLGİN , Fatma AYHAN — 2024-08-29

This study was carried out in order to determine the opinions of final year students of nursing department regarding the general practice course. The study was conducted longitudinally and descriptively with a total of 177 senior nursing students attending the general practice course between 2010 and 2014. Data collection was performed by means of survey forms developed by the researchers. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, McNemar test and Chi square test were used. 84.2% of the students are female and the mean age is 22.50 ± 1.15. While the students' expectations from the academicians are most likely to be "advised" before and after the general practice course, the expectations are "to be treated as a professional member" from healthcare personnel. 23.2% of the students before the general practice course and 48.5% at the end of the course stated that the general practice course was unnecessary (p = 0,0001). It was found that male students were most benefited (85.7%, p = 0.008) at the end of the general practice course. The problems most expressed by the students are as follows for the practice area; the low number of cases and diversity (40.7%), for healthcare personnel; not being objective in the student evaluation process (45.4%), for academicians; insufficient time assigned for the students (83,0%), and for the duration of practice; having long hours of the practice (86.0%). Students experience problems in terms of the application area, healthcare personnel, instructors and application hours. The ratio of students thinking they benefit from the general practice course is low.

GRAPHOLOGY IN SELECTING HUMAN RESOURCES

Dursun BOZ, — 2024-08-29

In today's world of competition and rapid technological developments, businesses have to change in order to survive. In particular, it has become a unit that needs to be taken seriously on human resources management, which regulates relations with employees. As the first function of human resources management, recruitment determines the circulation of the employees, it can be called as the function that provides the continuity of the enterprises in short. In order to reach the human resource suitable for the organization and the work, the selection function must be carried out effectively. For this, all innovations and developments in the recruitment process should be closely monitored. The search and selection of the appropriate staff for the operations is an important human resource function for the enterprises to maintain their assets. The selection process involves the systematic search and determination of candidates who best suit the needs of the organization's capabilities, competencies and interests. A method used in these decision processes is graphology. Graphology is a scientifically proven method that aims to solve the character of the writer by looking at the handwriting today. The results are brilliant and phenomenal enough to amaze people. From graphology; with the choice of workers, by the identification of diseases, by the identification of criminals, by the forensic field, by guidance to the profession, by guidance and other similar applications at all levels of social work.

SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLAY FEHİM PAŞA KONAĞI

Dilek ZERENLER, — 2024-08-29

Semiotic study of drama analyses the text according to the scientific terms. It is known that the signs such as costumes, light, make-up, props, music etc. are important for the director, actors/actresses, and audience in order to get the point of the performed text. In this study the well-known Turkish playwright Turgut Özakman’s play Fehim Paşa Konağı is going to be analysed in terms of semiotic studies. In fact it is a historical play, but the playwright achieves to reach modern audience through the subjects he deals with in the text. He consciously uses traditional Turkish theatre features in the play such as shadow play, Karagöz and Hacivat, play within a play technique and also narrator to underline the colour of these elements in modern texts. In the play the playwright discusses the term bravado during the reign of II. Abdülhamid. He conciously uses coffee house in order to give the life-style and understanding of those days’s people colourfully. This play was performed by Selçuk University Dilek Sabancı Conservautary, Performance of Art Department’s students and directed by Murat Atak in 2015 at Selçuk University. The director follows the direction and intention of the playwright and is careful in using costumes, light, make-up, music etc. on the stage to create the atmosphere correctly. In this essay, the relation between signified and signifier of this performed text is going to be studied and its influence on the success of the play is analysed. In other words the relation between audience, director, actor/actress, light, costumes, music, make-up etc. is going to be analysed.

THE OUTLOOK OF NAZIM HİKMET ON GARİP MOVEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO THE DISCOURSE ON BUDAPEST IN 1955

ALİ KURT, — 2024-08-29

After escaping from Turkey in June 1951 ; did not and could not coming back to his native land until his death in 1963 ; Nazim Hikmet travelled most of the countries in the world in this process. In one of those travels, in 1955 in Budapest, Nazim Hikmet, a guest of the Literature programme of the Turkish Broadcasting Service , tells us that ;he definitely takes one of Orhan Veli’s books among the books he has in his luggage during his travels and says that he is considered one of our most successful poets. Nazım Hikmet, reads poems of Orhan Veli and takes the book of Oktay Rıfat out of his suitcase and gives examples of his poems on the programme. On another day when he is a guest of the radio programme,he reads poems of Melih Cevdet. As a result of Nazim Hikmet's radio speeches, the underlying reasons of Nazım Hikmet’s acceptance of “ Garip Hareketi” and accepting Orhan Veli as one of our most succesful poets and reading his poems , needs to be explained, despite “ 1940 Generation Socialist Poets” and their poems which are the continuation of his poems in Turkey.On this study; while the interest of Nazım Hikmet on Garip Movement is underlined , common points will be determined especially in point of sources that Nazım Hikmet and Garip movement’t poets take from. At this point ,a bridge will be tried to be built between Marxism-Surrealism connection,,then Critical Surrealism,and Paul Eluard,and finally Critical Realism ,Nazım Hikmet and Garip movement poets and their poetic opinions.

SAHİB ATA FAHRÜ’D-DİN ALİ PERIODS BUİLT MADRAISAH TO THE TURKISH SELÇUKLU EDUCATION

Mehibe ŞAHBAZ, — 2024-08-29

XIII. Century, which is one of the most prominent Seljuk Turkey has Sahib Ata Fahrü’d-Din Ali, primarily Turkey has made great state of Seljuk Empire’s most troubled times of services, Kamil and as a seasoned queen has taken place inTurkish history. Sahib Ata Fahrü’d-Din Ali, four Seljuk sultan from repeatedly over many years is an experienced state man had made the vizier. As well as Statesman of adjectives, especially in Konya, Kayseri and Sivas, including religious body brought to, also with the Scientific and Economic expectional institution has a place in Turkish history. It owes its fame to be gained in many ways. A portion of the resources Sahib Ata Fahrü’d-Din Ali, addition to being a seasoned scholar is mentioned as well as administer adition and queen come to the fore with the correct and timely decision jobs understands the sofa. Seljuk country that as archieved peace and prosperity in his statesman ship and his charitable works is adorned with four sides of the Seljuk countries. Sahib Ata Fahrü’d-Din Ali was left in town that have no easy accsess to it through the public works, was famous queens seek solutions to closely observe their state of affairs. Folk has more reputation rather Fahrü’d-Din Ali dargah other Seljuk Emir. History will not be bestowed at a time many stataesman has worked in the higher echelons of government. Turkey in particular has brought many places in Anatolia seal the immortal works of monumental challenge og being the center of Konya. In our study, XIII. Turkey century Seljuk Empire during the most critical state at the top queen he has that Konya, Sivas, Kayseri and Aksehir will focus on the importance of education and training in madrasas.

THE IMPACT OF 2009 ECONOMIC CRISIS AND 2007 LEGISLATION AMMENDMENT ON THE HOUSEHOLD RATE WITH CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES

Ümit ÇIRAKLI, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to reveal the impacts of 2009 economic crisis and 2007 legislation ammendment on the rate of households with catastrophic health expenditures in Turkeye. In this context, the household rate with catastrophic health expenditures between 2002 and 2016 in the study was analyzed through interrupted time series analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there was a significant decline in the rate of households that make catastrophic health expenditures in the pre-2009 economic crisis period. While the impacts were not statistically significant, 2009 economic crisis was found to have a decreasing impact on the rate of housesolds with catastrophic heallth expenditures until the end of 2010, but 2009 economic crisis was found to have an increasing impact in the 2011 and later period. It was found that the legislative amendments in 2007, while not being statistically significant, also had a decreasing effect on the rate of households making catastrophic health expenditure in 2007 and 2008, and it was found to have an increasing effect on it in the periods after 2009. As a result, it is conluded that there were not any significant impacts of 2009 economic crisis and 2007 legislation ammendment on the rate of households with catastrophic health expenditures in Turkey.

PROBLEMS FACING IN THE CAREER MANAGEMENT PROCESS; FIELD INVESTIGATION ON BANK WORKERS

Raqif QASIMOV,, Sevil RESULZADE — 2024-08-29

Career begins with the entering to the organizational life of a person, continuing with independent experience and responsibility including up or sideways movement in the organization and based separation from work , with another expression, it is a term ending at retirement. The career management is a way of protecting valuable employees which business have got. It is important to pass this way without problems to both the organization and individual point of view. The main purpose of this research to examine available career management practices in the banking sector of Azerbaijan and evaluation the level of these applications and determine the career problems encountered at the same time to find solution ways to these problems. In research made survey with 100 randomly selected people from the general manager or branches of 6 banking institutions benefit from the survey technique in order to reach primary data. After survey process using the program SPSS analysis these answers given to questions in survey and with interpretation the findings obtained as a result of hypothesis tests done it has been achieved results of our research. According to the research result, applications such as career center, career guidance, career exhibitions and coaching are not much preferred in bank institutions and these missing applications in career management are also obstacles to the formation of organizational commitment in the individuals. Furthermore, the results show that relations are more important in preferment decisions at work and exhibit unequal behavior among employees.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BENEVOLENT LEADERSHİP, BEHAVIORAL EMPOWERMENT AND PERSONAL PERFORMANCE

Mustafa BÜTE, — 2024-08-29

The widely accepted view about benevolent leadership and employee empowerment practices are that they are practices that reveal the true potential of employees. In particular, employee empowerment practices are assumed to improve the performance of employees. Although the theoretical background to support this is provided, the results of the experimental work are at least inadequate. Even some research findings have found no relation between individual performance and staff empowerment. For this reason, researching the consistency of personnel empowerment and individual performance relations is of importance in terms of both academic and business practices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship among benevolent leadership, behavioral empowerment and personal performance and to explore how they affect each other. Data was gathered by questionnaire method. The research is carried on 450 employees working at a company operating in Istanbul. According to the research it is found that benevolent leadership has a positive impact on behavioral empowerment and personal performance. It is also seen that the benevolent leadership’s positive effect on behavioral empowerment is higher than its effect on personal performance. However, behavioral empowerment is explored to have a powerful positive effect on personal performance. In addition to this, contrary to expectations, training and motivation’s dimension of behavioral empowerment didn’t statistically seem to have a meaningful effect on personal performance.

VISUAL EDUCATION OF BOTH CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN FROM SPECIAL EDUCATION CHILDREN WITH DOUBLE DISABILITIES

Fahrettin GEÇEN, — 2024-08-29

Social communication problems, strange reactions to emotional stimuli, problems in mental development, interest in restricted issues, desire to change the routine, attention deficit disorder, irregularity, excessive mobility, hasty and long-term focus on something, forgetfulness, organization and planning problems, as well as the problems they live with Visual education and Support to overcome the problems. In 2018, 4 double-blind autistic and hyperactive students in the research and Application Center of disabled children at the University of Inonu, Malatya, were limited and a sample was created. Inönü University Research and Application Center for disabled children 4 Double-disabled students with autism and hyperactive visual arts for two months to increase attention, motivation for long-term study, motivation to work, motivation to work together, ability to work together and increase social communication, ability to act in a phase-by-phase manner and to reduce distractions, constant motivation, command, waiting and, concept development, color and shapes recognition, imitation, sequence formation were investigated. Selected students have double disabilities and two male and female students have been selected. In the study, literature was scanned, and qualitative research was conducted. Studies have shown that various paintings have been changed to increase attention, gradually increase working times, and by making the works interesting and playful, increase the distraction and long-term work. In order to increase the planned and organization, motivation waiting - giving commands has been provided to eliminate the irregularity and increase the time of attention. Again, it has been seen that it can prevent haste with waiting and commands. The aim of this course is to enable students to sketch and imitate the images of the animals, to arrange the colors and shapes in order, to increase their communication skills by working together and to identify the abstract concepts and their results. In the research, it was observed that Visual Arts will contribute to the skills of waiting, motivation, command, step-by-step, play, formal storytelling, color and shapes recognition, imitation, sequencing, abstract thinking.

LA COMPARAİSON DU DECRET REFORMANT DE L’ARBİTRAGE INTERNE ET İNTERNATİONAL EN DROİT FRANÇAİS ET LES DİSPOSİTİONS DE L’ARBİTRAGE TURC.

Alim TAŞKIN, — 2024-08-29

Le décret modernise le droit français de l’arbitrage tant interne gu’international . ll assouplit les régles relatives au compromis d’arbitrage, a l’ exeguatur et a’la notification des sentences arbitrales. II affirme l’autorité de la juridiction arbitrale, en lui permettant notamment de prononcer a l’égard des parties a l’arbitrage des mesures provisoures ou conservatoires, a l’exception dessaisies conservatoires et suretés judiciaires.La convention d’arbitrage prend la forme d’une clause compromissoire ou d’un compromis. La clause compromissoire est la convention par laguelle les parties a un ouplusieurs contrats s’engagent a soumettre a l’arbitrage les litigesgui pourraient naitre relativement a ce ou a ces contrats.Lee compromis est la convention par laguelle les parties a un litige né soumettent celui–çi a l’arbitrage. IIappartient a l’arbitre, avant d’accepter sa mission, de révéler toute circonstance susceptible d’affecter son indépendance ou son impartialité. II luiest également fait omligation de révéler sans délai toute circonstance de méme nature gui pourrait naitre aprés I’acceptation de sa mission. En cas de différend sur le maintien de I’arbitre, la difficulté est réglée par la personne chargée d’organiser I’arbitrage ou, a défault, tranchée par le juge d’appui, saisi dans le mois gui suit la révélation ou la découverte du fait litigieux. Ces notions d’indépendance et d’impartialité sont également présentes dans nombre de lois sur I’arbitrage et de réglements institutionnels, ou elles sonst visées parfois ensemble, parfois séparément.

TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

Mualla MURAT,, Burcu ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

This study aimed to see preferences with the onomatological survey of user names in İnstagram and Twitter in social media. Today, social media is an essential part of our lives. Technology has also effected the socialization of people as negative as it is positive way. This socialization is about the quality of education, which is a cycle between school, family and the environment. In the modern society, it is seen that the individual is lonely and alienated by the effect of social media. It is very important that the individual who makes up the society earns his identity. Individuals must earn a positive identity for a healthy and happy life. Individuals whose identity is not well developed can not live a healthy and happy life and this is also reflected in the gathering. For this reason, students should be conscious about using social networks properly. This awareness training is also a task.

HEALTH TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND NURSING PLACE IN HEALTH TOURISM

Şirin ÇELİKKANAT,, Zepnep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

The development of health tourism has emerged, depending on developments in medicine. In this direction, medicine and tourism come together and are a field of integration. Health tourism is a developing industry worldwide. Today, more than 50 countries have found that health tourism has become a national industry. In the past health tourism has followed a line from the developing countries to the developed countries while today following a line towards developed countries to developing countries. Because of adverse conditions such as high health care costs and long waiting times in developed countries; India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Turkey has become popular health tourism countries. Turkey aims to be the leading country in the world in health tourism. Turkey, large and well-equipped hospitals able to compete with European standards, with improvements achieved in the geographical location and tourism aims to provide health services to 1 billion people. The main target of the countries who make health tourism on medical tourism; it should be ensured that not only the patients and their families receive good physical health care services and benefit from the tourism potential in the area but also must be overcome uncertainty on education and working status of nurse who is the important components of care and treatment. Because, medical tourists are not satisfied only with technological medical facilities and taking advantage of treatment in other countries. In addition to the treatment provided for them, a quality and reliable care that directly affects healing and increases the quality of life is also very important. However, in health tourism, the nurses qualifications, their quantities and their place in legal regulations are not explicitly mentioned. This review article was made in order to question health tourism and the nurse's place in health tourism in the developing countries.

ABBASI DÖNEMI ÇEVIRI FAALIYETLERI VE BEYTÜ’L-HIKME

Murat DEMİR, — 2024-08-29

Abbasids Era is one of the primary periods in the human history that translation activities towards different religions, languages and cultures were conducted. By means of Beytü’l-Hikme which was established in the Abbasids Period, these studies could be carried out efficiently. This institution which was established by taking the former Cündişapur Academy as an example had a considerably advanced structure. Besides its extensive library, it involved various spaces for the activities as copying, writing and translation activities, and it even involved various spaces for readers. This institution was also an environment where scientific issues were discussed and debated. Particularly, in the period of al-Me’mun, all kinds of ideas and opinions could be discussed “conveniently” in the scientific meetings which were carried out regularly per week. The impact of the books that were translated from the languages as Greek, Syriac, Persian, Coptic, Indian and so on have been felt in various fields in this period and afterwards. In this article, Abbasids Era translation activities which covered the period particularly between the mid-8th century and end of the 10th c century and have had a significant impact in terms of the emergence of the idea of İslam and evolvement of sciences in the region of İslam.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD’S MESSAGES AT THE CEMETERY OF JANNAT AL-BAQI

Kadir DEMİRCİ, — 2024-08-29

Prophet Muhammad’s messages to his ummah are undoubtedly important. However, the locations of these messages also further their importance and influence. More importantly, if such a location was frequented by Prophet Muhammad and continued its existence to this day, the messages originating from there would no doubt be of interest to every Muslim. The present study examines the messages Prophet Muhammad delivered at a historic site he frequently visited. This historic site is the Cemetery of Jannat Al-Baqi, which resides right next to Al-Masjid an-Nabawi. Muslims gather at the Cemetery of Jannat Al-Baqi during Hajj and Umrah as it were a normal cemetery visit. The study aims to change the perception of Muslims on the Cemetery of Jannat Al-Baqi to a place that leaves profound marks on their hearts and minds. This can only be achieved by reinvigorating the memories of the Prophet Muhammad at the Al-Baqi cemetery. The study selects memories that may be of interest us today among numerous memories of Prophet Muhammed at the cemetery. The study discusses the words and behaviors of Prophet Mohammad that is thought to relay a message. The messages given at the Al-Baqi cemetery are reinforced by the words uttered by Prophet Muhammed at other times and places. The messages given at the cemetery, which might be considered as the first stop before the afterlife, are important in that they demonstrate what is important in Prophet Mohammad’s world of thought.

EVALUATION OF TURKISH PARTICIPATION BANKS AND IRAN ISLAMIC BANKS IN THEIR SATISFACTION OF CORPORATE CUSTOMERS: AN APPLICATION

Suat OKTAR,, Hassan KARIMPOUR — 2024-08-29

Development of comprehensive banking and private banks during last two decades in Iran, increased customers’ local and global requirements, so, banking industry has serious and permanent evolution. On the other hand, with new generation of banking business, enormous changes happened in services. One of the most important changes is replacing the customer focused banking with product orientation one. First of all in this research, reviewed the history of Iranian corporate banking and Turkish Islamic banks and then compared the customer’s satisfaction due to their exceptions and banks provided services for them with Exploratory Factor Analysis method. Finally, according to Iranian customer’s point of view, offering the approachable solution to improve the corporate banking.

COMPUTER SUFFICIENCY PERCEPTIONS OF GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHER CANDIDATES

Fatma KARAMAN, — 2024-08-29

Nowadays, computers offer many possibilities to everybody. The benefit from these possibilities is related to the competence of the computer. In this sense, the aim of this study is to define the perceptions of preservice teachers for computer self-efficacy. With this aim, the answers of the following research questions are searched in this study: What are the computer self-efficacy perception levels of pre-service German language teachers? Do the computer self-efficacy perception levels of pre-service German language teachers differ according to gender? Do the computer self-efficacy perception levels of pre-service German language teachers differ according to class level? In this study, the scanning method which is a descriptive research model was used. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University's research group constitutes 120 teacher candidates who are studying in 2017-2018 education year in the undergraduate program of German Language Education. 93 of these students are female; 27 is male. A 5-point Likert-type computer self-efficacy perception scale was used as data collection tool, rated as "never, rarely, not sure, usually, always". The scale developed by Aşkar and Umay consists of 18 items. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. Anova was used to determine whether there was a difference between the classes. The t-test was used to determine the difference between male and female students' self-efficacy perceptions. the arithmetic average of the computer self-efficacy perception scale of 120 German Language teacher candidates was found to be 61,3. There was a significant difference in the computer self-efficacy perceptions of male and female teacher candidates.

THE CONCEPT OF PRIVACY IN ART IN THE CONTEXT OF "THE INDIVIDUAL VS THE OTHER"

Ezgi ARARAT CÜCEOĞLU,, Muammer BOZKURT — 2024-08-29

This study seeks to elucidate the reasons why the issue of privacy becomes an object of artistic endeavor. For this purpose, the concept of privacy is considered from various aspects and the position of privacy vis-à-vis the Individual (the Self) and the Other is investigated. For the Other, the Individual’s privacy is an unknown domain and thus privacy is a divisive issue between the Individual and the Other. The notion that interpersonal privacy boundaries are sensed the most emphatically in social life and that they undergo a transformation in the domain of art provides the framework for a consideration of contemporary artistic praxes. Answers are sought to the question of “What am I?” in terms of the concepts of “existence” and “privacy” while the position of “the Other” in the creation of “the Self” is investigated. The impact of the external world on the individual and the associated emergent need of the individual for privacy are detailed. The reasons why artists make their own image a subject of art are examined by looking at works of art in the context of privacy. Examples are provided of works in which artists decrypt their own privacy or expose the privacy of the Other. Based on the findings of this examination, the conclusion is reached that artistic production is a domain that imparts flexibility to the perpetually “invisible/unknowable” boundary of privacy in communication between the Individual and the Other.

INSPECTION, INDEMNITY AND REFERENCE CRITERIA OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE INDEPENDENT REPRESENTATIVES

Alim TAŞKIN, — 2024-08-29

‘’Declaration obligation of referees and reference criteria’’. The decree on arbitration reform has modernized the French international arbitration law as well as the French national arbitration law. The arbitration agreement softens the provisions relating to the enforcement and notification of arbitral tribunal decisions. Except for precautionary seizure and collateral, the arbitration clause explains the competence of the arbitral tribunal to issue interim measures and interim measures. The arbitration agreement may be in the form of an arbitration clause or an agreement. The arbitration clause agrees that parties with one or more contracts between them are solving the disputes arising from one or more of these contracts by arbitration. The agreement is something that the parties sign over an already incompatible dispute in order to take it to arbitration. The person who is proposed to arbitrate is obliged to explain the conditions and situations that may require suspicion of neutrality and independence before accepting this duty. The referee is also obliged to inform the parties in a timely manner the circumstances that may arise after the admission of his duties. The provisions on independence and impartiality are sometimes arranged separately and sometimes separately in the majority of the laws and regulations of arbitration. The disregard of the principle of equality of the parties is the reason for the cancellation of the arbitration award. It is the reason for the cancellation of arbitration in order to remove the inequality and neutrality between the parties. It may cause rejection of the referee's decision to follow the decision of the referee in contradiction to the public order.

IMPORTANCE OF RISK FACTORS AND RISK EVALUATION IN BREAST CANCER

Şirin ÇELİKKANAT,, Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

The importance of breast cancer is steadily increasing because of the incidence of breast cancer is increasing,,it can be treatable at an early stage and in early stage diagnosis is possible at the present time. The prolongation of the mean life span, changes in lifestyle, diagnostic tests, screening programs, and increases in the reporting of cancer cases cause an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. It is important for high risk women to be informed and kept under close observation so that breast cancer can be prevented and diagnosed early. There are two main groups of factors that increase breast cancer, genetic risk factors and non-genetic risk factors. Non-genetic risk factors includes; hormonal factors, race / ethnicity, known benign breast pathology, breast structure, radiation exposure. And about 3-10% of breast cancers are hereditary cancers. If these risk factors are not protected and the rate of cancer growth is not reduced by health policies, it is expected that the cancer expenditures will reach the dimensions that can not be met by the Ministry of Health budget. In this context, preventive health services must be found at the highest levels of educational work and there are important tasks for public health nurses whose duty is to protect, develop and determine the health of the community. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of risk factors and risk assessment in breast cancer.

BUREAUCRAT BEHAVIOR IN THE PUBLIC CHOICE THEORY PERSPECTIVE, TRANSPARENCY and CORRUPTION, TURKEY WILL CHANGE SYSTEM

Ömer DÖNMEZ, — 2024-08-29

Since the early days of history, the bureaucracy has shown itself in the administration of the countries and societies, has maintained its efficiency and working system throughout history and has maintained its necessity by maintaining its necessity as much as it is daily. Nowadays, bureaucracy has meanings like paperwork, avoidance of responsibilities, slow execution, arbitrary decisions and even administrative pressure. The Public Choice Theory is based on the basic principle of "failure of the public" while trying to examine the fact that the actors involved in the bureaucracy have an impact on the lack of public administration. Although there are some differences between the studies of public choice theorists, the main points of movement are the assumption that bureaucrats are individuals pursuing rational and private interest maximization. For this reason, it has been tried to express opinions about the examination of the concept of "bureaucrat behavior" which causes the behavior of the bureaucrats who are considered to be the main role and practitioner in the formation of the bureaucracy concept to be shaped and to be able to be done in order to correct the existing bureaucracy.

THE NOTION OF “PERSUASION” IN PUBLIC RELATIONS

Mahmut Mert ASLAN, — 2024-08-29

The purpose of communication is to make an impact on the target individual or group in the way of serving the objective of the sender. Therefore, the notions such as “persuasion” and “social impact” are among the subjects which have attracted the biggest attention in the theoretical and applied communicative studies and also many articles have been written with regard to it in academic circles. In this context, particularly the notion of “persuasion” is no wonder of a central role and importance in the policies of public relations. Persuasion strategies or techniques are commonly used in many fields of business world, politics and in many other parts of life, consciously or unconsciously, in an amateur or professional way. For instance all of institutions and organizations, candidates of political parties, advertising agencies and some public institutions always develope different kinds of persuasion strategies to affect, convict, lead or change the target individuals or groups in the direction of their own purposes. To state the matter in a broader sense, the most effective means in these kinds of situations is the concept of “persuasion”. What is more, it is an unavoidable part of daily life. People usually have to spend a great part of their lives trying to persuade some other people for personal reosons or for business. Hence, persuasion is not only the part of public relations, but also a vital part of daily life. In this study which was carried out through literature review, public relations, the notion of persuasion in applications of public relations and basic persuasion strategies were examined and analyzed at full length.

INVESTIGATION OF TEAM IDENTIFICATION LEVEL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Nurullah Emir EKİNCİ, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to investigate sport spectator identification levels of university students according to gender, sport club, sport branch and participation to the sports activities variables. The study group was consisted of 383 (109 female, 274 male) volunteer students. As a data collection tool (Sport Spectator Identification Scale-SSIS) developed by Wann & Branscombe (1993) and adapted to Turkish by Günay & Tiryaki (2003) was used. Scale is composed of likert formatted 7 item which endpoints from 1 to 8. 1 means no matters, never, dislike; 8 means considerable, completely, like and these rates shows totally opposite points. High scores obtained from scales indicates higher identification. The SPSS package program was used for Kolmogorov smirnov, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests analysis. According to research findings, it was found that there was not a statistically significant difference between the levels of sport spectator identification, sport barnch, member of union supporter and participation to the recerational activities (p>0,05). But there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of sport spectator identification and gender (p<0,05). According to this result when we compared male and female students we may say male students (x̄=202, 64), has more sport spectator identification level than female students.

KAMUOYU VE TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASI ALGISI: SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Mehmet BÜYÜKÇİÇEK, — 2024-08-29

In this study, we discuss the comparison of the questionnaire study conducted between the dates of 20 May 2016 and 15 Apr 2017 online with the students of Selcuk University Vocational School of Social Sciences and Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences and the response of the students to that questionanire are analyzed. In the survey, the issues which have been occupying Turkish foreign policy recently were discussed. Within this context, it was aimed to measure the perception of the society in diversified amount of issues from the process of membership of Turkey for the EU to Immigrant Policies, from the perceptions of friend-enemy to specific and strong foreign policy applications. The survey study aims to determine the attitudes and perceptions among the students related to Turkish foreign policy through revealing the relationship between the Public and Turkish Foreign Policy, the Membership of Turkey at the EU, the attitudes of the members of RU, their opinions about the USA and Russia and how to deal with the issue of immigrants.

9/16/2018 12:20:47 PM

Bülent Cercis TANRITANIR, — 2024-08-29

City is regarded to be separate from nature, whereas countryside is thought to be close to nature. Industrial production is assumed to be the primary activity of city dwellers; however, countryside dwellers are mainly engaged in agricultural activity. As a result, the countryside dwellers have a strong and symbiotic relationship with nature while city dwellers’ connection with nature dwindles day after day. This article aims to illustrate the relationship between man and nature in At Hawthorn time by Melissa Harrison with regard to ecocriticism. In the novel, Harrison compares London to a village entitled Lodeshill and portrays the modern lifestyle of the city and countryside. She also draws our attention to the influence of technology on the countryside. As in the modern countryside machines have taken over farm-labors, farmers have sold their properties and are looking for employment in the city. The story unfolds around four main characters; this paper examines their lifestyle in the city and countryside. In addition, each character’s connection with nature is investigated.

CULTURAL ACQUISITON IN EARLY CHILHOOD EDUCATION AND AN APPLICATION

Mehmet ŞANVER,; Berrin SARITUNÇ , Özgür ERAKKUŞ — 2024-08-29

Individuals should be raised in accordance with the needs of the era they live in and of the particular period they will live be. However, when only the transfer of knowledge becomes the target gain of the education system, maturity and acquiring certain skills are not taken into consideration sufficiently. In fact, even those people who have graduated from a higher education institution can become distanced to the society they will deal with as well as the conditions and needs of the society when they practise their profession. It is considered that individuals who know the local culture and universal values will adapt to the society more easily. In the past, families used to pass down the cultural accumulation of the society to the next generation with lullabies at first, and then, with tales, handicrafts, food and values. However, it is observed that this transfer has not been at an adequate level recently. Turks are a great nation bound together with the unity of language, history, customs and tradition and spiritual values formed over the centuries, and with a deep-rooted history in a wide geography. The components of Turkish culture and civilisation that were blended with Islam should be passed down to both adults and young generations. The change in social values, economic and social developments, parents' heavy involvement in business life, media and consumption society have had negative impacts on individuals. There is a need for studies on subjects such as intergenerational communication, contribution to early childhood education and the transfer of national and spiritual values. In this context, a project was conducted in TEV Dr. İbrahim Öktem Preschool in Nilüfer district of Bursa with the contributions of the students in the Faculties of Theology and Fine Arts at Uludağ University. As a result, it was found that cultural sharing through intergenerational interaction as part of the project drew students’ attention. This study provides information about the implementation phases and results of the project.

AN EVALUATION ON THE CONTRİBUTION OF THE SECOND NATIONAL ARCHITECTURE MOVEMENT AND ITS ARCHITECTURE TO THE TEXTURE OF TODAY'S HISTORİCAL CITIES

Yusuf ÇETİN, — 2024-08-29

This period which is named as Second National Architecture Movement in the Republic Period architecture and which covers the period between 1938-1950 developed under the impacts of various political, economic and social changes both in the world and Turkey and established the first important step for the Republic regime in terms of creating its own identity in architecture. This movement in which the Anatolian traditional public architecture was brought to forefront to replace the Ottoman Architecture which had been the basis starting point in the First National Architecture Movement which included the primary ten years of Republic hereby comprises the most unique period of the architecture history of the Republic period. In this period in which a formalist approach was effective, from the use of materials up to architectural details, a connection was established with the with the public in the light of the principle of populism of the Republic and a national identity was aimed to be created in the architecture. However, attempts for creating a national identity in the architecture which were based on an only formal and emotional approach without solving the basic problems expired by the political changes sourced from the expiration of the II. World War, the changes of economic conditions and the implementation of multi-party period. For providing the integration with the west, as experienced in all areas as of early 1950s, international currents began to be effective in the field of architecture as well and the values in the architecture which had been brought by the Second National Architecture Movement were put aside. However, these values were fed by local architectural factors especially in Anatolia and converted into a fashion acclaim and protected its existence until 1970s. Primarily in the capital Ankara and İstanbul, the buildings of Second National Architecture Movement which were encountered in various cities of Anatolia and the structures constructed later on in the following periods under the inspiration of these structures took an unique place within the Republic period architecture history as a factor which are complementing the identities of the cities of today’s history and their historic fabrics. These structures, of which their numbers are getting increased in recent years due to various reasons, which remained like documentary values determining the history and socio- culture of a specific period and which are the integral part of the identities of the historical cities, should be repaired correctly within the scope of correct planning by keeping their unique properties thereof and should be transmitted to future generations. This is vitally important for the protection of the cultural heritage.

CONDITIONS THAT PUSH THE PARTIES TO NEGOTIATE AND THIRD PARTY IN THE EGYPT-ISRAEL NEGOTIATION

Ahmet ATEŞ, — 2024-08-29

Negotiations are an effective tool in order to resolve international conflicts. As a matter of fact, academic studies in the field of negotiation and conflict examples support this claim. When the negotiation methodology is examined, it is seen that the conditions that push the parties to the negotiation and the third party issues are considered as factors that affecting the success of the negotiations. This study focuses on a broad theoretical framework that covers these two factors. Accordingly, the conditions that push the parties to negotiate are defined by the concepts of escalation and change. The concept of escalation is defined as human losses, infrastructures, habitat and economic damage because of the increasing level of violence. The concept of change is defined as the difference in the international system, geographical conditions, interests and decision making mechanism of the parties. A third party consists of a person, group, or organization. These contribute to provide trust, satisfaction, flexibility and sharing of information, and elimination of fears and uncertainty, and the changing of their behaviour among the parties. In addition, the maintained theoric framework is analysed on the Egypt-Israel negotiations in order to discuss its applicability. It was concluded that the the factors of conditions that push the parties to the negotiation and third parties had an impact on the success of the Egypt-Israel negotiations.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST: A RESEARCH ON HOTEL EMPLOYEES

Demet ÇAKIROĞLU,; Mehmet ALTINÖZ , Serdar ÇÖP — 2024-08-29

Empowerment is the process of increasing the decision-making powers of the employees by means of cooperation, sharing, raising, training and teamwork (Vogt and Murrel, 1990). Conger and Kanungo recognize empowerment as a motivational concept and describe empowerment as enhancing self-efficacy empowerment of employees. Organizational trust is seen as an element in both organizational and intra-organizational relationships. While intra-organizational trust expresses the level of confidence shared by the members of the organization, non-organizational trust reflects the trust of its customers, suppliers or partners. Intra-organizational trust is the climate of trust within an organization and positively predicts the behavior of organizational members based on organizational roles, associations, and experiences. In the research, it is aimed to contribute to the practitioners and the related studies by investigating ways of better utilization of human physical, psychological and mental power by emphasizing the importance of employee empowerment and organizational trust in terms of human resources’ productivity and effectiveness. The research is important in terms of attracting attention to the impact of empowerment perceptions on organizational trust, organizational efficiency, effectiveness and performance.

İNTELLİGENCE ACTİVİTİES OF OLD BABYLONİAN KİNGS

Hasan Ali ŞAHİN,, Turan SAĞIR — 2024-08-29

From the earliest periods of history, to allow people to continue their lives they had to be people knowledgeable about their geography and other communities around. This situation is important in every period; it has shown changes depending on time, geography and human relations. Human relationships have become more complicated when people have settled after the hunter-gatherer situation. With the establishment of the villagers and the emergence of city principalities in Mesopotamia, the first conflicts occurred in neighboring cities. In order to ensure their own security, the local kings wanted to have more information about people under their rule and about other neighboring city giants, and as a natural result, they developed various methods to obtain information about their enemies. The Old Babylonian Kings were engaged in intelligence activities through ambassadors, journalists, informers and spies.

9/11/2018 8:36:50 AM

Abdou,Wahabi ABDOU, — 2024-08-29

The main problem related to the activities of civil society organizations, is the logic humanitarian assistance-improvement of beneficiaries’ living conditions. Indeed, in most of Africans communities where development NGOs are operating, poverty and social vulnerability are illogically increasing. This fact is often due to an insufficient knowledge of the realities of the social environment in which these NGOs are operating, lack of self-reliant development models and mostly the mismanagement of funds by the NGOs officials who have become true "businessmen". Thus, the application of strategies and techniques for development trample and objectives of donors are still not realized. If the proliferation of NGOs in Africa started in the 1990s after the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Policies, we can legitimately ask the question of whether NGOs are real actors of development or simple organisms set up by the capitalist system to further control the world. This article aims to answer to this question. Firstly, it analyzes NGOs operations in Africa, their methods and the way they are processing. Secondly, it tries to propose some alternatives to improve the humanitarian actions in African countries. Finally, this work takes a concrete example of NGOs aid program which is the microfinance and tries to see if microcredits have or not an impact on their beneficiaries’ lives.

RESEARCH ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEBT, MONEY ATTITUDE, TENDENCY OF MATERIALISM, AND FINANCIAL LITERACY WITH LEVEL OF DEBT

Arzu ŞENER,, Aysel Anıl GÜNDÜZALP — 2024-08-29

Consumption based structure of postmodern societies has led individuals to use more credit cards and credit loans. It has also becoming increasingly important for individuals, who prevalently use credit cards and credit loans, to successfully manage financial processes such as debt and savings. This study was conducted on 300 individuals with the aim of exploring the relationship between attitudes towards debt, money attitude, psychosocial factors such as tendency of materialism and the level of financial literacy and the level of debt. In the study, firstly, the relationship between these factors and the level of debt, the level of individual debt in the our country and the information about the work done in the literature are given. After the demographic and socioeconomic information about participants are given. The difference between the attitude towards debt and money, the tendency of materialism and the financial literacy according to the level of debt is analyzed by One Way ANOVA. The relationship between the attitude to debt, money attitude, the tendency of materialism, and the financial literacy and level of debt were examined by Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results of the research show that the attitude scores, tendencies of materialism, and the financial literacy levels of the people without any debt are higher than those of the ones in and excessive debt.

SUBTITLE TRANSLATION IN AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION

Dilber ZEYTİNKAYA, — 2024-08-29

Film translation is separated from all other types of translation because of its audiovisual nature. The processes followed in the translation of the film that can be examined within the scope of translation science are covered in detail. The whole of the research is subtitling the French film named “Il ne faut jurer de rien”. In this study, the strategies developed by the translator in subtitle translation will be tried to be analyzed with a descriptive approach in transcription.

EXAMINATION OF NURSES’ VIEWS ON “PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE”

Nilüfer DEMİRSOY,, Aysun TÜRE YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

Patient safety and prevention of medical fallacies in every stage of health service is among the priorities of health system. Measures taken for prevention of medical fallacies in patient safety, one of the most important in care quality for health services, are the basis of patient safety. Information, skill and behavior increasing the degree of patient safety and making learning from fallacies easier can be gained through both training of health professionals and patient. The objective of this study is to research nurses’ views on patient safety culture. The sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study is a group of 153 nurses from a hospital offering tertiary care services. Data was collected between September-October 2017. Number/percentage, arithmetic average analysis was used in the process of evaluation of data. As descriptive features are analyzed, 153 nurses as total, 126 of whom are female, (82,4%) have participated in the study. Age average of nurses is 29,098±6,253; 96 (62,7%) of them have bachelor degree. If we have a look at the study, 47 (30,7%) of the participants work in the department of surgery, 81 (52,9%) in internal diseases, 14 (9,2%) in intensive care unit, and 11(7,2%) in emergency. Nurses’ work-hour average is 6,735±5,999 years. Point average of patient safety culture is 3,06 ± ,400. For all sub-dimensions, point averages are between 3,04 and 3,08. The lowest point in scale sub-dimensions has been obtained from personnel education, 3,04±,523, “the highest unexpected event and trouble ticket” from sub-dimension 3,08±,473. According to those results, nurses’ awareness on patient safety culture is over intermediate level. Nurses’ awareness on patient safety culture is over the average. So, institutions and executive nurses are suggested to provide necessary support for nursing applications on sustainability of patient safety culture.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF TURKISH VERSION OF THE SCHEDULE OF SEXIST EVENTS

Sevil ALBAYRAK,, Emel GÜLNAR — 2024-08-29

Aim: This study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE). Methods: The SSE was translated using translation and back-translation. This was a methodological study conducted with 180 working women. The scale was developed by Klonoff & Landrine in 20-item 3-part and four-factor structure. It has high internal consistency (α=0.92) in the original study. Content validity index, Cronbach alpha, test-retest reliability, item total correlation, confirmatory and principal factor analysis were used to evaluation of data. Results: Of the working women, 45.6% were 26-35 and married. Of the working women 64.4% are academic personnel, 18.9% are subcontractor employees and 16.7% are administrative staff. Content Validity Index of instrument was over 0.85, alpha reliability was .90, item-total correlations were between 0.40 and 0.68 (p= 0.000), during the course of 6 weeks test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.87, p = 0.000). Factor analysis yielded the survey consisting of three factors. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had a good fit. Conclusion: The Turkish version of SSE can be considered valid and reliable in measuring sexist events in working women.

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECENTRALIZED DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND CENTRAL BANK MONETARY SIZES: CASE OF BITCOIN

Suat OKTAR,, Esengül SALİHOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Decentralized digital currencies (DDC) are independent of central authorities, intermediary institutions, and traditional currency and payment systems. However, the values of the DDCs are expressed in terms of nominal currencies and, if necessary, their conversions with nominal currencies are provided. In this study, the relationship between the TL (Turkish Lira) price of Bitcoin, the first and most common kind of DDC, and the money supply definitions (M1, M2) of Central Bank of The Republic of Turkey (CBRT), average funding cost of CBRT(%), 10 year government bond interest rate(%), bank deposit one month interest rate(%) were examined. The stability of Bitcoin's TL prices and the above-mentioned variables were tested involving an observation period of 61 months between July 2013 and July 2018. The series became stationary at the first level. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Then Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality Tests were conducted. According to the findings, Bitcoin's TL prices are co-integrated with the other variables in the long term, and one-way Granger causality relationship was determined from the variables other than 10-year bond interest rate towards Bitcoin's TL price.

IN THE MATTER OF INTERACTION BETWEEN FICTIONAL REALITY AND FOLKLORIC REALITY

Metin EREN, — 2024-08-29

One of the aims of different human activities such as science, philosophy and art is to express the facts belonging to human or society. These cultural practises study their own objects with their own methods and tools. Social sciences studies complex social phenomena. The purpose of the these analysies is to build your reality. This effort, based on theoretical and methodological tools, is expressed in its own language. Literature researchers are studies on the interaction between literary works and oral culture for a long time. In some of these studies, the main question is whether oral culture is source in literature or not. In some of the research, ethnographical and oral cultural data how it was reflected to literature. It has been attempted to show whether fictional reality coincides ethnographic reality or not. In this article, the relation between fictional and ethnographic reality has been studied in the example of Hasan Ali Toptaş's novel on the Kuşlar Gider Yasına. Biography, ethnography, and fiction how has taken place in a text has been evaluated comparatively.

EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN EU MEMBERS AND TURKEY

Emine AYRANCI,, Erdem Utku EKE — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to analyze relative level of technical efficiency of health system of 23 EU members and Turkey as an EU candidate through data envelopment analysis. In addition, some evaluation is represented on reference countries in which technical ineffective countries aimed to be technical effective. According to application results countries with the highest technical effi-ciency value in 2013 are Sweden, Ireland, Cyprus and Turkey whereas the countries with lowest value of technical efficiency are Austria, Germany and Slovakia respectively.

DEMAND ELASTICITIES IN TURKISH MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET

Bahar BAYSAL KAR, — 2024-08-29

The estimation of demand elasticities in the mobile telecommunications market is guiding both for producers seeking higher profits and for regulatory authorities aiming to create a more competitive market structure. The determination of profit opportunities and better structuring of the mobile telecommunications markets require a better understanding of demand elasticities. In this framework, the purpose of this study is to estimate demand elasticities and thus to reveal the demand structure in the Turkish Mobile Telecommunications Market. For this purpose, quarterly and firm level data are used for the period 2007-2017. The dependent variable is the monthly average minutes of usage of subscribers. According to the results of the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) estimator, which can predict specific coefficients for different cross-sectional units, the price elasticity of long-term demand is estimated to be -0.76. This coefficient reveals that consumer demand is inelastic. The cross-price elasticity coefficient is estimated negative and this points that the fixed telecommunication services and mobile telecommunication services are complementary. Finally, the income elasticity of demand is predicted to be positive and inelastic in line with expectations.

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES QUALITY WITH PATIENT PERSPECTIVE: A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL PRACTICE

Ahmet KAR,; Aysun KANDEMİR; Ali YILMAZ , Nesrin AKCA — 2024-08-29

In this study its aimed to assess the quality perceptions and expectations of patients who take services from an university hospital about services they get. In the study interviewed with patients between February-May 2018 and the data used were obtained using the SERVQUAL scale and demographic questions. The majority of the 541 patients included in the study were women and persons between 15-29 years of age. According to result of conducted analyses perceived health services quality of patients is lower than their expectations. The closest quality dimension to the expectations is responsiveness and the farthest dimension is reliability. The knowledge and experience of hospital staff, developing confidence are in the dimension which is most important for the patients. The obtained scores of servqual are similar to the general impressions of the patients. Assessment of provided health services quality with patient perspective and making necessary improvements in accordance with analysis results is important for patients to prefer the institution again and recommend it to others.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MAJOR THESES OF CHARLES WRIGHT MILLS, MICHEL FOUCAULT, AND ERVING GOFFMAN ON POWER

Sezgin KIZILÇELİK, — 2024-08-29

Power is one of the phenomena that cause essential problems for the individual and society. Almost always, power is behind the dominant issues such as inequality, poverty, slavery, violence, despotism, injustice, alienation, isolation, and insensibility on all levels of the society. Power directly effects individual’s daily life as well as social order. Power is a structure that rules over both the individual and societies. Shaping the society and in the heart of individual life, power has been studied by many cult sociologists and social theoreticians on different levels. Charles Wright Mills, Michel Foucault, and Erving Goffman are among major critics who have produced extensive studies with challenging ideas among the modern sociology curriculum. According to this, Mills have analysed power in connection to “the power elite;” Foucault to “power relations;” and Goffman “total institution.” The main purpose of this article is to compare the critical ideas of these theoreticians of modern sociology who are known for their criticism addressed to the society, to explain the ontology of power, and to display the damage power may cause on the social structure and the individual’s inner world.

THE EFFECT OF CAREER BARRIERS PERCEIVED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ON THEIR FUTURE CAREER, THE INTERMEDIARY ROLE OF NATIONAL CULTURAL DIMENSIONS

Gül GÜN, — 2024-08-29

As the number of obstacles perceived by the individual decreases, it can be said that they become more optimistic in terms of their future career, the ability to adapt to the changes in their career plans increases, and they are able to make more realistic decisions. In this study, it is assumed that university students may be influenced by the national cultural dimensions in future career perceptions. In this context, with the influence of present-day changes, the effect of university students' perceptions of their future careers on the future of their profession and whether, along with this, the avoidance of ambiguity and level of masculinity in our national culture is an important explanatory factor, is a fundamental part of this investigation. For the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted with the participation of 380 students from Munzur University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. Correlation, hierarchical regression and a Structural Equation modelling analysis were applied to all 380 of the data obtained. According to the results of this analysis, the findings supporting the basic hypothesis obtained are "the level of avoidance from national cultural uncertainty is intermediary variable in relation to career obstacles and future careers"

METHOD OF EXPERIMENTING AKA-DEMIC INFORMATION THROUGH MUSIC IN PRIMARY EDUCATION CHILDREN

Müslüm AKDEMİR, — 2024-08-29

Mankind has developed by transferring their knowledge to new generations for thousands of years. For this reason, education ranks first in every part of the world. An individual can learn, learn, or have a good education. Every society in the world is trying to develop many methods and application methods to convey their knowledge, cultural characteristics to future generations. Education and teaching will convey to future generations the experiences of experienced people in past generations. Societies that have developed learning methods have had the opportunity to lead a prosperous life before the age of their lives. Education and training are essential for the development of societies and for keeping up with the new age. However, the educational programs applied have a more miserable character, especially in social areas. Even in some countries science sciences are being made by means of memorizing other than social subjects. Research, examination and application (laboratory) methods are very weak. In this context, people have to develop different methods and methods to make the teaching permanent. It is an important aspect of this method to develop artistic areas by evaluating the effects on human beings. Everywhere in the world, the understanding that music in the branches of art provides the greatest contribution to human psychology is accepted. Music has grown from the existence of mankind, music has become the most important teaching tool in nature. This study was carried out in the educational activities organized by TUBITAK 4004- Project, "Bee Biziz Bizdedir-6", which is attended by elementary school students. The students who participated in the activities applied the academic knowledge about "Stacked Honey Bee-s" and the "reinforcement method through music" that we created. Our work is aimed to ensure that the information given to the students in the primary curriculum is removed from the memorization method and become permanent. Participatory observation techniques were used to determine the results of the method we used to consolidate the topics. The method has been evaluated the permanent effects and tried to prove the method by the determinations made.

STUDIES OF WORKS IN TURKISH FOLK MUSIC

Hamit ÖNAL, — 2024-08-29

The analytical method, which is the basis of analysis practices, is usually the method of philosophy and contemporary education uses this method. The analysis usually helps to separate the constituent parts of any subject or object. Analysis in the field of music is the study of what they want to tell without skipping even the smallest elements of the work. In this process, some different approaches arise depending on whether the work is instrumental or verbal. The subjects of the work are: makam, method, form, instrument, composition, lyrics, language characteristics and cultural materials. In this way, detailed knowledge of the musical and literary characteristics of a musical work can be obtained. In this study, studies related to Turkish folk music and analysis were studied.

ANATOLIA IN MYOCENE and VERTEBRATE FOSSİL LOCALİTİES

Okşan BAŞOĞLU, — 2024-08-29

Anatolia, has many archaeological riches and is home to important vertebrate fossil beds as well. These vertebrate fossil beds present significant paleobiogeographic and paleoecologic considering local and regional scales. Anatolia, which emerged as a result of geological and tectonic movements from the Neogene onwards and became a landmass that connects the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, which served as a geographical hub for mammal dispersals. Paleontological studies has been conducted since early 1900’s show that Anatolian Neogene terrestrial deposits contain rich vertebrate fossil beds in addition to promising new areas that need to be protected. New vertebrate fossil beds have been discovered in research conducted in recent years, but many more are yet to be discovered. Fossils provide historical evidence of evolution and convey the past to the present. We can write the history of nature using fossils. Vertebrate fossil beds, which constitute natural heritage in terms of the history of nature, need to be discovered and protected. This way, our natural heritage would be passed on to future generations.