SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2018 Issue 21

HARMONIZATION OF TURKISH AGRICULTURE TO COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND IMPACTS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION NEGOTIATION PROCESS

Ceran ARSLAN OLCAY, — 2024-08-29

In this article, procedures and priorities of changing paradigms of functioning of Turkish agricultural policy and the policy tools will be examined from the beginning of European Union (EU) membership process in line with Turkish-EU relations. In this process, by emphasizing the management and implementation of the Turkish agricultural policy, similar and divergent aspects of EU and Turkish agriculture will be questioned in a cause&effect relationship. In addition, especially in the recent 10 years, EU’s changing approach and Turkey’s harmonization process will be discussed by using the Progress Reports of Turkey, 2013-2017 Strategic Plan, 2014-2020 National Rural Development Plan and chapters of accession process as sources

HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY AND NURSING CARE IN WOUND HEALING

Sema KONATEKE,, Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the administration of more oxygen than 1 ATA (1 ATA: atmosfer absolute: 760 mmHg) to the patient through direct high pressure environment, endotracheal tube, oxygen mask, or special caps used in single or multi-person high pressure closed rooms equipped for patients. High pressure oxygen increases arterial oxygen pressure to 200 mmHg and increases partial oxygen pressure to 400 mmHg. In recent years, HBOT has been used to accelerate wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers, burns, infected tissues, non-healing wounds. HBOT provides oxygen to the hypoxic areas by delivering oxygen to even non-blooded tissues by extracting very high levels of oxygen in the cells. It also increases the number of leukocytes in the body and the killing power of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Increases fibroblastic activity in the resulting wound, enhancing the synthesis of collagen, elastin and proteoglycone, giving strength and elasticity to tissues, stimulates angiogenesis to nourish newly formed tissues. Allows the wound to close properly normal appearance without complication. HBOT nurses should know, prevent or reduce effects such as trauma in the ear and sinuses due to sudden pressure changes during treatment, risk of emboli in the brain, anxiety, fear, oxygen toxicity and pain with nursing interventions. Nurses should learn the medications used by the patient before the procedure and contact with doctor if they are using inappropriate medications with HBOT. In addition, patients should wear cotton clothing, remove all their jewelry and leave all their electronic devices nearby, not be very full or hungry before the procedure and keep normal breathing during treatment. The nurse should observe and intervene any side effects that may occur in the patient during the procedure.

A STUDY OF THE COLORS, MOTIFS AND COMPOSITIONS OF THE KIRŞEHİR PRAYER RUGS PRESERVED IN THE MUSEUM OF THE ŞEYH ŞABAN-I VELİ FOUNDATION

Hande AYŞEGÜL ÖZDEMİR,, H. Feriha AKPINARLI — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to specify and to document the characteristics of the Kırşehir prayer rugs that are registered in the inventory of the Museum of the Şeyh Şaban-ı Veli Foundation. It focuses on their techniques, colors, motifs and compositions. The study was carried out using the screening method. Its sample included the 24 prayer rugs that are on display in the museum’s showroom. The dimensions, techniques, motifs and compositions of the rugs were specified. They were photographed, and information forms were prepared. Tables were formed and interpreted based on the assessment of the information forms. The findings indicated that the prayer rugs date to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Woolen thread and the Turkish knot were used in the weaving process. With regard to the rugs' composition, the mihrabs were positioned in single direction. The color white was commonly used both in the rugs' backgrounds and the motifs. Their motifs included 51 different types in five categories: geometric, symbolic, floral, objects and animals. Kırşehir prayer rugs are the most beautiful examples of Turkish culture, and their conservation in the Museum of the Şeyh Şaban-ı Veli Foundation is very important for the preservation of Turkey’s culture.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AND AMBIVALENT SEXISM AND IRRATIONAL BELIEF IN THE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP

Zarife UYSAL ÇELİK,, Melek KALKAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between level of ambivalent sexism and irrational belief in the relationship. For this aim,“The Relationship Belief Inventory” and “Ambivalent Sexism Scale were administered at 251 university students from different faculties of Ondokuz Mayıs University. This research finds that ambivalent sexism has a positive relationship with irrational belief in the relationship. The other findings show that in the whole variables, boys have a higher attitudes, while girls have a higher attitudes only in the benevolent sexism.

THE EFFECT OF INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ON DEVELOPING ECONOMIES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Oğuz BAL, — 2024-08-29

The world economy is treated in three categories as Advanced, Developing and Backward Economies. Turkey is also found in Emerging Economies that covers nine countries. Countries' industrial development also determines the ranking in its category. Infrastructure investments in these countries are the reason for the sustainability of multinational enterprises. Profitability and continuity in investments are their life-cycle. Liberalization policies in relevant sectors are important for infrastructure investments. Foreign aid is also an important item that triggers investments. The study consists of 2000-2016 years and consists of four parts. Examples of local and global initiatives are also given.

THE SMART PHONE CYBERLOAFING SCALE IN CLASSES (SPCSC): A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Murat POLAT, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to adapt Turkish terminology and to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Cyberloafing Scale, an assistive tool developed by Blau, Yang ve Ward-Cook in 2006 for determining the cyberloafing behavior, in a sample of university students. The research was planned according to the methodological research method. 217 university students who used the smart phone and enrolled at Muş Alparslan University during the 2017-18 academic year participated in the research on a voluntary basis. The original scale consists of 16 items and three sub factors. In the research, in addition to the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Demographical Information Form and Scale of Cyberloafing Activities were used as tools for collecting data. For the split-half test (Spearman Brown) reliability of the scale, the correlation ratio detected for the total scale points obtained from application was .75, the correlation ratio detected for the browsing-related cyberloafing sub-groups obtained from the application was .85, .80 for the interactive cyberloafing group points and .75 for the entertainment cyberloafing sub-group points (p<.001). The co-efficient of internal consistency detected for the reliability of The Smart Phone Cyberloafing Scale in Classes (SPCSC) was ?=.88, the total item reliability co-efficients ranged between .27-.74. As for the values in the relation between the variant of each item and the sub-group variant, they ranged between .41 and .59. In the validity test actualized with similar scales, a positive correlation was found between SPCSC and social networking addiction and also one was found with the browsing, it was observed that the structure of the determined factor was in similar harmony with the original scale. The level of validity reliability of SPCSC indicates that it is an appropriate assistive tool in determining the smart phone cyberloafing scale in classes of university students.

PAGE LAY-OUT OF ILLUMINATED NISF AL-QUR’AN IN DECORATED QUR’AN MANUSCRIPTS

Gülnur DURAN, — 2024-08-29

The divine text of the Qur’an manuscript’s 114 surahs begins with Surah al-Fatiha and ends with Surah an-Nas. The first half of the Qur’an manuscript ends with Surah al-Kahf and the second half begins with Surah Maryam. The Qur’an text has been divided to facilitate following, reading and memorizing the text. The smallest divisions are ayats (verses), and the next are surahs (chapters), which consist of the verses. The most common way to divide a Qur’an manuscript is to divide it into thirty fascicles each of which is called juz’. While the art of illumination adds aesthetic value to the book, the decorative elements also function as indicators of the manuscript divisions and provide emphasis. Starting from the beginning of the Qur’an text, the illuminations comprise the stop-signs at the end of the verses, the surah headings at the beginning of every surah, the panels in the text’s empty spaces, the verse markers and margins indicating the divisions of the surahs and verses, and in some manuscripts there are decorations at the beginning of each of the thirty juz’ as well as a decorated page or pages indicating middle of the juz’, the front endpaper at the beginning of the book, the frontispiece at the beginning of the text, the back endpapers, and after the text the added prayer pages and falnama sections. In Qur’an manuscript illumination there are also rare examples of the so-called nisf al-Qur’an where the mid-point of the Qur’an has a single or facing illuminated pages. This paper examines 38 the Qur’an manuscripts from the 14th, 16th, and 18th century with this type of illuminated pages, classifies the page lay-out of the nisf al-Qur’an, and illustrates them with selected manuscripts.

"SOCIAL SERVICES” AS A DETERMINANT OF ACTIVE AGING IN RURAL AREA IN TURKEY

Filiz YILDIRIM,; Eda PURUTÇUOĞLU; Bilge ABUKAN; Duygu ÖZTAŞ , Elif Sinem ARIKAN — 2024-08-29

In Turkey, the urban population including the elderly people is today higher than the rural population. Hence, a vast number of services for different age groups such as children, adults, and elderly are planned according to the population residing in the city. However, the elderly people, in particular, who live in rural area under poor health conditions, live alone, are with no place to stay at or illiterate are ranked among the groups at risk in terms of access to social services. This directly affects the living standards of the elderly living in the rural area and even prevents them from active aging. Because it is important for the elderly to have an access to various services on time and with ease for active aging. In this context, it is quite significant to approach active aging in rural area in terms of physical environment and health services as well as economic, social, individual and behavioral determinants so as to enhance the welfare of elderly. In this collected study, it is aimed at discussing social service needs of elderly in rural area of Turkey in the lights of active aging determinants with reference to the fact that there has been no study having been conducted in national and international social work literature. This objective is considered to be a guide to social work interventions at the micro, mezzo and macro level.

VIOLENCE SCREAM TRAUMA

Yener ÖZENYener ÖZEN,, Hülya BULUT ÖZEN — 2024-08-29

Trauma does not just code in mind, behavior or emotion. Our body remembers how you react to the trauma you experience. Stages, moments, or experiences that are suppressed by our minds in some cases, which are difficult to bring by our memories, are remembered by my body. Looking carefully at the reactions given by our body gives us very important information about the trauma and the post-traumatic life we are experiencing. It is also known that emotional trauma caused by physical violence does not heal as quickly as physical injuries. Domestic violence; includes the behavior of one of the family members to expose the other to emotional, physical and sexual exploitation, to isolate it socially and to control or deprive it materially. Sexual harassment is a problem in every society and culture. There are many social, family and individual difficulties in coping with this situation. Especially in the closed societies, where education and personal rights do not improve, it is more confidential / covered and it has serious problems in terms of being removed, prevented, providing the necessary support to the victims. In this study, types of trauma induced by violence and suggestions for treatment are listed with cognitive psychology approach.

THE RELATION SHIPS BETWEEN SELF QUALIFICATIONS AND SELF ACTIVITIES OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

Hülya USLUOĞLU,, Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

This cross-sectional study is being done to determine the relationship between self-sufficiency and self-care activities of diabetic patients. During the data collection phase of the research (15.06.2017 – 15.09.2017), the study is being done on 402 patients consisting of 216 woman and 186 man who applied to Hatay State Hospital’s internal service and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Data are being collected by using patient diagnosis form, self-sufficiency scale for diabetic patients in diabetes management and diabetes self-care activities scale. Point average of overall and sub-dimensions at patient’s diabetes self-care activities scale respectively found as foot care (2.7±2.4), diet (2.3±1.4), exercise (1.0±1.8) and general diet (2.7±2.6) are below the average; smoke (0.1±0.3), blood glucose test (3.9±2.6) and special diet (3.9±2.6) are over the average. Point average of overall and sub-dimensions at self-sufficiency scale for diabetic patients respectively found as, overall point average (60.9±19.9), blood glucose (3-15, 9.1±4.5), general nutrition and medical treatment control (9-45, 29.9±8.1) over the average; particular nutrition and weight (5-25, 13.4±6.7), physical exercise (3-15, 7.6±3.9) below average. In all recommended sub-dimensions at correlation analysis between the sub-dimensions of self-sufficiency scale at diabetes management and diabetes self-care activities, excluding special diet and grand total, particular nutrition and weight, blood glucose, general nutrition and medical treatment, physical exercise, physical exercise with blood glucose, particular nutrition and weight with smoke, general nutrition and medical treatment, total grand, a positive significant relationship has been found. As a result, while the self-sufficiency of patients related to nutrition, exercise, blood glucose and medical treatment increases, the self-care behavior increases with the same way.

A RESEARCH ON FACTORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN NURSES AND THEIR FREQUENCY

Döne GÜNAY,, Sefer GÜMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

Violence is a very important problem of world societies. It changes country to country. In institutions and organizations, it’s possible to face with various violence types. Reflection of violence to the society in jobs and occupational groups, causes being unsuccessful and very serious problems in business life. Especially in healthcare sector, violence against personnel hurts nurses and patients in hospitals. In this study the aim is to support the solution for violence against healthcare personnel, especially women nurses who are both women and healthcare personnel, by picking the factors that are thought to be connected. The study was formed by interpreting the statistical analysis taken from “Violence Event Form” which is the survey that is answered by 207 of the women nurses of Dr. Sadri Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, by using NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 Statistical Software (Utah, USA). While the study data was being evaluated, alongside of the definitive statistical methods (avg, standard deviation, median, ratio) Student test was used on the comparison of normally distributed variables between groups. On the comparison of non-normally distributed parameters, Mann Whitney U test was used. On the comparison of qualitative data, Pearson Ki-Kare test, Yates Continuity Correction test, Fisher’sExact test and Fisher –FreemanHalton test was used. Results were evaluated in the confidence interval of 95% and relevance was evaluated in the level p<0.05.The answers of nurses in Violence Event Form were classified according to the questions: “age, educational status, marital status, unit, years in the job, weekly work hours, position and being exposed to violence” and the relevance of averages was compared. The result of the study is that 77.3% of nurses are exposed to violence, the attacker is generally relevant to the patient and male, nurses cannot detect the attack before it happens by 80.2%, the attack is generally done in corridor and while the nurse is not alone, the most felt emotion after attack is fear and the event is not reported to the police by 84.1

AN EVALUATION ON HISTORICAL GRAVEYARDS AND BURIAL AREAS IN HASANKEYF

Hatice BALTA, — 2024-08-29

Hasankeyf is a 10000-year-old historical district that is separated by the Tigris River on two sides in Batman province of Southeast Anatolian Region. It has hosted many civilizations as it has maintained its importance in all eras of the history and is located on an important trade route. Having a rich historical heritage, Hasankeyf is important with its architectural texture that dates back to the Roman Period and covers the Islamic periods as well (Artuqids, Ayyubids, Akkoyunlus, Ottomans etc.). It is unfortunate that the deep-rooted history of Hasankeyf will be confined to the waters due to the Ilısu Dam Project. The area of historical tomb stones in Hasankeyf is one of the important cultural centers in terms of reflecting the graveyard traditions that the Turkish culture had in different eras. Many of these stones have fallen into ruin today because of the lack of resistance of the materials used in these areas. The areas where historical grave stones are located are grouped under headings. It was found that they are in the form of historical graveyards and burial areas. Accordingly, they will be grouped and evaluated in this way. Drawings of graveyard structures that are specialized in terms of form and style were made, the scripts written on them were encoded, their ornamentation characteristics were examined, importance of these valuable cultural assets in art history was determined and the place of these works in the Turkish Art was emphasized.

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE THE IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL MEDIA LITERACY

Murat ÖZDEMİR, — 2024-08-29

This study focuses on the importance of critical media literacy education in the development of the Human Rights perspective. The publication of the mass media, which constitutes the social information pool in everyday life, leads to the violation of Human Rights in the social and political context, which is power and hegemony. The mass media with the sovereign structure are publishing a publication that reinforces violence, racism, homophobic discourses that fuel the discourse of hatred against disadvantaged groups in society, and it presents a challenge as a problem in the creation of more equality society. The mass media, rather than creating egalitarian public discourses, encourage hierarchical social organization, fueling conflict in the social space with the "we and others" discriminatory language. For this reason, the necessity of conscious citizens towards the field of media is important for the construction of social peace and democratic society. In this context, the existence of conscious citizens against the mass media publication policy will contribute to the development of the Human Rights perspective. Critical media literacy education to be given to individuals in the context of citizenship right, desire for an egalitarian society that can take a critical look at the media field; discrimination, violence, hatred, gender discrimination, and pressure on the media.

SECOND HAND CLOTHES OF RECYCLING REPLACEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

Ebru ÇORUH,; Nazan AVCIOĞLU KALEBEK; Gökçe ÖZDEMİR ,Tuğba ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

The textile and fashion sector is one of the oldest and largest industries in the world. At the same time, these sectors are open to development. When we examine at the production industry and consumption opportunities of the sector, we see that it creates the most waste. Rapidly developing technology and unconscious use of natural resources and accelerating consumption as a result lead to environmental problems. Environmental pollution is occurring in the framework of all these factors. Serious concerns are inevitable in the face of this serious threat to the future. Due to the increasingly distorted ecological balance, exhausted natural resources and the need to rapidly shift to artificial sources, fashion designers have become increasingly aware of environmental awareness such as "environmentally friendly design", "green fashion" and "slow fashion". All these directions reveal the concept of sustainable fashion. Sustainability has been one of the concepts that have been covering the important area of ethical and ecological system in fashion literature in recent years and trying to secure it by expanding it. What is important here is not only the concept is a new trend, but also we should spread our conscious production and consumption habits at every stage of our lives. Recycling, advanced conversion, recycling of all or some of the waste is a form of production. In this study, waste clothes were provided in the Department of Fashion and Textile Design of Gaziantep University Fine Arts Faculty. Old garments have been given a new look by garnishing the waste materials used in various garments such as leather, yarn, bead, chain and ring. All these designs have been tried to keep the lowest amount of energy, material and cost in the construction process. It is inevitable that example clothes that make them ready for reuse will be an important resource both in terms of sustainability in fashion and emphasis on labor. It seems that designers will uncover new research areas that blend traditional and contemporary techniques together.

EXPLANATION OF USAGE OF WEBSITES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN THE EXAMPLES OF CREATIVE ADVERTISING AGENCIES

Murat ÖZKOYUNCU,, Emine ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

Organizations employ various marketing methods in order to increase sales of goods or services, shape company image or carry out public relation activities. Such kind of efforts which previously were made through traditional media, today are performed also through social networks, web sites and mobile applications due to rapidly developing computer and internet technology. Considering the fact that internet is the fastest and the shortest way of reaching information in the globalized world, it is of great importance to use web sites as a means of marketing communication. Since marketing communication practices are the most important instruments for shaping corporate image and for promotion of services or products within the scope of corporate communication, they are usually carried out under consultancy of creative advertising agencies. However, it is not known to what extent aforementioned advertising agencies are active in their own marketing communications. The aim of the study is to set forth whether creative advertising agencies in Turkey use web sites competently as a means of marketing communication or not. Within the scope of the study, website marketing communication applications of top ten creative advertising agencies in Turkey according to 2017 reports of Nielsen Media Research were comparatively subjected to content analysis within the framework of public relations and advertising. According to research findings, the examined agencies were found not to use web sites effectively as a means of marketing communication with regard to advertising and public relations. Additionally, prominent features and shortcomings were indicated on the basis of individual institutions and agencies were given several advices.

STATUSES OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE WHILE WATCHING TELEVISION OF BİNGÖL UNIVERSITY MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION STUDENTS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF CONVERGENCE CONCEPT

İlkay YILDIZ, — 2024-08-29

The advancing technology in our day have also shown its presence in communication devices. One of the important characteristics of today’s technology that distinguishes it from traditional mass communication instruments is that its ability to provide more than one technology at one’s disposal at once. Individuals who are a part of a process named convergence live completely convergent despite their lack of knowledge about this concept. Emergence of new instruments and methods as a result of advancing technology, has rendered it important to carry out studies on this matter. In this study, only the mass communication instruments aspect of convergence, which is experienced in every area, will be mentioned. Even though television is an older mass communication instrument, using social media while watching television constitutes the main subject of this study. Moreover, attempting to express this situation through the social media usage statuses while watching television of students of Bingöl University media and communication students, is another subject of this study. The method of survey collection has been utilized in the study. The prepared survey has been carried out on the sophomore students of Bingöl University Media and Communication Program. A total of 45 students have been reached and 5 surveys were excluded from evaluation in that they have been not answered properly. In the results of the study, conclusions such as that every student definitely shares content, and they mainly share news programs, and while watching television, they are also actively using the social media has been made.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: AN APPLICATION FOR WOMAN EMPLOYEES IN BANKING SECTOR

Emre KESKİN,, Gülşah KARAVARDAR — 2024-08-29

At the forefront of the most important issues that give advantage to competitive advantage today is business life balance. Work and family life balance is defined to make both work and family areas effective and relevant to its field. Occupational health balancing, human resource management, employee retention strategies open up. Business life balance is important for your employees to consider their morale, commitment and job satisfaction, reduce workplace problems and stressful factors, and hire and retain talented and valued employees of organizations. This balance leads to positive results for employees, and concepts such as loyalty, job performance and motivation are positively affected.The aim of the study is to determine the effects on the organizational commitment of work-life balance for 194 women working in the banking sector, which is heavily employed.

BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS AND THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE BROKERS AT KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG STUDENT “A CASE STUDY IN THE UNIVERSITY”

Nima MIRZAEI,, Taghi SHAKOURI YOUVALARI — 2024-08-29

Knowledge sharing is an essential part of new organization that plans to innovate and improve organizational performance in the competitive market place. Sharing of information has been described by various scholars to present solution or opening new ideas about its function and importance. This work attempts to describe knowledge sharing and its component from perspective and focuses on the sharing systems within the knowledge based organizational groups. Institutes as the main member of knowledge creation organization is highly dependent on the performance of information sharing groups. In this study, a quantitative research approach is used, and primary data is collected by conducting a survey. The collected data is analyzed in SPSS and Smart-PLS by applying different statistical tests such as correlation, regression model and path coefficient. Research findings of the report indicate that there are strong and positive effects of knowledge broker on reducing the role of barriers and improve the facilitator’s role.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF TURKISH-PERSIAN (IRANIAN) RELATIONS DURING PRE AND POST ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON REGIONAL POLITICS (1979-2011)

Abdürrauf AYDIN, — 2024-08-29

Military coup erupted in Turkey in 1980 simultaneous to the Islamic revolution (1979) which took place at a time when a bipolar world in which Warsaw Pact (USSR) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) existed. As a result of these two events, the international and domestic policies appeared to be taking shape again. Committed to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a member of the alliance and adhering to the principle of “Peace at Home, Peace in the World,” Turkey resorted to the course of constructing a new model falling outside of the bipolar world through breaking down economic and political relations with the United States which is the most effective member of the NATO and rearranging its relations with the Warsaw Pact by refereeing to the slogan of “Neither oriental nor occidental Islamic Republic” (neither eastern nor western Islamic Republic). The economic and commercial relations between Iran and Iraq acquired a new dimension during the early years of the Iranian revolution and Iran-Iraq war which lasted eight years. However, important variations (ups and downs) were observed in the interactions of these two states in the aftermath of the Iranian revolution. In this study, the extent of social and economic relations between Turkey and Iran is analyzed before and after Islamic revolution. Taking into the considerations the developments/changes taking place in the recent years in the Middle East, potential impact of such interactions on this region are evaluated for the coming periods.

BETWEEN THE YEARS 2002-2017 APPLIED AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN TURKEY

Sevgi TÜZÜN RAD,, Jülide ASLAN — 2024-08-29

Since the establishment of the importance of protecting the agricultural sector of the Republic of Turkey in terms of economic and agricultural policies are supported by public intervention. Turkey is in arable farmland decreasing tendency in recent years, which has the highest share of arable land for wheat, cotton and sugar beet acreage is declining steadily. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the interaction between the support payments made between the years 2002-2017 on the three products which have a significant share in the agriculture sector and the product cultivation areas. In the study, it was determined that area-based supports and difference payment support were made in wheat and cotton production, support was not generally affecting the cultivation areas of these products, it was determined that area based support payment in sugar beet production was made and the production was not affected without support. Because area-based support payments (especially diesel support) meet a small portion of the input cost of the manufacturer and the increase in input prices is higher than the increase in product prices. Input support given to the manufacturer should be determined by considering the cost of the manufacturer, input prices and product prices.

MEANING AND PURPOSE: THE FUNCTIONALITY OF MYSTICAL COMMENT OF THE ISLAMIC ART

Murat AKSOY, — 2024-08-29

The most common comment on the meaning and purpose of Islamic art is mystical. The mystical interpretation approaching the artist and the work of art in the axis of religion, Social, political and cultural influences in the formation and meaning of Islamic art, and most importantly, aesthetic worries are almost ignore. Looking at these interpretations, it appears that Islamic art has deep philosophical meanings and purposes. It is difficult for the ordinary spectator to know these philosophical meanings. This makes the functionality of mystical interpretation questionable. The art of Islam rises on a trivet of consist of religion, social-political-cultural and aesthetic. From time to time it can be seen that one of these feet has come forward. In some periods and artists, the religious aspect of Islamic art can stand out, while in some areas and artist it is aesthetic. Sometimes it can have very superficial meanings and sometimes it can have very deep meanings. The character of Islamic art is nevertheless religion.

CUISINE CULTURE OF SİVAS AND STATUS OF COOKING LOCAL DISHES

Murat AÇIK,, Funda Pınar ÇAKIROĞLU — 2024-08-29

Although the Turkish cuisine culture is among the most important cuisines of the world, this potential can not be evaluated. In particular, the increase in the consumption of ready-to-eat foods is noteworthy because women enter the business life in cities. This situation causes the forgetting of traditional Turkish food, which is high in nutritional value and delicious. This study was carried out to examine cooking of local dishes of the local families living in Sivas province. In this cross-sectional survey,150 women were included and a questionnaire was applied. Regarding the results of the research, it was determined that the majority of the participants used pots suitable for today's modern living conditions.The most preferred oil was found to be butter and we can say this status as a demonstration of traditional cultures. In terms of the frequency of cooking local dishes, it was found that % 57.7 cook ayran aşı, 24.0% cook Sivas köftesi, 7.3% cook etli madımak, 7.3% evelik sarması, 26.3% cook katmer and 34.0% cook sübüra mezesi at frequently. It was found that the majority of women have never cooked keş çorbası (94.0%), bozmantı (98.0%), üzümleme (92.0%), pehli (98.7%), pancar sarması (88.0%), hasuda (80.0%), kavut (92.0%), telce köftesi (97.3%), haşıl (96.7%), ekşili köfte (98.7%), and tonus köftesi (94%), which are special dishes in Sivas. It is disappointing that quite a few special local dishes are cooked, and even, most of them are hardly cooked.From the point of view of the dishes specific to Sivas, the food culture and its diversity in the city are very rich in terms of gastronomic tourism.In terms of keeping the cultural heritage alive, it is important not only to make touristic works to sustain such a richness but also to encourage people to cook these local dishes and teach them to the next generation.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMY ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH MODEL

Seda Sultan KÜRÜM,, Suna MUĞAN ERTUĞRAL — 2024-08-29

Economic growth and development are important for countries with different growth levels. Economic Growth is a concept that shows the real increase in the GNP. Economic growth and development are very important in developing countries.. The human factor should not be ignored in economic growth. The sustainability of the economy indicates the degree of development in the environmental, economic and social processes. This understanding has revealed the concept of sustainable development, which basically cares for people. We see that human being is the basis of science of economics and psychology. In this context, theoretical and better economic policies can be developed in the field of economics by examining the economic behavior of individuals with behavioral economics. The aim of this study is an general assessment. The main theme of this study was the growth of human factor and the effect of behavioral economics.

SELF AND SOCIETY: THE NARRATION OF THE “OUT OF NORM” AT “THE CONFUSIONS OF YOUNG TÖRLESS “

Didem YAYAN, — 2024-08-29

Robert Musil (1880-1942) is one of the most important figures of Austrian literature. In his works, there is often a struggle to reveal and overcome the indecisiveness of modernity through his figures. His first novel, "The Confusions Of Young Törless " published in 1906, tells about the crises that Törless, a boarding school student in his adolescence, felt in his soul as he passed from puberty to adulthood. But the appearance of these crises is not to be accepted by society. He experiences these crises because he is trying on the one hand to create his own identity but on the other hand he can not find the safe ground he needs for it. However, this is a description of the crises that society and individuals have experienced with the influence of modern turn in the 1900s. For this reason, the crises he has experienced have two dimensions. In this work, the confusions that Törless lived and the extraordinary sexual impulses that emerged at this time, will be read as an indication of an identity crisis that arises from the fact that the individual existence is being ignored by the technical thinker.

CAN BE SYMBOLIC CAPITAL AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION AGAINST CAPITALISM? IF NOT, IS IT NECESSARY TO ACCEPT THAT HUMAN IS A BEING FOND OF TO HIS INTEREST?

Mustafa SOLMAZ, — 2024-08-29

It is aim of this study to show the areas or relationships in which symbolic capital is valid, which provides a sense of pride and honor, and which is presented by Bourdieu as remedy against the capitalism, its operating logic and changes taking place in them. For this, first of all it was attempted to explain how symbolic capital has a function in relations of gift-counter gift, of religious, family, scientific, artistic fields, of relationships among lovers and various partnerships of capital owners. Later, it has been shown that significant transformations have taken place in all these mentioned areas or relationships and symbolic capital has become subject to the interested logic of homoeconomicus. It has been attempted to prove by applying to various ethnographic studies, clay tablets and other written sources that this case is related primarily with the fact that human is fond of to his interest including primitive communities, since the beginning of civilization. It has been reached as a result that in order to put an effective method of struggle against capitalism, or to be wanted to reduce its negative effects, it must be taken into consideration that human is fond of to his interest otherwise a valid and applicable concrete solution can not be achieved.

THE INTERNATIONAL AUDIT NETWORK MEMBERSHIP OF INDEPENDENT AUDIT FIRMS IN TURKEY AND ITS INCOME EFFECTS

Aslıhan E. BOZCUK, — 2024-08-29

This study looks at international audit network membership of independent audit firms operating in Turkey by comparing and contrasting their key attributes, exploring the interplay between these attributes and analysing its income effects. By performing sector-wide as well as sub-group analysis the study aims to describe the scale and scope of international audit network involvement among audit firms in Turkey. Findings show that audit firms that are members of international audit networks tend to be older (and more experienced), bigger and generating more income than their peers. The study finds that, international audit network membership has a positive and significant (at the 1% level) effect on income, measured as total income per auditor. This positive effect prevails (at the 5% level) even when the Big4 auditors are excluded from the analysis in order to eliminate their dominant effect by their sheer size. Conversely, the study fails to find a significant relationship between income and the variables related with audit Quality Assurance Systems and Quality Control Systems.

ETİL LİDERLİK ALGISI VE ÖRGÜTSEL ÖZDEŞLEŞMENİN ÖRGÜTSEL DEĞİŞİME YATKINLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Bülent DEMİR,; Gülbeniz AKDUMAN , Zeynep HATİPOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the perception of ethical leadership and organizational identification on organizational change susceptibility. Sampling is included in all of the survey forms that are applied to 306 white-collar workers who are easily accessed by sampling online. A questionnaire consisting of four parts was used as data collection tool in the research. The first part of the data collection tool is a personal information form. In the second part of the questionnaire, the Ethical Leadership Scale developed by De Hoogh and Den Hartog (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Alkan (2015) and the reliability and validity studies were done. In this study, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.95; the Cronbach Alpha coefficients of the sub-dimensions were calculated as 0,90 - 0,95 - 0,90, respectively. In the third part of the questionnaire, Organizational Identity Scale developed by Cheney (1984) and adapted to Turkish by Fidan (2012) and reliability and validity studies are done. In this study, "Identification" sub-dimension was used from 6 items. In this study, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.86. In the fourth part of the questionnaire, the Variation Susceptibility Scale developed by Seren (2005) is included. In this study, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0,93. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package Program for Social Science (SPSS) 21.0 program. As a result of the research, positive and significant relationship between ethical leadership perception and organizational identification and change tendency were found. Employees with high levels of ethical leadership perception and organizational identification tend to have organizational change tendencies.

THE VALUE STREAM MAPPING METHOD IN PRODUCTION OF DENIM PANTS AND A CASE STUDY

Sibel ESER,, Mehmet Selami YILDIZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study was to identify problems and to create a more efficient working method in the sewing section of the X denim company using the lean manufacturing system instead of conventional production techniques. In this way, it will be possible to identify bottlenecks, lost times, non-value added phases and to focus on valued activities with less sources. For this purpose, the value stream mapping method- a lean production technique- was employed. Before applying these techniques, we made observations at the sewing section of the company and collected data in order to map the current state and reveal the problems. Using the lean manufacturing methods, potential solutions were determined for the problems identified and a road map was determined. Thereafter, a new working plan was put into practice. The findings obtained though these application studies demonstrated irregular fabric transfer from the cutting section, complicated work stream, unnecessary transfer of products, excessive number of processing steps and employees, bottlenecks, and time losses. Ultimately, the implementation of the value stream mapping method enabled the optimum use of the resources in the sewing department, created a better organized working environment, eliminated unnecessary operations, provided a new single-line work stream, eliminated bottlenecks and waiting periods and reduced the number of workers from 72 to 67. With a %66 improvement, the manufacturing time was decreased from 16 minutes 131 seconds to 10 minutes 756 seconds.

TIGHTNESS-LOOSENESS AND PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT

Önder SAKAL,, Recep MACİT — 2024-08-29

In this study, the mediating role of psychological empowerment between tightness-looseness and performance was examined. The sample of the survey is composed of 197 tourism sector employees. A moderately positive correlation was found between tightness-looseness and psychological empowerment dimensions, meaning and control perception. The moderate positive relationship between meaning and control perception and job performance is consistent with the literature. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the tightness-looseness component and the performance perception of the employee. According to the findings of regression analysis, it is concluded that the relationship between tightness-looseness and job performance has an mediating role in psychological empowerment.

İŞ DOYUMU VE GELECEĞE BAKIŞ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Mehmet ALTINÖZ,, Demet CAKIROGLU — 2024-08-29

People join the business environment to accomplish some goals. They find satisfaction in the work and private life as they achieve and attain their aims; and their job and private life satisfaction decreases and their loyalty to the institution decreases as they drift apart from their goals. People have some needs in the institutions they work for. Some of these needs are physiological, some are psychological or social needs. As long as these needs are met, employees find job satisfaction in their institutions and this also contributes to private life satisfaction. Otherwise, it is difficult for employees who do not meet their psychological, social or physiological needs to find satisfaction in the workplace. It can be argued that an unsatisfactory work environment will have an effect that weakens the organizational commitment of employees and strengthens their intention to leave work. On the other hand, a healthy work environment that provides job satisfaction can be considered to enhance the employee's job satisfaction. There are some means of empowering employees’ loyalty to their institutions. These are democratic management tools such as participation in management, taking responsibility, taking initiative, and strengthening the workforce. For this, it is necessary to create an environment that will ensure that the employees of the institution take responsibility, reward the achievements and make them look more hopeful and confident in the future. It is necessary to take internal and external motivational measures that will strengthen the emotional, psychological and social needs of the employees in the institutions, shortly enough to find job satisfaction, job security, opportunities for promotion, opportunity to show themselves, effective communication, corporate justice, corporate commitment and organizational citizenship. All these healing administrative tools can be expected to empower employees' psychological contracts with the organization. The aim of this study is to examine the job satisfaction and future perspective of health personnel working in public and private hospitals operating in Ankara and make various suggestions. For this purpose, the factors affecting job satisfaction and future perspective of the healthcare personnel working at the said institutions were examined and suggestions were made in this frame. It has been understood from the research findings that there is a meaningful difference between the job satisfaction of the health care employees in public and private hospitals and their perspective on the future. In terms of job satisfaction, the level of job satisfaction of health care employees in private hospitals is relatively higher, while it is understood that health care employees working in public hospitals have higher average perception than those in private hospitals in terms of being hopeful. It is hoped that the research carried out within this context will contribute to the applicant and field studies.

MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION OVERSEAS SCHOOLS’ ROLE IN PRACTISES OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: PARENTS’ VIEWS

Münevver ÇETİN,, Bahar DOĞAN — 2024-08-29

Public diplomacy affairs with information spreads far and wide by penetrating in globalizing world are known to effect foreign public opinion’s perspectives oriented countries. In recent years as a national power appearing its soft power by activating with public diplomacy affairs countries can convert either own citizenship’s or foreign countries’s citizenship’s opinions in the context of existing national policy. Education and cultural works which are components of soft power can help to be practise aimed policies rapidly. For this purpose, within the context of this research of titled “ The Role of Ministry of National Education Overseas Schools in Practises of Public Diplomacy: Parents’ Views” parents’ which live in Kuwait and are determined with maximum variation sampling method views were applied. In this research qualitative research method was used and data were obtained through semi-structured interview questions by practising face to face interview technique. In the consideration of findings obtained from research parents need leadership in relation to be able to undertake roles for public diplomacy practises, explain their expectations and offers at a level of embassy and school, are in need of integration by foreign public opinion and being represented as Turkish citizenship living in Kuwait. Also parents underlined that schools have an important role about foreign language teaching.

EXAMINING THE VIOLENCE TENDENCIES AND SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF 9TH GRADE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SOME VARIABLES

Mürşide EMİROĞLU,, Recep BİNDAK — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to determine relationship between violence tendency, social problem solving skills and some demographic variable of employed by high school students. A total of 176 students (47.2% male and 52.8% female) students who continue their education in different two high school Mersin city. The study data were collected using Violence Tendency Scale, Social Problem Solving Scale. As a result of the study, there is a significant negative correlation between violence tendency and social problem solving skills. Tendencies of violence were found to be similar among girls reading at the same school and boys studying at the same school. The level of violence of the girls in AL was found higher than that of the girls in IHL. In terms of social problem solving skills, AL students are homogeneous whereas IHL students are heterogeneous. The social problem solving skills of male students in AL were found higher than male students in IHL. As a result, it can be said that social problem solving skills in AL are more homogenous than İHL.

SOME BANDITRY EVENTS IN THE OTTOMAN PERIOD IN ANAMUR DİSTRİCT

Mehmet TAŞ, — 2024-08-29

Anamur is the westernmost province of Mersin vilayetimiz, which is the former name of İçel. It has a rich geographical diversity and a sociological richness consisting of different tribes. Here, steep mountains, high mountains, deep valleys, as well as many nomadic communities like Tekeli, Menemenci, Bahşiş and Sarı Keçili are hosted. A few hundred years ago, due to its rugged geographical structure, livestock has become one of the most important sources of livelihood. Içel, which is part of Anamur, also has the same shape of the earth and it has a geographical and generally mountainous and rugged appearance. The weakness of the road network which gives access to the mountains due to the mountains running parallel led to important problems in the Ottoman period. has become an area of refuge and activity as well as suitable for bandits and brigands. The banditry activities facilitated by the geographical situation throughout İçel and in the Anamur led to significant problems. The roads with reduced security, weak roads became dangerous for the merchants,Many of the villages and towns that have lost their innocent people's lives have suffered damage from these banditry incidents. In this study, many examples of these banditry incidents have been reported in the light of these examples. tried to be included. Key Words: Anamur, Icel, Bandit, Tekeli, Ottoman State

THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE FINANCIAL DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS

Aslıhan E. BOZCUK,, Muhammed DUMAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to look at the general investment behaviour of the Turkish individual investors, in an emotional intelligence context. A well-established survey that includes an emotional intelligence scale was shared on online investment communities of social network platforms. The results are consistent with prior findings in the field. The findings show that emotions frequently come into play for investment decisions. There is evidence that investors often use the availability heuristic, and that past investment experience is an important factor for investment behaviour. Additionally, a positive mood is found to make the decision process faster and easier, while also leading to optimism for investors. Investors who are successful in their investments receive plenty of positive feedback from others. Therefore, it is fair to say that, some investors engage in financial trading not just to make a profit, but also to receive respect and acceptance from the public. Additionally, there is a non-linear relationship between the desired level of risk and the emotional intelligence score. The very low risk sub group has the highest emotional intelligence. Finally, as consistent with prior literature, the risk appetite of male respondents is found to be higher than females’.

EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING

Hülya USLUOĞLU,, Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

Evidence-based practice contains combining the best and current evidences with clinical experience, assessment and the preference of patients during the solution of a clinical problem. Nowadays, having restricted resources, the appropriate resource should be used affectively. For this reason, evidence has an important role. Evidence based practices in health have become popular primarily at the field of nursing and medicine. In recent years, tending in evidence-based nursing has been crucial for the patient care, enhancing and maintaining it bio-psycho-socially. Evidence based nursing is a new and sophisticated field, using proved knowledge carefully, clearly and logically while deciding on a patient care. Practically it can take shape by combining the best clinical evidence acquired from systematic investigation with individual clinical experience. It is only the nurses who can provide that service. This can happen by supporting traditional nursing with the best evidences, and evaluating the clinical resources by reliable diagnostic tests, precious prognostic markers, and the efficiency of the treatment and putting them into practice. It aims to optimize the modality through patient and disease via the connection of the clinical experience and the information obtained from the study and putting them into practice. Ultimately, evidence-based practice enables the scientification of nursing practice. As nurses, we should have a curious, suspicious and scientific look for all the attempts made to achieve our aim and find evidence. Seeing that the best evidence is the one which is obtained as a result of scientific survey, nursing care also should base upon a scientific foundation

INVESTIGATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE SKILLS IN TERMS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES

Hasan Güner BERKANT,; Zeynep ERMEYDAN , Gülay BEDİR — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of this research is to investigate university students’ metacognitive skills in terms of various variables. This is a descriptive research which is based on correlational survey model. The population of the research consisted of the students attending to Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Education during 2016-2017 educational years. The sample included 411 students determined from this population by using convenience sampling technique. “The Scale of Metacognitive Skills” was used to collect data. The findings of the analyses for class level variable show that junior and senior students’ metacognitive skills are significantly higher than freshman students’ metacognitive skills while junior students’ metacognitive skills are significantly higher than sophomore students’ metacognitive skills. The findings of the analyses for branch variable indicate that science teacher candidates’ metacognitive skills are significantly higher than classroom teachers candidates’ and Turkish teachers candidates’ metacognitive skills. The findings of the analyses for grade point average show that the students whose grade point average is between 3-3.49 have significantly higher than the students whose grade point average is between 0-1.99, between 2-2.49, and between 2.50-2.99. Also, there is no significant difference between students’ metacognitive skills in terms of their genders and the high school type they graduated from.

DISCIPLINARY APPROACH SCALE: VALIDITY AND RELIABLILITY STUDY

İsmet KAYA,, H. Fazlı ERGÜL, Cemal AKÜZÜM — 2024-08-29

In this research, it is aimed to develop a measurement tool which will enable to measure teachers' disciplinary approaches in a valid and reliable way based on student perceptions. The participants of the research is composed of 340 high school students that study in high schools of Diyarbakır Province in 2017-2018 academic year. Expert opinion has been consulted for the scope and appearance of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have been carried out for the validity of the scale. At the end of EFA, a structure composed of two factors and 39 items that explain %44.90 of the total variance was obtained. The emerging factors were named as Traditional Approach and Contemporary Approach, and the scale "Disciplinary Approach Scale (DAS)". The findings obtained from CFA showed that the structure composed of 39 items and two factors related to DAS has sufficient compliance indices. The reliability of DAS was examined by internal consistency method and was determined that it was within the acceptable limits. At the result of findings, it was determined that Disciplinary Approach Scale (DAS) is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure teachers’ disciplinary approaches based on students’ perceptions.

ENERGY POLITICS IN TERMS OF TURKEY’S EUROPEAN UNION PRACTICES

Filiz KUTLUAY TUTARFiliz KUTLUAY TUTAR,; Erdinç TUTAR , Gülhan AKER — 2024-08-29

Energy, which could be briefly defined as “ability to do work”, is one of the very basic requisites for maintenance of human life in a healthy, safe and comfortable way. From an economist’s scope of view, realization of production process and sustainment of life under modern circumstances are depended on energy. As the basic input of socio-economic improvement, energy has become an essential need of the World and our country with each passing day. The fact that gradual increment in the decline of limited fossil fuels, has been widely understood among the masses; and impelled countries to revise their energy policies and to utilize energy efficiently and fruitfully. The strengths / weaknesses analysis of strategically important energy in our country’s E.U. membership process constitutes the purpose of this study.

KÜRESELLEŞME VE YAŞLILIK KAVRAMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Emre BİRİNCİ, — 2024-08-29

Although the concept of globalization, which has been used frequently since the 1980s, is considered as an economic process, it can not be overlooked that the social and cultural dimensions of globalization are also present. Globalization is a process that affects the whole world, especially the effects on developing countries are felt more intensely. Globalization in particular has an intense effect on the social structure. Neo-liberal policies have been influential in the increase of these effects in recent years, showing their effect all over the world. The collapse of the nation states led to the emergence of the aftermath of the end, leading to significant developments in the field of communication and transport, resulting in increased social and cultural influences.The negative effects of globalization are influenced by the elderly as well as by the whole society. Today, the average life span increases with the technological developments and the progressive type, with the decreasing birth rates and the proportion of the elderly in the total population is also increasing. Although old age appears as an individual problem area, it is actually a social problem area. Along with the increase in the elderly population in the society, many economic, cultural and sociological problems also arise.

ZONGULDAK’S FIRST BASIN NEWSPAPER: ‘‘KÖMÜR’’ (1940-1957)

Zafer ÇİL, — 2024-08-29

In this study, the publication adventure of the Coal newspaper published by Tahir Karauğuz in Zonguldak and the author cadre were discussed. The study, based on the examination of the newspaper copies obtained from Ankara National Library collections, included information revealing the structure of the newspaper and its publishing principles. In this context, in accordance with data obtained by following qualitative content analysis method, a framework was drawn to reveal the publication policy of the newspaper.

INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS, CITY PLANNING AND URBANIZATION PRACTICES IN TURKEY

Ahmet Ferda SEYMEN, — 2024-08-29

The research will review relevant literature to understand the conditions of city planning and urbanization works during the late Ottoman era and its transformation to the newly formed Turkish Republic. The formation of relevant institutions within the new government and public authorities concerning city planning and design will also be studied. The research will continue to compare the development of urbanization in England for effectively manifesting the Industrial Revolution, the renaissance, economic and social independence by achieving one of the highest income per capita in the world. The study will further investigate western urbanization implementations and seek for correlations between the works of western societies and the Turkish deployments.

A TEACHING MODEL ON THE DIDACTICS OF REDUPLICATIONS IN TEACHING OF GERMAN AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Ergün SERİNDAĞ, — 2024-08-29

Reduplications, which can be simply defined as dual phrases that have been formed repeating a word or a phone in the word, are one of the most substantial and powerful structures in Turkish, making the language remarkably rich, compared with the western languages. This conclusion basically relies on the fact that having rich vocabulary is not the only prerequisite to describe a language as ‘rich’, but it is also required that the language contain multiple meanings attributed to formulaic structures commonly used as reduplications – meanings that are different from the original meanings of the individual words forming the reduplication phrase. In some cases, it appears that some words which do not have a meaning on their own in daily language become semantically meaningful only when they are used in a reduplication, which is one of the various functions of reduplications in Turkish. In this regard, the fact that Turkish and the western languages are typologically and genetically different from each other, meaning reduplications are different structurally and semantically in these languages, poses a challenge for the learners and teachers of western languages. Within this context, a German learner whose native language is Turkish will transfer the structural and semantic features of reduplications to German and this will cause him/her to be misunderstood or not to be understood at all, if not aware of the structural and semantic differences between the two languages. Connected with this, it has been another major concern of this study to draw attention to the importance of reduplications and to help give due consideration to the teaching of reduplications as an integral part of communicative competence in foreign language teaching, and at the same time, to suggest a sample lesson to both teach and learn reduplications in teaching German as a foreign language.

BUREAUCRATIC AND FINANCING BARRIERS OF RURAL TOURISM ENTERPRISES

Doğan KUTUKIZ,; Saim ASLAN , Suat AKYÜREK — 2024-08-29

Factors such as natural life, cultural riches, various activities, organic productions in rural areas increase tourism demand for rural areas. In order to meet this demand coming from the square, small-scale rural tourism enterprises unique to the region are opened. Bureaucratic obstacles and financing are among the most important problems of rural tourism initiatives that are very important in the development and development of rural areas. Many enterprises fail because they cannot overcome the bureaucratic obstacles that they face during the establishment period and other periods and cannot reach the financing source that they need. The purpose of this study is to determine what kind of bureaucratic obstacles are in the establishment of tourist enterprises in rural areas and how they are overcome, as well as what types of financing sources they use, what type of financing source is used, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of these financing options. The research was carried out in the Fethiye region, where rural tourism services are concentrated, and semi-structured interviews were conducted.

CLIMATE AND CIVILIZATION

İskender DÖLEK, — 2024-08-29

No matter how widely the climate change is debated, we are not anywhere near comprehending the core of the phenomenon since we are not yet at a stage to exactly comprehend the complex relations within the ecosystem. We are in the opinion that with the vast background knowledge we have we will be able to sort out any problems as our perception of civilization is based on technological advances. The main source of life in nature is the Sun. Through photosynthesis by plants, solar energy is transformed into chemical energy that can be used by living organisms. The protein and carbohydrates that are essential for the continuity of human life can only be obtained from plants through this cycle. The sustainable version of this production is called agriculture. The period called Neolithic age is acknowledged as the period when human beings took up settled life and agriculture in different parts of the world, when an agricultural surplus occurred and when the urban life and civilization actually commenced. Climate change is the problem of humanity in one aspect and it threatens the urban life and therefore the agricultural activities that gave life to civilization. An increase of 1 degree centigrade in the temperature average will lead to a decrease of ten percent in the production of wheat, rice and maize which are used as the main food sources. In a century when the temperature increases by several degrees, the agricultural life might completely disappear. In conclusion, climate changes will destroy the agricultural order that gave life to civilization. The impact of this will cause the rejection of the system by the people who cannot make use of this organization sufficiently and disclaim of the existing rules and order by the same. While giving way to the collapse of our existing civilization, it is possible that climate change will form the base for the rise of other civilizations.

ERKEK ÖĞRENCİ HEMŞİRELERİN MESLEK SEÇİMİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER İLE PROFESYONEL BENLİK KAVRAMLARI ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ

Birgül Cerit,; Kamile KIRCA , Hüsna ÖZVEREN — 2024-08-29

The professional self-concept of the students affects the choice of profession, the image of the profession, the perception of the profession, the professional satisfaction and exhaustion level. Raising of student nurses having strong self-concepts will ensure presenting qualified patient care by positively affecting their patients and their profession. The aim of this study is to determine effect of the factors affecting the choice of profession in male students of nursing department on the concept of professional self-concept. The study was descriptive and correlational in design. The study's data were obtained from 107 male students in nursing department. The research data were collected using the profession choice scale in nursing and the professional self-concept in nursing students scale. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used. It has been determined that the students who participated in the research have been affected by the factors affecting the profession choice more than the average value. Students think that professional self-concepts have improved in the positive direction over the average value. Correlation analysis results have showed that there is a positive, significant, and weak relationship between factors affecting profession choice and professional self-concepts of male students. It has been revealed that factors affecting profession choice in male student nurses are predictive of professional self-concepts. It was determined that the factors affecting profession choice of male student nurses affect their professional self-concept levels.

THE SINGLE PARTY IN AFRICA: NATURE, EVOLUTION AND ROLE IN THE POLITICAL GOVERNANCE. FROM THE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD TO THE PRESENT DAYS.

Jean,Philippe GUNN, — 2024-08-29

The last decade of the 20th century was characterized by a resurgence of multiparty in African. From 1960 to1990, African states were under the single party system introduced by the new elites who have the responsibility of the management of these states. For many years, single parties were ruling African States and brought dictatorship in the mode of governance. The result was negative and from 1990 another mode of governance called multiparty system appeared. This new system put the single party in a bad situation and opposition parties emerged in order to challenge the single party’s authority. To be visible in the political arena, the single party made changes and didn’t disappear. Despite the wave of democratic renewal in African countries, the former single party is still in front of the political stage and is still in power in some countries. The present study aims to study one the evolution of the single party system since it was installed after independence until the present days.

THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL ON ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE: A RESEARCH ON UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Hasan TUTAR,; Emre ORUÇ , Önder GÜRSEL — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the psychological capital has an effect on organizational silence. For this purpose, the study was carried out on 91 administrative staff working at a university operating in Marmara Region and working at different levels. The data of the study was developed by Avey, Avolio and Luthans (2011), developed by Van Dyne, Ang and Botero (2003), "Short Form of Psychological Capital Scale (PSO-12)" adapted to Turkish by Oruç (2018) It was collected by the "Organizational Silence Scale" adapted to Turkish by poison (2010). Structural equality model was used to validate the scales belonging to variables while correlations and effects between variables were determined by correlation and regression analyzes in the study. According to the findings, the psychological capital has reached the result that the accepting silent negatively affects the silence for defensive purposes and the ProSocial silence of the organization positively.

CHILDREN ABUSE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Polat TUNÇER, — 2024-08-29

Child abuse is a global and serious question. In developed countries the work done to solve this problem is relatively better. However, it is not possible to reset this problem against all studies. In addition, this problem is not a simple law problem, but requires that the public administration work in a multi-faceted and planned manner and take serious consideration of the issue. The legal arrange-ments made by the European Union (EU) and the efforts of the public administration can be said to reduce or even control this problem. Because the EU has taken important measures in the legal context and has seen this issue as a violation of human rights and has taken it in this context and has set vari-ous standards. In addition, the Council of Europe published the "Integrated Strategic Document Against Violence" in 2009, and it has guided the Union countries and opened the doors of cooperation. It is also a fact that the communication and transportation facilities offered by technological developments are important in terms of child abuse and lead to the growth of social welfare. For this reason, the EU has foreseen the need to address this issue in a holistic approach and has supported its members on this issue. The EU is aware that the issue of child abuse can be solved with an educated and conscious society. Public administration has important responsibilities in this issue as it is in many subjects. In this article, which deals with child abuse, one of the most important issues of our era, we tried to present an overview of the EU context.

A RESEARCH ON THE RELATION BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY TRENDS AND PERCEPTION OF TOURISM IMPACTS

Süleyman AĞRAŞ,; Said KINGIR , Eyüp AKTÜRK — 2024-08-29

In this study, the relations between the perceptions of the effects of tourism and religiosity of the citizens living in the provinces Turkey's three major tourism destination with their different tourist product capacity,Antalya Trabzon and Nevşehir were discussed. The questionnaire was used as the data collecting tool in the survey where the quantitative research method was followed. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyzes were used in the analysis of the obtained data. The research revealed that the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the participants did differ in research findings. The results showed that there was a relationship between religiosity tendencies and perception of economic and environmental influences of tourism, and demographic variables such as gender, marital status and age indicated that participants' religiosity tendencies and participation in tourism effects differed.

RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE AS A TERM: A HISTORICAL REVIEW

Abdullah AKGÜL, — 2024-08-29

Religious experience has been one of the most popular topics of the philosophy of religion in the last century. In the most general sense, it is "the experience of meeting with the holy." This phenomenon is as old as human history. Such an old subject has entered the agenda of philosophy as a term in a particular period. The influence of this period cannot be denied. Religious experience as a term reflects the religious and philosophical mentality of the period in which it began to be used. This article deals with being a term of the religious experience. This work claims that it is a product of a particular period and there are some meanings given to it and giving these meanings for other religions is problematic.

Though it has entered into the literature of philosophy in the 19th century, it is based on the period of reform. The first use of the term is specific to Protestantism, but the latter was used for all religions.

Along with the reform, the supernatural experiences were regarded as the most authentic truths. It takes its position in the literature as being influenced by the Enlightenment, accepted as irrational, unexplainable, its epistemological value is controversial, instant, untransferable, extraordinary experiences.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ÇALDIRAN PLAIN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

Rıfkı SINDIR, — 2024-08-29

In this study aiming to reveal the geomorphological characteristics of Çaldıran Plain and its surroundings; the formation and development of different geomorphological units have been investigated. The developments in recent years have brought to the forefront the idea that a rational equilibrium must be established between the natural environment and human beings. For this reason, it is inevitable to know the geomorphological properties of any region and to use different morphological units efficiently. While the internal factors and processes around Çaldıran Plain provide the formation of the main morphological units, the fluvial processes break down these morphological units in some places deeply, causing the forms of erosion and accumulation. These are mountainous areas that have curled up as a result of orogenic movements. It is the basin of the plateau formed by the erosion-accumulation events that develop according to the local base level which changes while the mountainous areas rise again due to faulting as a result of the neotectonic movements that took place in the Middle Miocene. The effect of orogenic movements in the formation of the region has been accompanied by the epirogenic-cratogenic movements associated with the beginning of the Neotectonic period in the Middle Miocene. As a result of volcanic activity, abundant volcanic material emerged and spread to a very wide area and this morphological view was revealed.

ANALYSES OF CAUSALITY TESTS IN EDUCATION AND HEALTH WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONS IN TURKEY; SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC ANALYSES OF PERSPECTIVE

Levent AKSU, — 2024-08-29

Especially in the 21st century, information technology and its use are considered as a catalyst for economic and social transformation. Therefore, the transformation of the human capital into qualified ones will be possible if the person is educated in good quality. Today, the technological structure has turned into a way to make the labor (human raising) factor much more important, stemming from the increased importance of labor in the production process. The most important social state principle was to protect the health of the community, improve living conditions and provide good nutrition at the top of the factors that increase the adherence to life while educating and educating the labor in a society. This study includes analysis of the developments in the field of education and health, which play a role in training labor as a qualified and qualified labor force, on economic growth. econometric analysis using statistical data covering the period 1960 to 2009 were made in Turkey. In econometric analysis, a short and long-term causality relationship between economic growth and variables such as education, health and survival was sought. Granger causality test and Toda-Yamamoto (MWALD) causality tests were used. Unit root tests and Zivot-Andrews fracture tests were performed. While the Granger causality test and the short-term causality relationship were examined and examined, the long-term causality relationship was examined by the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. Similar results were obtained in both causality tests. When we examine the relationship between schooling rates and economic growth, we find that there is a significant causal relationship between economic growth and primary schooling expenditures, while there is a positive positive causality relationship between educational expenditures and economic growth in the short and long term. Similarly, a meaningful causality between high school enrollment rate and economic growth has been determined, but no significant causality relationship between high school enrollment rate and growth has been found. A causality relationship has been identified from the Ministry of Health budget to economic growth. There is no causal relationship between life expectancy and economic growth.

THE EFFECT OF 4D MOBILE APPLİCATIONS ON SUCCESS AND STUDENT ATTITUDES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: MANN-WHITNEY U TEST

Alper KAYABAŞI,; Nedim DİKMEN , Mehmet Akif HAŞILOĞLU — 2024-08-29

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 4D mobile applications on success and student attitudes in science education. Pretest - Posttest Control Group Design was used in the study. The study group consisted of 28 students, 17 of whom were in the experimental group and 11 of them were in the control group.Using the application called space4D in the 5E Teaching Method Exploration Phase, 12 lesson hours have been processed as "Earth, Sun and Moon" unit with The Experimental Group Students. In the Control Group, the "World, Sun and Moon" unit has been taught with 5E teaching method for 12 hours.The validity and reliability analyses of the questions used as the pre-test have been carried out by applying to 100 (one-hundred) 6th grade students studying at 3 village schools in Unye County of Ordu Province. As a result of the analysis of the data, it has been found that there is no significant difference between the experimental group students and the control group students in terms of the Mann-Whitney U test results pre-post test success. In order to determine their thoughts on the application called Space4D, five students in the Experimental Group have been interviewed selected randomly

ABOUT THE GENESIS FLOOD

İskender DÖLEK,, Naci ÖZSOY — 2024-08-29

The flood narrative which can be in the interest areas of many scientific fields, can also be evaluated in the field of geography which can be roughly defined as the science of places, particularly in the field of historical geography. The flood narrative is described alike in Sumerian, Babylonian and Hittite records, Indian epics, some legends narrated in the Wales, Greek epics, American-Indian myths and Chinese-origin stories, the Qur'an, Torah and Bible. It is very interesting how this detailed and coherent information about the flood has spread in such distant and culturally different regions of the world. The common belief in our day is a great flood occurred in geographical region, which is called Mesopotamia today, and Noah’s Ark takes place in the Mount Cudi or Ağrı. The fact that many legends narrating the flood are originated from Mesopotamia is the important historical factor supporting this belief. However, there are scientifically proven traces of a great flood that took place in nearly 8000 thousand years ago in the Black Sea region. This is neither the first, nor one-time flood that occurred in the history of the region. According to the climate history of the region, many natural events can be seen. The Mediterranean, which dried out and became a desert as a result of climate change and drought, turned into a large water mass when the Atlantic Ocean flooded over the Strait of Gibraltar, and the ocean waters filled the Mediterranean basin again. Searching for a scientific ground for a theological event narrated in holy texts like the Genesis Flood is very challenging for modern science. Since theological issues are mostly assessed as metaphysics and evaluated in a different field and the narrations in the holy texts are not recognized as references in modern science. The Genesis Flood, which is similarly narrated in different cultures, is a historical event. The framework of modern history is mostly shaped by politics and economics. The assessment of historical events is mostly determined by the approach of these two fields (wars, economic developments, etc.). Therefore, claiming that the invasion of France and England by Vikings in A.D. 835 resulted from cold weather conditions, increasing snowfalls and the drought in this cold period may not be satisfactory for a historian. On the other hand, climatology measurements can offer more precise results compared to the documents used by a historian. Drought as a result of cold and snowfalls made Vikings who could not cultivate, could not use the sea sources efficiently and suffered from hunger plundered the Europe as far as France in the 9th century. The Epic of Gilgamesh is very interesting as a source including the first written text about the flood. The earliest book, Epic of Gilgamesh, can also be considered as the first climate book which mentions a long-term and intense rainfall covering the place of the epic. This epic is one of the epics of Homer and 2 thousands years before Hittite tablets. The epic depicts how Utnapishtim (Prophet Noah) built a legendary ship against the raising waters and moved to the north (Mount Ağrı) to escape from the waters with his community and domestic animals. The epic includes the dedication of Sumerian king Gilgamesh to his people, who were saved from the flood, and his tragic journey to find immortelle. It is not precisely known from where Sumerians, who use writing for the first time in the world history and have a rich civilization, came to Mesopotamia. However, according to various data, it can be assumed that Sumerians are not native community of Mesopotamia, but northern people who escaped from the Black Sea deluge and moved to the south, taught local people about how to build water channels, agriculture and cultivate; and the Genesis Flood is an event that occurred around the Black Sea rather than Mesopotamia as a result of a climate anomaly.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYER BRAND ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTION AND INTENTION TO JOIN ORGANIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

Murat GÜLER,, H. Nejat BASIM — 2024-08-29

By the increasing competition in the labor market, where the business enterprises’ provide human resources from, the ways of coping with the problematic of attracting and retaining the qualified employees in the organization have come into prominence. In this research, the relationships between employer brand, organizational attraction and intention to join organization have been examined by focusing on the concept of employer brand. The structural equation model analysis was conducted with the quantitative data which was collected by the questionnaire method from 539 applicants, who had applied to a public higher education institution in the field of security. As a result of the study, the intangible (symbolic) benefits which would be provided by the organization to the applicant, namely the emotional and psychological satisfaction that would be felt when being a member of the organization were found to have a meaningful effect on the applicants’ perception of the organization as attractive and their intention to join the organization. The findings discussed in the context of literature.

GOD AND WORLD IN THE ONTOLOGY OF AL-GHAZALI

Abdullah AKGÜL, — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this article is to reveal al-Ghazali's understanding of God and world on the ontological basis. He bases the purpose of existence of the world with to know God. In such a study, it is difficult to distinguish ontology from epistemology. Al-Ghazali classifies beings in different perspectives. However, all beings consist of the God and acts of God. God is a unique entity, which is compulsory, source of existence and sacred. His adjectives are with him. God is completely different from what he created. Creatures cannot fully grasp it. God is not far from the world, but he is very close to his servants. The world is everything outside of God and his attributes. All beings are acts of God. The world owes its existence and continuation to God. The world that is the act of the God actually introduces us to the God. The purpose of the creation of the world is to introduce God.