SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2018 Issue 20

SURVEY OF THE ELEMENTARY STUDENT’S ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES BY LEVEL OF THEIR PARENTAL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL IN RURAL AREAS (ERZİNCAN ÇAYIRLI CASE)

Celal NAVRUZ,, Erdal AKPINAR — 2026-07-16

In this survey it was aimed that survey of middle school students’ environmental attitudes by level of their parental educational level in rural areas. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 383 middle school students studying in the province of Çayırlı, Erzincan province in the academic year of 2014-2015. As the data collection tool Environmental Attitude Scale (CAS) which included personal information form with demographic questions and developed by UZUN and SAĞLAM was applied. In thıs survey in addition to the environmental attitude, the environmental behavior and the environmental thinking from the sub-dimensions of environmental attitude were also tried to be measured. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 17.00 program According to research findings, it was found that there was significant difference between the level of students’ fathers and their environmental attitudes. Environmental attitudes of students, whose fathers have a high school or above education, are higher than those students whose father have no diplomas. There was no significant difference in terms of the relationship between mother education level and environmental attitude. However, there was a significant difference between the mother education level of students and their perceptions towards the environment. Those who have primary school graduate mothers. Mothers of those who graduated from primary school seem to have a higher environmental thinking average than those without a diploma.

THE STATUS OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS AND INDEPENDENT AUDITING ORGANIZATIONS IN TURKEY BETWEEN YEARS 2013-2017

Gülhan DENİZ,, Yüksel AYDIN — 2026-07-16

Globalization and the development of technology have led to a rise in international trade as well as increasing the complexity of the economic activities. As a consequence, the stakeholders of businesses do not have accurate and complete information. These factors increased the importance of independent auditing. The historical origin of the concept of audit dates back to 3000 BC, but the implementation of audit in Turkey in a modern sense was only possible after the early 20th century. The audit practice in Turkey started in 1987, and last revised by Turkish Commercial Code 6102 and Statutory Decree 660. Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority has been established to authorize and supervise the independent auditors and independent auditing institutions, and public oversight for independent auditing has been introduced. The quality of auditing has been increased by stipulating the profession of Certified Public Accountant (SMMM) and Sworn-in Certified Public Accountant (YMM) for Independent Audit. The distribution of independent auditors and auditing organizations in Turkey according to provinces in the years 2013-2017 was analyzed. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and education were examined. Despite some shortcomings in the demographic characteristics and geographical distribution, auditing practices in Turkey which began in 1987 has gained a rapid acceleration after 2013 with the regulations made. Hence, significant developments have been made to create an audit mechanism that can meet the needs of the economic system.

LANGUAGE LEARNING MOTIVATIONS AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE CIRCUITS FOR FINDING A JOB OF FINANCIAL UNDERGRADUATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS AND: A CASE STUDY

Soykan UYSAL, — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was tried to determine the foreign language perceptions about foreign language learning motivation and job finding of the students studying at Finance Program in Selçuk University, Akşehir Vocational School. 10 female and 10 male students, who were randomly determined on the basis of volunteerism, were included in the study for the students studying in the undergraduate Finance Program and the data were collected with semi-structured interview forms. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method and findings were revealed. According to the findings, it was observed that foreign students cared for a foreign language in order to find a good job where the students matched the foreign language with the job finding. However, students are also interested in Russian, Arabic and Chinese languages other than English. In addition to these, students have reached the outcome of learning foreign languages, social life and personal development outside of work life.

A RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) AND MOTIVATION ON INTENTION OF OUT OF BUSİNESS AND JOB SATISFACTION AT WORKERS

Mehmet YILMAZ,, Özlem BAYIR — 2026-07-16

Organizational citizenship is defined as the extra role role of employees who increase the efficiency and effectiveness of a company. The Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is confronted as a behavior that is not directly and clearly defined in the formal reward system, and which acts voluntarily as a whole, contributing to the functioning of the organization in an effective and voluntary manner. In this study, the literature on OCB, motivation, separation of work and job satisfaction was searched. It is aimed to investigate the effects of OCB and motivation on job separation and job separation. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to the workers working in a textile factory in Kahramanmaraş province and the survey findings were concluded with the SPSS analysis program.

THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE PROCESS: A THEORETICAL SURVEY

İsa GÜL, — 2026-07-16

Change is the concept of an object, individual or an entity’s transfer to a different condition from its current condition. However, organizational change is the response of the organizations to their external environments in order to adapt. Nowadays change affects the organizations, which have global qualities and are the sub-system of individuals and communities, in a considerable extent. While the momentum and the quantity of change increases day by day, it has become mandatory that the organizations grasp these changes and put them into practice. It is more likely that the organizations, which corresponds to the change, organization surroundings and expectations, to survive to operate and achieve their goals. In order the state hospitals to be successful and achieve their goals at this process of change, they need workers who adopt and internalize their own goals and have high levels of organizational commitment. The aim of this research is to shine light upon the facilitative role of worker commitment and making the authorities acknowledge the necessity of the positive results obtained by organizational commitment.

ECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF AUTOMOTİVE DEMAND IN TURKEY

Serdar BUDAK, — 2026-07-16

In this study, short and long term relationships between total number of cars manufactured in Turkey and some economic variables were investigated based on the monthly production between 2004 and 2012. This investigation was conducted by creating seven different models through ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) method. In conclusion, in each model, whether there is cointegration between dependent and independent variables was determined. Especially, weighted average interest rates and total trade capacity variables were especially determined to have significant cointegration relationships with dependent variables.

THE WATERBED EFFECT IN MOBILE TERMINATION RATE REGULATIONS: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Mikail KAR,, Bahar BAYSAL KAR — 2026-07-16

In mobile telecommunication markets mobile termination rates (MTR), which has charged by an operator for delivering calls from other operator subscribers to their own subscribers, is an important dynamic shaping the market structure. The fact that each operator is monopolized in terms of interconnection in their own network allows these rates to be determined away from competitive prices. Regulatory authorities occasionally seek to centrally determine these rates or draw various boundaries to these rates with a variety of methods to ensure that MTR are compatible with their social and economic expectations. However it is suggested that a discount on termination rates by a central arrangement could lead to the "waterbed effect", which may unexpectedly lead to higher prices for the subscriber in the literature. In this paper, using the quarterly data for the period 2007-2017 the effect of MTR regulations on market prices is examined in the Turkish Mobile Telecommunications Market. The results, based on the dynamic common correlated effects (DCCE) estimator, which suggests that MTR regulations do not lead to higher prices and the waterbed effect does not occur in Turkish Mobile Telecommunications Market for the related period.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD BETWEEN THE GOOD OF LOOKING UP TO A ROLE MODEL AND THE EVIL OF IMITATING

Kadir DEMİRCİ, — 2026-07-16

The path towards a role model should be through taking the Prophet Muhammed as a model and not imitating him. In today’s world, in order to cultivate role models in every field, we should look up to the Prophet Muhammad as a role model and not imitate him, as he was bestowed with wisdom. Wisdom is a well-said utterance or an appropriate course of action with the aim of realizing a purpose. We should never forget that the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad have wisdom with them and should strive to explore that wisdom. Because wisdom is a value that transcends time and space, and has the power to cultivate role models that would shed light around themselves. Wisdom always brings about the greater good. Otherwise, one would bog down with imitation by ignoring the wisdom in the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, following the literal meanings of his words, and performing his deeds without heeding to their wisdom. This blind imitation void of wisdom has no power to cultivate role models that would be a beacon of light. On the contrary, it would raise a person that would shed darkness, obscurity, and senselessness rather than light. A role model is a person of example. A person can only be taken as an example if there is wisdom to their words and deeds. This paper presents examples showing the importance of heeding the wisdom beyond the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad and through there examples examines the universality of his wisdom. We can only cultivate role models and carry the Prophet Muhammad to the future if he is revered as a role model. On the other hand, not looking up to him as a role model and only imitating him would bring about confining this age in the history

SAILING OF THE SAILING CLOTH IN THE OTTOMAN STATE

Mehmet TAŞ, — 2026-07-16

The sail cloth was widely used in official institutions such as Tersane-i Amire, Tophane, Baruthane, Mehterhane, Kayıkhane-i Hassa and Aşiyan-ı Hassa in the Ottoman State. Sometimes they used to sail ships sometimes, sometimes to dry gunpowder, sometimes to replace sail boats of palace boats and sometimes to cover boats where boats were kept. In Mehterhane it was used to build more tents. Tersane-i Amire met all of these institutions as a sail boat storage location for the sailboat. The demand, financing and transport of the sail cloth required a bureaucratic process determined by the fermans. The sail cloth and its raw material, cotton yarn, was the name of an obligation to the state as well as a means of subsistence forthe victims of certain accidents. For example, Kale-i Sultaniye, Gelibolu and Boğazhisarları this work both as a counter vailing duty and continued as a source of livelihood. A state-determined amount of cloth is weighed every yearand delivered at the price of the bureaucratic narratoras signed by the ship yard emini, after which the merchant was sold at the market price for their needs. The state decided the price of the sail cloth to be purchased in the state, which was based on its importance. It was called current price. Even if the sail beige is manufactured from kethen, it is made of cotton in the OttomanState in great measure. The woven fabrics obtained from cotton can touch more frequently, so they have a small more and can hold more wind. This ensures that it is more functional against ketene. In addition, the climate of the country is very suitable to grow cotton. The western Anatolian plains, Cukurova and Macedonia are as where this area is at the forefront. They are producers of this place were obliged to produce the cotton yarn called the ryste-i penbe, just like the sail cloth producers, against the obligation. Itwas a product that would not be left to its own fate or chance because it was regarded as "a'zam need" and "wings of the ships" by the sail beige dynasty. Because of this, numerousedicts. KeyWords: Sailcloth, Ottoman navy, mayistra, Tersane-i Amire, Boğazhisarları.

A STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTINGCONSUMERS PREFERENCE SUPERMARKET A RESEARCH IN FETHİYE

Erdoğan GAVCAR,, Elçin Noyan , Gamzegül ÇALIKOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Nowadays, in the increasingly competitive environment, meeting the consumer needs and expectations in the retailing sector, which is a dynamic, pre-competitive sector, has become increasingly important for enterprises. Consumers consider many factors and criteria in the selection of the market. Consumers want to maximize their benefits during the grocery shopping as well as to enjoy both shopping and pleasure in the shopping process. Consumers prefer the breadth of the supermarket range and product variety to prices and the information from ear to ear affects the customers' supermarket preferences. Businesses in the retail sector have also become a necessity to analyze and evaluate these factors that affect consumers' interests. The purpose of the study in this context is to determine the factors that affect consumers' preferences for supermarkets. The sample of the survey consists of 390 randomly selected consumers who shop in supermarkets in Fethiye. Questionnaire was used as a data collection tool in the survey and face-to-face questionnaires were taken from consumers. In the study, it is required that some impact factors, which are formed by using consumer opinions, literature review and expert opinions, should be rated with in the 5-Point LikertScale. Consumers' opinions about the factors affecting their shopping preferences are examined according to gender, age, occupation, marital status, income, number of children in the family and number of children in the family, and if there are any differences between them. In addition, consumer preference, shopping frequency and the product group they mostly buy are also examined within these factors. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability analysis of the data obtained is 0.916 and the results confirm that the scale is valid and reliable. In this context, Descriptive Analyzes, T Test and Anova Tests were applied and the comparison results compared to the demographic characteristics that can be described as independent variables, the comparison results are explained in the study.

THE CANDIDATES OF GERMAN TEACHERS’ APPREHENSION FOR TEACHING GERMAN

Fatma KARAMAN, — 2026-07-16

Learning and teaching are two concepts that are related to each other. Learning is the prior condition of teaching; because it is very important to have a real learning action in order to provide teaching. It is necessary to provide learning from a teacher’s aspect. Thus, the candidate who can’t learn the language in question can’t be successful in teaching as well. There are cognitive factors and the process in teaching, as well as emotional factors. One of these are the apprehension for teaching a foreign language. The apprehension for teaching a foreign language is the state of fear of teachers or candidate teachers who are not or don’t feel good enough in foreign languages. In the process of teaching a foreign language, the factors that are caused by the quality of teaching action not only hinder the students to learn the language and acquisitions of the language, but also cause a lack of teaching correspondingly the lack of learning. This situation causes the students to have a negative affection on learning a language, and end up having an apprehension for it. Foreign language teacher candidates, therefore, have an apprehension for teaching because of both the difficulty of being a teacher, and the lack of information. In this context, the apprehensions of German teacher candidates for teaching German language is investigated. In this survey, descriptive analysis of qualitative research techniques is put to use. The research is conducted by Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University and Çukurova University, Faculity of Education, Foreign Languages Education department, German teaching undergraduate program, fourth-grade students in 2016-2017 academic year. In the end of the survey, the suggestions for minimizing the candidates’ apprehension for teaching and providing vocational satiety are presented.

EVALUATION OF CANDIDATE TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM BY STAKEHOLDERS

Cevdet EPÇAÇAN,, Hasan PESEN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to examine principals, advisor’s and candidate teacher’s point of view with descriptive approach about teacher training programme that was put into practice in March 2016. This research is an example of qualitative research. Qualitative researches try to aim to collect data about research topic detailed and in-depth, to learn directly participants’ individual perception, experiences and point of view, to clarify current state. In this context, in this research, it is tried to clarified principal’s, advisors’ and candidate teacher’s point of view about teacher training programme. In this search, semi structured interview form that is improved by researchers is used. Interview form consists of 2 parts. In first part, there are questions about teachers to get information. In second part, there are open ended questions which is prepared according to research’s aim. Research’s questions are examined according to coverage and appearance validity by 3 educational scientist. Besides preliminary applicationis done by a candidate teacher and an advisor teacher in order to check questions’ openness and intelligibility. So it is aimed to ensure coverage and appearance validity of research. Working group of search, is chosen from candidate teachers, advisor teachers and principals who are appropriate for research model. Which is “benchmark sampling” used. So, candidate teachers, advisor teachers and principals who work in 2015-2016 education year, second term in Siirt provincial national education directorate and have measures that are talked about earlier. Forms working group of this search. In this search, 15 principals, 46 candidate teachers and 46 advisor teachers are talked. During search, data are collected by researchers;informations are given directly to working group about how to fill the form. Content analysis technique is used for analyzing the data. The aim of content analysis technique is to identify information which is important for a lot of text stack and research question, to evaluate and te reach concept and relationship to explain data. At the end of search it is observed that candidate training process is quiet impressive and important although there are some problems, all participants have common judgment about candidate teacher training process.

CAN THE FUTURE OF SPORTS FACILITIES BE SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDINGS?

Gülsüm TOPAL,, Veli Onur ÇELİK; Fırat ESER , Sevda GÖKÇE — 2026-07-16

Along with the industrialization process, it is expressed that all the concepts in the sport field have undergone a transformation. Sports facilities such as sports clubs and sports organizations also need to be redefined in our day. Ruthless market conditions and the competitive environment of professional sports force sports organizations to develop new strategies to survive. Being environmentally conscious and sustainable seems to be the priorities of large-scale sports facilities in the 21st century. In this work, the concept of green building was surveyed in the field about environmental friendly, self-sufficient, sustainable sports facilities. As a result of this screening, we have tried to examine examples of environmentally sensitive green buildings that have been applied in the new generation sports facilities in the world and in our country. Findings obtained from this study are thought to provide important contributions in sports literature and guide practitioners and academicians on new sports facility projects.

BOOK EVALUATION-HAMİT EMRAH BERİŞ, SİYASAL DÜZENİN SINIRLARI DEMOKRASİ, DEMOKRATİKLEŞME VE KATILIMCI SİYASET

Ahmet Nafiz ÜNALMIŞ, — 2026-07-16

İNSTAGRAM HİKÂYELERİNDE BELGESEL FİLM UNSURLARI: FENOMENLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Nagihan ÇAKAR BİKİÇ,, Burak TÜRTEN — 2026-07-16

Social networks have become a part of daily lives of individuals with the developments of new communication technologies. In parallel, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube provide the opportunity to share audio visual content about everyday life. In the framework of these opportunities, it has become common for social media users to share 14-second videos about their lives, in which they also act as narrators. In Instagram, one of the social media tools, the sharing of all the moments that are experienced within 24 hours has become one of the prominent types of sharing. Along with the change of content sharing environments, there has also been changes in the content produced. It has been foreseen that documentary films are among the contents that have gone through a change. The documentary form envisaged to be changed is explained with selfie documentary concept. In the study, the question "Do Instagram stories carry documentary film elements?" is being addressed. In this context, "Instagram stories carry elements of documentary film in the usual reality of life" forms the hypothesis of the study. The population of the study has been determined as mothers with user account on Instagram. Accounts of 6 mothers among the accounts having over 200,000 followers were determined with convenience sampling method as the sample of the research. The stories shared in the sample accounts were followed for 7 days and analyzed by content analysis method. The elements in the stories have been coded considering the statement that Bill Nichols put forth when describing a documentary film, "The documentaries contain real things, real people, and stories that are going on in the real world", and the characteristics of Nanook Film described as the first documentary film. The data regarding the codes under the themes has been analyzed and it has been identified that there are documentary film elements in Instagram stories. Consequently, it is suggested that the concept of "selfie documentary" can be used in terms of Instagram stories having documentary elements.

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF TURKISH WRITTEN WEBSITES ON ORAL HEALTH: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ,, Metin GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2026-07-16

The use of the Internet is increasingly widespread among public. In connection with this, dentists, clinicians or oral hygienists are continuously developing websites to attract new patients and provide information to existing ones. Because patients have benefited from web-based health information, the health information presented must be quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of Turkish-written websites on oral health. An Internet search through one engine (Google) was done with the terms “Ağız, diş sağlığı”. The first 14 websites were screened. Included websites were evaluated using Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, DISCERN and Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP). It was determined that DISCERN, EQIP, and JAMA scores (Mean SD) were 29,857 (4,167), 44,348 (5,063) and 1,214 (0,893), respectively. In this preliminary study, it was concluded that the current quality of informative Turkish websites on oral health was generally low-moderate organized.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONS IN TURKEY; SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

Levent AKSU, — 2026-07-16

Today, technology has changed very rapidly, technological innovations and the thought of investing has become very important to people. Arguments such as technology change, R & D, innovation, patent amount are confronted in empirical studies on growth models as a driving force of economic growth and in practice. To be evaluated by many economists, the argument is the idea of "investing in technological innovations and people." For this purpose, it is aimed to increase the economic growth of this country by activating the knowledge, manners, talents and skills of a large number of people. Countries should aim at raising precious sons of national and moral values that can be productive in science and technological field while raising their people. Being a "science and technology country" is considered as a target policy and projections should be formed accordingly. The world is growing at such a speed today that we will experience progress in the twenty-first century, no progress of about 100 years of technological progress, progress of about 20,000 years, or progression of 1000 times of progress in the twentieth century. Technology also accelerates the pace of innovation, now doubles every 10 years. The "information economy" is the most important strategic information in the new era, with the information capital being found, retrieved, analyzed and evaluated, its use integrated into the production systems, the information included in the technology and innovation processes and the creation of its own national production system, “information economy " has become the most important strategic-economic (stratekon) material of the new era. Technological development and innovation process enables the development of a macroeconomic level of economic growth and a level of prosperity while at the microeconomic level institutions and firms are increasingly benefiting from market economies and benefiting from economies of scale and most importantly by increasingly entering into foreign markets and increasing their global market share . In both cases, it causes long-term economic growth on the economy. There is an urgent need for the establishment of the "National Information Storage and Production System" (MIBIDUS), which will provide the acquisition, use and development of information. In this study was carried out in econometric tests, and the Unit Root Tests, Granger Causality Test and Stepwise Regression Test were performed for the variables. To give the results obtained from Granger causality test; A bi-directional relationship from GNP to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been identified. There is a positive relationship between them. A one-way positive relationship from R & D (research & development) spending to GNP has been detected. Again, a one-way positive correlation from the number of patents to GNP has been found. There is a one-way positive and significant relationship from GNP to the number of scientific publications (bilyayno). There is a causal relationship from FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) to R & D. The relationship between them is positive. There is a bidirectional, meaningful and positive relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the number of patents. According to the Stepwise Regression Test analysis, a 1% increase in GDP led to an increase of 1.20% over FDI, while a rise of 0.65% in R & D spending resulted in the actual increase being effective on the patent. The increase in the number of patents caused a 2.68% increase. A 1% increase in GNP, 12.54% increase in Bilyayno.

GERÇEKLERİ ORTAYA KOYMAK İÇİN PAPA FRANCIS’E YAZILAN MEKTUP

Ömer Lütfi TAŞCIOĞLU, — 2026-07-16

On April 12, 2015 Pope Francis addressed in his Vatican Liturgy that Armenian relocation under the regime Ottoman Empire was the first genocide of the 20th century. Prior to Pope Francis’s speech, the Union of Turkish Non-Governmental Organizations (UTNGO) prepared and sent a letter to His Holiness, Pope Francis proving that the Armenian allegations were far from the realities. In this letter historical facts in Turkish-Armenian relations were discussed and Armenian allegations were evaluated. Especially the efforts of Jamal Pasha who was the army commander of the Ottoman Government’s 4th Army to help the relocated Armenians and his attempts to obtain medical and nutritional aid by the help of Pope of that time and the refusal of Pope’s request by the entente powers were examined. In the conclusion section the effects of the letter on Pope Francis and the consequences of the letter were evaluated.

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE POLITICAL MOVEMENTS FOR THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES POST 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS

Seyfican GÖRGÜLÜ, — 2026-07-16

2008 Financial Crisis that started in the USA not only affected the economies of the European countries but also had an impact on their politics. Accordingly, the left wing in Europe has gained power by restructuring itself. This in return has reshaped the European economic policies. The first part of this study analyses the economic impacts of the rising left wing with the 2008 Financial Crisis on three European countries; Greece, Spain and Italy, and compares and contrasts the relationship between their economies and politics in the framework of the 2008 Financial Crisis. The second part of the study focuses on the economic impacts of the 2008 Financial Crisis on three European countries; namely Germany, France, and Netherlands, in which right wing has been rising; and compares and contrasts the relationship between the economy and politics in those countries. This part examines those countries before and after the 2008 Financial Crisis. It also assesses whether the left wing that gained power following the Financial Crisis or the right wing that is currently doing so has any positive or negative impact on the economic policies of other European countries. As a result of winning the elections in Greece, Spain, and Italy and ensuring the economic stability in those countries, the left wing has increased the trust of citizens in this political movement. On the other hand, the right political views triggering racist and extreme religious movements and alienating attitudes has started to spread rapidly in Europe in recent years. While this movement has impacted other European countries, it has increased its magnitude. This paper discusses the effects of these two opposing political movements on European economies.

THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF IBN MISKAWAYH THAT BASED ON THE VIRTUE AND THE LAW

Mustafa Said KURŞUNOĞLU, — 2026-07-16

Ibn-i Miskawayh who was well-known in the field of moral philosophy, he had seeks a solution to social and political problems by that his moral-based political philosophy. Miskawayh combines the human values with Islamic values through philosophy on that axis of the existence which is reaches from individual to the ruler of the divine organization in the pluralistic and chaotic society of Iran's AH IV. century. He wants to the create a rational society that based on human values and virtue and political administration that based on the dominance of the Islamic law by following the line of Aristotle and strives to construct a reasonable political common ground that can incorporate different parts of the society and will provide a public peace through the generalization and internalization of the morality. Miskeveyh establishes the relationship between ethics and politics in an ontological context. Given the profound social, cultural and political crisis in which the present Islamic world is facing a prolonged period, it is important that Miskeveyh attempts to understand Islam through politics that expresses the current state of social life by bringing together the rationality and psychology and ethics disciplines.

INVESTIGATING THE SELF-ESTEEM OF SECONDARY BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOLS STUDENTS' ACCORDING TO SOME VARIABLES

Selahattin AVŞAROĞLUSelahattin AVŞAROĞLU,, Kağan YILDIZ — 2026-07-16

In this investigation, if there is any differentiation of self-esteem of the students having education at the secondary boarding schools and secondary day schools is examined. The study group consisted of 598 secondary school students. The data was collected in Balıkesir during 2015-2016 education year by using "Personal Data Form" and " the Piers-Harris Children?s Self-Concept Scale" (PH-CSCS), known as "thoughts of my self" which is aimed to show the personel thoughts, emotions and attitudes of the children themselves, adopted into Turkish by Öner (1996) and Çataklı (1985). In the analyses of the demographic features frequency, percentage distrubition and standart deviations were determined. Unrelated t-test and ANOVA were used to determine weather self-esteem differs according to the demographic variables. Analizing the data at least .05 relevance level was determined. In the conclusion of the research self-esteem levels of the students attending 8th grade was significanly high compared with the students attending 7th and 6th grade. No meaningful differentiation was found according to the gender variable. According to the school variable students' self-esteem levels are meaningfully higher compared with the ones attending boarding schools. Students with higher levels of family income are found to have higher self-esteem levels compared with the students having lower family income. According to the education levels of the families of the students self-esteem levels are meaningfully different.With the data found via this research self-esteem enrichment programs in psycological counselling and guidance services and in order to enrich self-improvement of the students psycoeducation and group guided activities can be done.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND THE INTELLECTUAL AS AN ACTOR OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: MOBILISATION OF EXPERTISE

Ayşem SEZER ŞANLI, — 2026-07-16

Social movements aiming to achieve certain social advantages through a struggle take place via many social actors. As one of these actors, the intellectual sometimes works as a pioneer of a movement or makes a social movement visible. Expertise is one of the basic repertoires that the intellectual refers while engaging in a social movement. The issue of expertise is at the forefront of issues that require technical knowledge. It is very essential to mobilize expertise in environmental movements such as power plant construction, social movements against dam construction, anti-nuclear movements and finally movements against the search for gold with cyanide. The purpose of this study is to examine how the intellectual’s expertise is acted and to what extent it contributes to social movements. As a result, knowledge of expertise makes a social movement visible, mediating and achieving a global/international visibility of the movement.

THE EFFECT OF DERBEND SYSTEM ON POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT: GABROVA VILLAGE EXAMPLE

Selçuk DEMİR, — 2026-07-16

One of the groups responsible for the maintenance and repair of the roads in the Ottoman State was the derbend group. Ottoman State recognized the status of Gabrovo village as derbend in order for the security of the road connecting Kazanlık, Tarnovo, and Nikopol, granting exemption from tax to the non-Muslims living there. This issue caused an increase in the population of Gabrovo and facilitated its rapid development. Since it was secure and at the conjunction point of important roads, Gabrovo turned into an industry and trade center. Thus, Gabrovo, which was a village of Tarnovo District as of the 15th century, turned into an independent district center and an important industry and trade center in the 18th century. In this study, under the light of the archive resources and the data of the previous analyses and research, some information is given about the effect of derbend system on population and settlement, and development and population structure of Gabrovo between 15th and 18th centuries.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN THE TRANSLATIONS FROM FRENCH TO TURKISH AND SUGGESTIONS OF SOLUTION

Ziya TOK, — 2026-07-16

In this study, it is aimed to determine the difficulties encountered by the students of the translation department especially in the process of translation from French to Turkish. After discussing the translation and translation types in general, the difficulties that students often encounter during the translation process and the translation mistakes resulting from these difficulties have been tried to be revealed through examples. To this end, examples of sentences taken from different types of texts that translation students can use in translation lessons or internship stages, and examples of mistakes that may occur in translating these sentences. Later on, we tried to present some suggestions on the difficulties that could lead to translation mistakes in these types of texts and on the translation problems that might arise from these difficulties. Thus, it is hoped that this study will contribute both to the students of the translation department and to the work done in the field of translation.

TÜRKİYE SAĞLIK VE MEDİKAL TURİZMİNDE YENİ BİLİŞİM APLİKASYONLARI İLE SERVİS VE KALİTE STANDARTLARININ UYGULANMASI

Ahmet Ferda SEYMEN, — 2026-07-16

The study undertaken will refer to the development of health tourism over the years and compare the current standing of the country among the world top ten destinations. The paper will review related literature and highlight applications of medical treatments as well as the number of patient arrivals from source countries. Health tourism has been progressively developing over the years mainly because medical treatment is becoming increasingly expensive in countries around the world. Among other reasons, the lack of medical facilities in proportion to the population and shortages in medical personnel has attributed to the rise of medical treatment and exceed affordable levels. Despite the extremely competitive rates offered by destinations for medical procedures, significant concern has been; why would somebody travel to a foreign country and seek treatment which might be high risk on behalf of the patient. Let alone the language barriers and differing standards in services extended to the patients can negatively affect the quality of treatment provided. On the other hand, facility requirements with conditions of hospital and clinics worldwide approved and standardized by JCI rules and regulations. Hence, medical facilities holding JCI Certification is automatically recognized worldwide

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROBLEM BEHAVIOURS OF THE CHILDREN AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARENTS

Fatma YAŞAR EKİCİ,, Gülsüm GÖGER — 2026-07-16

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the personality characteristics of parents and the problem behaviours of the children. Within the scope of this basic aim; it is surveyed that if the personality characteristics of parents and the problem behaviours of their children differentiates or not according to several variables. The sample which is regulated in accordance of the relational screening model is consisted of the 315 children in the 4-6 age group and their parents which are getting education in 15 preschool education institutions (4 public and 11 private) that are located in European side of İstanbul province; Büyükçekmece, Beylikdüzü, Avcılar, Küçükçekmece and Esenler districts by simple random sampling method in 2016-2017 academic year. The data collection tools are; Information Form, International Personality Inventory-Short Version (IPISV) and Preschool and Kindergarten Behaviour Scales-2 (PKBS-2). The data collected for the research were analyzed using SPSS 22 program. The findings obtained from the research are as follows: There is a significant relationship between the personality characteristics of parents and the problem behaviours of their children. Personality characteristics of parents differentiate in significant levels according to the employment status, number of children they have. The problem behaviours of the children differentiate in significant levels according to the type of preschool, the employment status of mother and the level of income; but not differentiate in significant levels according to the number of children in family.

OTTOMAN CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY IN THE POEMS OF ESAD MUHLIS PASHA

Erdem SARIKAYA, — 2026-07-16

The 18th century is a period of change for classical Turkish literature. In this period, poetry begins to get rid of the traditionalized binding of literary and aesthetic assumptions for centuries. The things that are taken out of social life come out more often in poetry. Classical Turkish literature preserves the appearance of the 18th century in terms of aesthetic and literary assumptions in the first half of the 19th century. The style of localization continues to be influenced by poetry even though it begins to lose its old strength in terms of depth of emotion and richness of imagination, partly from the point of view of utterance. Daily life stages, customs and customs, spoken language, slang, professional language, social dhakr because of their various characteristics are selected among the types of poetry. In this period, the perception of the poets also changes. 18. and 19. The space, which has been a rule for the poet until centuries, now finds itself in poetry in all its aspects. Poets use city, country, river, sea names belonging to Ottoman cultural geography as their narrative material in their poems. Esad Muhlis Pasha is a poet who has grown up in the last period of classical Turkish literature. It is seen that the poet has frequently used things from the Ottoman cultural geography in his few poems. In this study, it will be examined how the poetry of the Ottoman cultural geography in the poems of Esad Muhlis Pasha is used literally and aesthetically.

THE RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND SOCIETY IN RELIGIOUS SOCIOLOGY

Yalçın ÇETİN, — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study, human who is regarded as compulsory social existence and in which human take part in social dynamics is to make the analyze of the value of sociology of religion which is an sub-disciline of sociology. Human, settled too many civilization an culture in prehistory and history, at the same time of this building period, passing through pyschologial, economical and social paradigms, he tried to put himself as an meaningful existence. The value of a person as sociological, is able to understand by evaluating the cultural tools and the socio-culture. The mankind struggle of existence in the phenomenon of society, religion and economy. It is manifested that the mankind is a existence who produce value on the concept of social phonemonens. As a culture science sociology, started to again independence at the end of 18th and the beginning of 19th centuries and sociology of religion, as a sub-discipline of sociology, devotes itself the its own reflectrons in the society. While the sociology tries to explain the fact and structures, sociology of religion tries to explain the relationship between religion and society by using a sociological concept. In this coherence, sociology of Religion neither entrap itself into positivism by forcing scientism, nor change the religion or religious sociology, is to exist. As a result the relationship between human and society is a subject of lots of social science (philosophy, history, psychology, antrophology etc.) but mostly sociology. As an upper class phonemenon, religion tries to give meaning social world of society on the concept of immaterial world. Explaining giving the meaning, describing this important role of religion betweeen the mankind nd society is to indicate the existence of sociology of religion. While in this report the value of the relationship between man and society in the sociology of religion is discussed; the explanatory paradigm and the paradigm of understanding that led to the sociology and sociology of religion becoming an independent social science will be subjected to a comparative analysis.

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF POPULATION POPULATION ADDRESS WITH NUMBER 3536 AND H.1254

Ahmet GÜNDÜZ, — 2026-07-16

In this study, in the Ottoman Empire, As a result of the population census carried out in Kırşehir in the 20th century, the population book 3536 was worked on to reveal information about the characteristics of the population in question. It is seen that the evaluation is made taking into consideration the population recorded in the neighborhood and the villages in the book.

MARUF AND IHSAN-BASED FAMILY VALUES IN THE QUR'AN

Duran Ali YILDIRIM,, Ali BAYER — 2026-07-16

The most valuable institution in social life is family. Family is a relationship founded on the bases of love and compassion, sustained by mutual respect and understanding, and ending with gratitude and maruf when it is needed. It is not possible for marriages to continue in a situation where spouses lose love, respect and compassion towards each other. It is the most important recommendation of the Qur'an that the wives of the spouses and the maruf based on the words and actions in this process. The protection of the personality and dignity of the spouses depends on it. The Qur'an does not allow spouses and their families to hurt each other in this separation process. The biggest problem of our society and today is that the families and marriages established with love and enthusiasm are terminated with hatred and violence. Preventing violence and violence between the family and the family is to create a family-oriented understanding of the good and evil that the Qur'an predicts.

EVALUATION OF THE READABILITY OF TURKISH WRITTEN WEBSITES ON ORAL CARE INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CANCER: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ,, Metin GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2026-07-16

Web-based health information has many benefits for patient. It can increase individuals’ knowledge of their disease and its treatments can aid coping, reduce distress and anxiety, help individuals make informed decisions regarding their treatment and can increase individuals’ adherence with medical advice. For this reason, the health information presented must be quality and readable. The aim of this study was to evaluate readability of Turkish-written websites on oral care information for patients with cancer. For this purpose, an Internet search through “Google.com” was done with the terms (“Ağız, diş sağlığı”, “Kanser”). 38 Turkish-written websites were screened. Readability analysis was measured with the following measures: Ateşman Reading Formula and Çetinkaya-Uzun Reading Formula. It was determined that ARF and ÇURF scores (Mean SD) were 68,602 (8,695) and 45,049 (3,921), respectively. In this preliminary study, it was concluded that the readability of informative Turkish websites on oral care information for patients with cancer was generally moderate satisfactory.

THE OWNERSHIP OF THE II. ABDUHAMID THE OTTUMAN'S FARMS IN PALESTAINE

Mohanad ALAMLEH, — 2026-07-16

This thesis about “Jiftlic Lands” in Palestine, which were owned by Sultan Abdulhamid II during this ruling era of 1878-1909. The thesis is discussed in three main subjects. In the first subject, the reasons of the appearance of the ownership and the method leading for that, especially the system of “Elja” as well as the reconstruction policy which the Ottoman Empire perused during the era of reorganization and resisting the foreign penetration, is discussed. In the second subject, the size of the property and how much it spreads in Palestine which was concentrated in the Jordan valley area, Tel Ared, Zarqa River surroundings and some of Gaza is discussed. In the last subject, what happened to these lands of developments after the removal of throne of Sultan Abdulhamid II and the effects of the foreign penetration, especially the Zionist companies is discussed.

A FAILED VERSION OF NATION-STATE FICTION

Tuğba BAĞBAŞLIOĞLU, — 2026-07-16

A failed state is a concept developed during the post-Cold War era. In addition to its use in foreign policy by Western states, primarily the United States, the concept has taken an important place in the social sciences literature, especially in International Relations. In this study, by drawing attention to the foreign policy discourses of relation of dominant powers, the criticism that the notion of a failed state is used as a way of legitimizing a discourse in different contexts has been discussed. It has been argued that it is important not to criticize such criticism that the analysis of the states' historical, sociological, political and economic characteristics, instead of emphasizing that it is not a correct approach to evaluate all failed states under the same category in the study. Various definitions of the failed state, basic approaches to the concept of failed state, and criticisms of these approaches have been also examined in the study. The concept of failed state allows the dominant Western discourse to reproduce itself as a concept that is also used in foreign policy. Finally, in the study, it is emphasized that the existing literature mostly focuses on the failure of failed states to be a nation-state.

A STUDY ON THE RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN ENVİRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX (EPI) AND LOGİSTİCS PERFORMANCE INDEX (LPI)

Gökhan AKANDERE,, Hasan HAKSES — 2026-07-16

The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) published for countries are the most important research conducted to raise awareness on logistics and environmental relations. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact and relationship between the logistics performance index and the environmental performance index scores between 2010-2016 for the group of countries and Turkey in the first twenty-eight in terms of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI). Data were evaluated using panel data method and STATA program. As a result of the study, it is seen that for our model, it may be variable in Logistic Performance Index (LPI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI) according to the 29 countries used in the data set. In this case, our model also shows that our variables in terms of mutual influence are meaningful, varying in country and time.

DETERMINATION WITH SWOT ANALYSIS OF RURAL TOURISM POTENTIAL OF AYVACIK DISTRICT IN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK

İlkcan KARATEPE ÇETİNKAYA,, Çiğdem KAPTAN AYHAN — 2026-07-16

Rural tourism is an increasingly preferred type of tourism and involves exploring the natural and cultural landscape features of the regions, experiencing local living conditions and local tastes, and performing various activities in the countryside. In addition, this type of tourism has become an important means of rural development. The studies of determining potential of rural tourism are important for the success of sustainable land use planning. SWOT analysis, a method used by many different disciplines in recent years, has identified the strengths and weaknesses of an activity or a sector, while at the same time revealing opportunities and threats to the activity or sector. In this study, Ayvacık district which has important potential for rural tourism is examined. First of all, the landscape values of the area are examined. Next, the rural tourism potential in the district was determined by SWOT analysis. As a result of the evaluations made, traditional agricultural activities, significant cultural values, long and clean shoreline, and positive views of local people about rural tourism are determined as the some strong aspects of Ayvacık district with regard to rural tourism. Along with that; weaknesses such as shortage of qualified staff, lack of knowledge and awareness about the subject of local people, and lack of inventory are determined. Also in terms of sustainable rural tourism potential; the existence of organizations such as Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution and South Marmara Development Agency, the possibilities of various nature sports due to topographical diversity, the possibilities of operating thermal water resources can be thought opportunities for rural tourism. But besides these opportunities; threats such as infrastructure deficiencies, environmental pollution and destruction of natural and cultural landscapes have also been identified in the case of an increase in tourism activities. At the end of the study, some measures and solutions are proposed, which can be taken against these weaknesses and threats.

THE ARTISTS WHO ARE ACCESIBLE AND LIVING IN ANKARA AND THEIR UNIQUE WORKS

Cennet Şeyma KARABACAK,; H. Feriha AKPINARLI , Sema ÖZKAN TAĞI — 2026-07-16

Marbling is one of the traditional ornamental arts that has been going on for centuries in Turkish culture. Marbling is the art of forming colorful patterns by sprinkling and manipulating the floating paints on the surface of a tickened water made by gum tragacanth and similar substances, and then transforming those patterns to a paper. The aims of this research were to learn each ebru artists’ professional background and make them widely known, and determine their unique works to make a document by interviewing the artists who are accesible and living in Ankara. Therefore, marbling artists were interviewed and ebru samples were documented with photographed.

TURNING SCHOOLS INTO CULTURE CENTERS: THE PERSPECTIVES AND COMPETENCY PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS AND SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS

Şule FIRAT DURDUKOCAŞule FIRAT DURDUKOCA, — 2026-07-16

This study intends to determine the perspectives and competence level of classroom teachers and school administrators about This research is structured according to the descriptive survey model. "Mixed method" was used in research. As a research design, variation design was used. The study group consisted of a total of 49 persons (n = 49) including 38 class teachers and 11 school administrators, which were determined by easy reachable state sampling method. The data of the research were collected using the questionnaire and interview form prepared by the researcher. As a result of the research; it was found that the study group had a high level of competence perception about turning schools into the culture centers. It was also found that participants in the survey indicated that the schools have two main roles; "being a life-long training center" and "educating a knowledgeable student." in order to fulfill the increasing demands of the people, there are a number of factors that prevent schools from becoming cultural habitats for the environment. these are the factors that arise from the procedure, the school, the families and the school environment, for school-community cooperation it is necessary to integrate the environment with the school and the school with the society, school-university cooperation and parental visits should be given priority

EXHIBITION POSTERS THAT ARE DESIGNED FOR PAINTERS

Mustafa Cevat ATALAY,, Sevtap KANAT — 2026-07-16

There are many different considerations regarding to definition of art . Art is one of the productions of human being. But it’s not an ordinary production. An art work contains the artist’s individual personality traits, the era he/she lives, geographic features as well. In visual arts, artists meke use of several types of means of expressions, while making productions. Needs or personal choices are decisive. The poster art is one of the productions of visual artists and designers as well. Poster Art has a feature of going out of public areas, museums and galleries, so it can achieve more viewers. The Poster Art is such a powerful visual medium that it can include both cultural properties and genuine creating potential of the artist. It can affect, change, direct societies, and it can become a teaching tool within the subjects it aimed. Artistic posters are tools of societal communication in public areas, so they can be subject of soundless but powerful interaction by means of affecting societies and individuals. The posters are generally able to realize their aim of design at a certain level by means of creating a visual imagery by their themes, mottos and notifications. A poster has both artistic and designed structure, so it can be produced by many different persons. There are artists-designers that use posters purely functional. Besides the functional purpose, there are artists that operate actively by their genuine, visual creation impulse as well. The purpose of this article is to examine and make descriptive analysis the posters that are designed for the exhibitions of the painters like Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, Henri Matisse, Wassily Kandinsky, Georg Baselitz and Antoni Tapies that are chosen as samples among artists. Upon the designs related to works of these painters that have important place in World of art, some analysis are tried to make.

OTTOMAN-GERMAN RELATIONS UNDER THE REIGN OF ABDULHAMID II

Emine ALTUNAY ŞAM,, Rumiye ARSLAN — 2026-07-16

During the reign of Abdulhamid II, relations with Germany gained importance. This initiative resulted in the changes to principles of Ottoman Empire, which would later have an impact on the course of diplomatic relations with the Greater European States. This immediately prominent change evolving with the reign of Abdulhamid II, became a milestone in the foreign policy of Ottoman Empire, and had been maintained until the dissolution of the Empire. Abdulhamid II, pursuing a multi-perspective policy in diplomacy, changed his conducts depending on the time, place, conditions and the objectives, pursuing an equilibrium policy or a policy of impartiality or sovereignty from time to time, whereas a pacifist and appeasement policy or an impending policy when appropriate. The rapprochement between Ottoman Empire and Germany during his reign is an example of equilibrium policy. He intended a more powerful Ottoman Empire in diplomatic terms, by gaining German Empire’s support against the United Kingdom and Russian Empire. This study, analyzing the policy of Abdulhamid II to for Germany in broad terms, discusses the reasons of this rapprochement and the extent of this rapprochement based on his own remarks as well.

112 EMERGENCY AMBULANCE SERVICES REASONABLE NON-EMERGENCY STATES AND SUBSTITUTES EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC LOSS

Kemal TEMEL,; Emine SEVİNÇ POSTACI , İbrahim UYSAL — 2026-07-16

It is aimed to investigate and investigate the economic and time loss caused by the absence of all the services within the scope of 112 ambulance services, lack of sanction for system abusers and misuse of the system due to reasons such as abuse. With the research, Çanakkale 112 ambulance services have been taken as an example and it has been evaluated how much the system is occupied due to non-emergency situations and the losses caused by this occupation. The study was conducted by evaluating the study statistics of 50,508 cases served in 2016. 112 ambulance services provided 23 services in 2016, including centers and districts, and 112 services with 27 ambulance crews actively working at these stations. With 112 ambulances, 2965 of the total cases were not intervened in any way by the ambulances, 98 of the cases being groundless, 661 being transported by another vehicle, 321 being the other, 834 being the other being reached, 1047 being canceled. This figure corresponds to a value of 5.87% in all cases. When we compare the total number of cases to the number of ambulances, 1870 cases per year per ambulance falls. According to these results, 5.5% of the total ambulances, ie, 1.5 ambulances, were occupied unnecessarily for the reasons mentioned above. In addition, considering the time spent for these cases, the total case duration of the year 2016 was 20,403 hours and 556 hours of this time was spent for these cases. It is seen that there are unnecessary and abusive usage in the 112 emergency ambulance services that are presented to be understood from the data. This situation has to be avoided and the gaps in the system have to be closed with the necessary regulations. The use of contributions, penal sanctions, wage-earning and other emergency medical services should be prevented.

SELJUKIAN PERIOD TILE ORNAMENTS (KONYA SIRÇALI MADRASAH)

Duygu İLKHAN SÖYLEMEZ, — 2026-07-16

Anatolia Seljukian State left its mark on one of the most significant periods of our history. In this period, all over the Anatolia was furnished with many kinds of structures like, caravansary, mosque, madrasah, Turkish bath. Tile art was the primary ornamentation element over those structures. Tile art has been used frequently at iwans, windows frontals, domes, conjunction elements to the dome, carrier elements. It decorates the surfaces sometimes geometrically, planted based sometimes mixtured compositions. The capital city of Anatolia Seljukian State, Konya protected its importance up to collapsing of Seljukian state; therefore many works have been built in the city and around. Now, three pieces important madrasah still exist in the center of Konya and they give service as museum. In this study, you find detailed information about tile decoration of Sırçalı Madrasah that has been used as gravestones museum.

EFFECT OF DRAMA EDUCATION ON PRE SERVICE TEACHERS’ CREATIVITY

Zeynep DERE, — 2026-07-16

Creativity is a process that is not for a one time situation, but a long-life situation including encouragement and guidance. When individuals are provided with good opportunities, suitable education environment and a good planned curriculum, individuals can develop their creativity by performing and doing and trying and practice. These opportunities can be given to individuals and their creativity can be developed by performing drama. For this reason drama and creativity are closely related. Creativity has flexibility, fluency, originality and enrichment sub-dimensions in the literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of drama education on pre service elementary teachers’ creativity. In the study, one group pre-test post-test design has been used among a weak experimental design. Forty six pre service elementary teachers including 31 female and 15 male participated the study. Torrance Verbal Creativity Thinking Test Form A and Torrance Figural Creativity Thinking Test Form A were used as a pre-test and over 12 weeks these tests were used as a post-test to the participants. At the end of the drama education program, experimental group of pre service elementary teachers’ verbal and figural creativity thinking mean scores increased in the favor of post test scores.

The HISTORIOGRAPHY of BOSTAN ÇELEBİ and the QURAN VERSES in SÜLEYMAN-NÂME

Muhittin KAPANŞAHİN, — 2026-07-16

Several primary sources that narrate Ottoman history cite related Quran verses, hadith and proverbs, and employ holy remarks from these sacred sources to verify their remarks. In this sense, Bostan Çelebi, who is considered as one of the most significant sources of the period of Suleiman the Magnificent, employed the same method in his work, and became one of the historians who mastered the method of using related Quran verses in their works. Süleyman-nâme narrates the events beginning from Suleiman the Magnificent’s accession to the throne to 1542. It is one of the primary sources of Hammer, the historian, yet he registered the name of the writer as Ferdi. Later on, German orientalist Joseph von Karabacek asserted that it could have been written by Mustafa, the executed son of Suleiman the Magnificent, based on the note at the end of the complete version in Vienna. Hüseyin Yurdaydın, who examined the four previous versions together with the two new versions he located, found out that it was not written by Ferdi or the Sultan’s son Mustafa, but by Bostan Çelebi who was a high ranking official during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Written with a literary style, Süleyman-name gives more detailed information about the royal palace since Bostan Çelebi was a pupil of Suleiman the Magnificent’s teacher. He masterfully used related Quran verses in a literary sense while he was narrating the events dating from Suleiman the Magnificent’s accession to the throne and afterwards. The handwritten manuscript has a total of 174 foils, each page containing 15 lines. In this report, it is aimed to ascertain the Quran verses in Bostan Çelebi’s manuscript, which is registered in Süleymaniye Library, Ayasofya Col. Nr. 3317, and, thereby, to find out all Quran verses he associated to every topic. Subsequently, using Quran verses in historiography will be discussed

A RESEARCH ON EXHIBITION AND FASHION SHOW IDEAS OF FASHION DESIGN STUDENTS

Emine BAKAN, — 2026-07-16

Fashion design students, studying for two years or four years, take vocational theoretical and applied courses during their education. In this period, even if students have an intellectual point of view, the studies that they reveal will also be original and interesting at that point. Students who make designs in two or three-dimensional drawings or produce visuals in the course of their education, have the opportunity to present these works to others by exhibiting or fashioning them. It can be said that the feedback they receive in exhibitions and fashion shows is a positive influence on the academic success of the student. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the exhibitions and fashion shows that vocational school students revealed on their personal improvement. The universe of this study is 22 fashion design program students at second class that were studying in 2016-2017 academic year at Uşak University vocational school of Ulubey. This study is a research paper and consists of 13 propositions and 1 open ended question asked to the students. The results were evaluated considering the frequency and percentages. As a result of the study, it was seen that exhibitions and fashion that students presented within 2 years learning program, had a positive influence on their personal characteristics. In this context, all of the students told the exhibitions and fashion shows they opened as the most enjoyable side of the lessons. Moreover, while students think that such organizations have a positive effect on their professional careers, they also point out that the work done is also beneficial in terms of aesthetic value and creativity.

COUNSELLING SERVICES AND MENTAL SUPPORT IN SPORT

Ersin AFACAN,; Nazmi AVCI , Gökhan ÇOBANOĞLU — 2026-07-16

It is possible to observe in our country that especially professional teams and athletes begin to search the ways of strengthening the mental factors of performance more than the past. However, as many people including coach, trainer, athlete and managers, perceive that sport psychology deals with abnormal individuals or sportsmen, the concept of mental training still has a negative meaning in our sport culture. Whereas, mental training and mental coaching are the parts of sport psychology which explains how to overcome the mental obstacles, which hold an athlete back from performing the best performance, by teaching the required mental abilities for a success. Mental performance trainer, the practitioner of this field, seeks the main goal of performance development and the ways of to be successful in enhancing the performance consistency by focusing on the required mental strategies to be successful in any competition. That is, he works with normal people who want to perform the task given in their sports, but feel themselves under huge pressure

PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION PROBLEMS IN TURKEY SOCIAL LIFE REFLECTIONS AND SOLUTION PROPOSALS

Mustafa ARSLAN, — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to deal with the problem of education of children between 0-6 years, which is of great importance in terms of personal development, to examine its reflection on today’s social life and to suggest solutions. Individuals acquire habits between 0 to 6 years and usually carry these habits lifetime. In this respect, the education of the this age range is very important. The education required for the individual to acquire universal values, to adapt to collective life and to maintain his or her life in a healthy way, i.e socialize, should be given at the age of 0-6 years. In the context of qualitative research, document analysis was conducted and related resources were analyzed and reviewed. According to the results obtained, it was understood that no education was provided under state control including pre-school education except for kindergarten education. It has been determined that there are similar institutions in the world under the name of Children's Garden. It has been determined that children in this age range, where national and universal values are acquired, are left to the care of nurses, nurseries, inexperienced parents, smart phones, televisions and the Internet. As a result, it seems that there is a social dissolution in the society.

TÜRKİYE'DE BELEDİYELERDE ORGANİZASYONEL KAPASİTE YETENEĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ İÇİN BİR KARŞILAŞMA (İSTANBUL VE ANKARA BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYELERİ

Adnan SÖYLEMEZ, — 2026-07-16

The municipalities have history more than 150 years within administrative structures; Metropolitan Municipalities Law has been introduced as to be applied in Ankara and Istanbul for the first time in 1984 based to regulation clause 3, article 127 Constitution “Special location units can be organized for big location centers”. 1984 year, number 3030 “Metropolitan Municipalities Law” has been implemented until 2004 and then it has been changed with 2004-year number 5216. After eight years’ application, new number 6360 “Metropolitan Municipalities Law” has been accepted in 2012 so number 5216 code has been repealed therefore existence of totally 30 Metropolitan municipalities in our country borders have been officially accepted. Population density and surface area, efficient public service, democratic attendance level, providing developed optimal enormity in mean of high and culture in municipalities are being aimed in new law. Strategic plan is a guide showing future plans of an organization and how to apply those plans; priorities, processes, policies and strategies that organization will need upon developed vision are decided. Preparing strategic plan of metropolitan municipality is included in duties of metropolitan municipality subject to Metropolitan Municipalities Law. Also, issuing Activity Reports by municipalities at the end of every year is obligatory in the frame of strategic plan. In this study, under chapters “Assessing of Organizational ability and Capacity” included in Activity Reports Ankara and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipalities have been assessed through application a comparison.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: A RESEARCH ON HEALTH SECTOR

Nedim YILDIZ,, Hatice Hicret ÖZKOÇ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between organizational culture and organizational structure and to examine the effect of organizational culture on organizational structure. Survey technique was used as data collection tool in the research. As a scale, “The Organizational Structure Scale” that is developed by Khandwalla (1976) and adapted to Turkish by Özcan (2010) and the Organizational Culture Scale developed by Danısman and Ozgen (2003) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient was then calculated to determine the relationship between organizational structure and organizational culture, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to determine the organizational culture affecting the organizational structure. Research results indicate that; according to the institution in which they work, those working staff in the education and research hospitals perceived the organizational structure of their institutions more organic than those of private hospitals. The normative culture perception was highest in the education and research hospitals while hierarchy, clan, supportive, openness and development culture were the highest perception in the private hospitals. According to working position; workers in the general administrative position perceived the organization structure more organic compared to physicians, nurses and health technicians. The normative culture perception was highest in the position of health technicians. The hierarchical culture was highest in the position of nurse; the clan, supportive and development cultures were highest in the position of general administrative and the openness culture perception was highest in the position of physician. According to the results of regression analysis, as the rule and hierarchical culture levels of the people increased, degree of mechanization of organizational structure increased and as the clan, openness and development culture levels of the people increased, degree of mechanization of organizational structure decreased. As the rule and hierarchical culture levels of the people increased, degree of organic of organizational structure increased and as the clan, supportive, openness and development culture levels of the people increased, degree of organic of organizational structure decreased.

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Jean,Philippe GUNN, — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to develop the process of African nationalism from the colonial to the postcolonial period. The nationalism as a movement started in Africa during the colonization and was against this form of domination. The beginning of this movement has started indirectly at the first step of the colonization by the resistance of some Kings who wanted freedom of their lands and people. The political and social movements that brought nationalism movement in the continent appeared after the Second World War and permitted the African colonies to achieve independence. During the decolonization period, the desire to be a nation was a reality and the process of national identity was on the way. The postcolonial period was not the same as the former period and nationalism’s aspect have changed in the African countries. Instead of being a common sprit to be cherished, nationalism became source of conflict based on ethnic problems. The African leaders were not able to make the dream a reality because they brought new political system which stopped the evolution of the people. The fall of the former Soviet Union and the rise democracy system in political affairs opened the gate to a new nationalism in Africa since 1990.

PRIMARY SCHOOL 4TH GRADE METAPHORS OF SCHOOL GARDENSs

Sevil BÜYÜKALAN FİLİZ,, Sema FİDAN — 2026-07-16

Abstract This study is intended for determining the metaphors that 4th graders develop regarding the schoolyard notion, studying at schools with different structures. In this study, the phenomenological pattern was used under the qualitative research model. The study group comprised of a total 182 students. Within the study, the metaphors that the students develop in regard to the schoolyard notion were determined using a semi-structured form. In this form, the students were asked to complete this sentence: "Schoolyards are like .............. because .............." The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The reliability of the study was calculated via the formula [Consensus / (Consensus + Dissensus) x 100]. The average reliability value among the encoders was found to be 92% using this formula. At the end of the study, the students appeared to develop a total 118 metaphors concerning the schoolyards notion. The positive metaphors that the students developed for the schoolyard notion included playground, amusement park, game arcade, crèche, eating, life, freedom, a giant lake, heaven, parking lot, pool, and terrace. On the other hand, the negative metaphors that the students developed thereon contained complex eight, any street, doomsday street, straight road, ice-cold, garbage dump, boredom, and mayhem. These developed metaphors are summarized in a total 7 categories. In terms of covering the uttermost metaphors, these categories consist of schoolyards as "a favorite and sun place", "an imaginary place", "a place for sports", "a place where they feel safe", "a place for education", "a large yard", and "a limiting and boring place".

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COLOR FOR FASHION DESIGN STUDENTS TO CREATE IMAGEte Image

Emine BAKAN, — 2026-07-16

Fashion design is an application art in the fields of clothing and accessories that uses design and aesthetic cases. This area is shaped by creativity, influenced by social, cultural, historical and economic factors. In this context, it is the job of the designer to produce new products, to make improvements by evaluating the returns and to create new values and to offer different options in order to satisfy the needs in the light of acquired information. Color can be seen as one of the most important variable elements of the designer. So, depending on where the color is going to be used, light or dark, bright or dull, vivid or faded, it can create variable viewpoints on people such as interesting, eye catching, energetic, weak ... etc. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the undergraduate students studying in the fashion design program about the significance of color in creating images. The universe of studying for this purpose is the fashion design program students within Uşak University Ulubey Vocational School. 45 fashion design program students studying in 2016-2017 education year have been studied. When the studies about color were examined, it was seen that no studies were done on the students who study fashion design in undergraduate programs. Within the scope of the research, 45 fashion design program students were enrolled in Ulubey Vocational School of Uşak University in 2016-2017 academic year. The survey is composed of 6 closed-ended, 6 open-ended questions. Closed-end questions in the data obtained as a result of the questionnaire were analyzed using frequency and percentages. The responses to open-ended questions were reported to be the same as those written by the students. According to findings, the vast majority of students stated that blue and black colors express themselves. In addition, the majority of respondents said red, blue, and black colors as the color that affects them. The results of this research are important for fashion design students, young people and their families.

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT LEVELS OF HOSPITAL DATA ENTRY PERSONNEL

Selcen UÇAR,; Yeter DEMİR USLU , Pakize YİĞİT — 2026-07-16

Organizational commitment is the willingness of employees to have strong beliefs in their ownership of the organization's values and goals, to make efforts on behalf of its institutions, and to continue its duties in the organization. One of the major problems of the healthcare system is the reduction in the positive attitudes and behaviors of healthcare professionals to their institutions and professions. Organizational commitment is crucial in enhancing and improving the efficiency of an organization. The aim of the study is to determine organizational commitment levels of data entry personnel working at TEV Sultanbeyli State Hospital and to investigate whether there is a significant difference according to demographic characteristics. The Three Dimensional Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Meyer and Allen, is used to determine the level of commitment of 126 data entry personnel. Organizational commitment is aveluated in three parts. These; Affective, continuance and normative committent. Organizational commitment levels of data entry personnel were measured in this framework. Data input staffs were analyzed for their level of commitment according to their demographic characteristics. With the findings of the study; the organizational commitment of the data entry staff is moderate. It was observed that there was a significant difference in the emotional attachment levels of the data entry personnel according to gender, marital status and age groups, but there was no significant difference in the duration of service and organizational commitment.

STUDENTS BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOL GARDENS: A PRIMARY SCHOOL EXAMPLE

Yelda Aydın TÜRK, — 2026-07-16

School grounds are important in children's physical, social and academic development when it is thought that students spend most of their time in school. For this reason, the physical qualities of school gardens are influential on student behavior. The school grounds used by students from different age groups should be designed to meet the needs of various groups of children. It is important to examine behaviour patterns of the students before reorganization / design of school gardens. Because the primary users of the garden are the students, thus understanding how the users spend their time in the garden and meet user needs should be the priority of the designers. The purpose of this study is; to analyze the way primary school students use school gardens. This study will describe what kind of tendencies the children have about the use of the school garden, what kind of activities they are doing, where and how they do these activities. Ticaret Primary School, located in the Kalkınma district, is selected in this study. In this study place based behavior mapping method was used. On-site observations were made for generating behavior maps. Observations were made throughout the day, including all breaks and recess period. The observations were done by hidden cameras placed in the school gardens with no blind spots to allow prevent distractions. As a result; the types of activities that students do in a certain period of time have been identified and the distribution of each activity intensity in the school ground has been defined. Additionally, it was determined that students from different sexes used the space differently and had different space needs. Thus, an important stand for the design of the school ground and the use of the school garden has been achieved.

UNDERSTANDING OF RELIGION AND BURIAL CUSTOMS IN HUNS

Ebru ORAL, — 2026-07-16

Huns, possessing a significant place in Central Asia Step Cultures, attract attention with their religious beliefs and burial customs special to them. It is understood that the religious beliefs of societies have played an important role in the formation of burial customs and their applications having emerged in different geographies and cultural regions since the dawn of the history. It is understood that the belief of hereafter adopted by societies living in different cultural regions such as Anatolia, Mesopotamia and Egypt had a significant place in Central Asia Step Cultures. It is known that the abovementioned belief had an important effect on the emergence of religious beliefs and formation of understanding of religion in societies living in different periods of history and in various cultural regions. Within the context of the study, it will be tried to evaluate the issue by handling various aspects to unearth the concept of God and religious beliefs, which are part of religious understanding in Huns. At the same time, various rituals, worshiping forms and myths emerging together with religious beliefs will be dealt with and tried to be evaluated. Myths of creation believed in Central Asia Step Cultures, the reflections of religious beliefs on the artworks and the effects of religious understanding on life styles in Huns will be tried to be assessed within the context of understanding of religion. Within this scope, burial customs and its applications will be tried to be evaluated as a part of religious belief.

YOĞUN BAKIMDA AĞRI, SEDASYONVE KONFOR YÖNETİMİNDE HEMŞİRENİN ROLÜ

Sema KONATEKE,, Zeynep GÜNGÖRMÜŞ — 2026-07-16

Yoğun bakım üniteleri durumu kritik hastaların tedavi gördüğü, tıbbi cihazlar yönünden donatılmış, yirmi dört saat kesintisiz hizmet veren izole birimlerdir. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde en önemli sorun ağrının giderilmesidir. Ağrının giderilmesi için öncelikle doğru değerlendirilmesi gerekir.McCaffery “Ağrıyı algılayan kişi ne diyorsa odur ve nerede var diyorsa ağrı orada mevcuttur” diyerek ağrı tanılamasında en güvenli yolun kişinin ifadesi olacağına vurgu yapmıştır. Fakat yoğun bakım ünitelerinde uygulanan mekanik ventilasyon ve sedasyon nedeniyle hastaların sözel ifade etme yetenekleri kısıtlanır.Bu durumlarda ağrı davranışsal olarak ifade edilmektedir. İnvaziv ve invaziv olmayan girişimler, pozisyon değişiklikleri, kateter takılması, çıkarılması ve yara yeri bakımı gibi yoğun bakımda hastaların en çok ağrı yaşadıkları uygulamalardır. Bu uygulamalar sırasında yüzü ve alnı buruşturma, yüzde kızarıklık, dizlerini kendine doğru bükme, tedavi yapan kişiyi itme, yumruğunu sıkma, entübasyon tüpünü sıkma, inleme tarzı sesler çıkarma, ventilatörden kurtulmaya çalışma, girişim yapılan bölgeyi ağrılı uyarandan uzaklaştırmaya çalışma vb. gibi davranışsal tepkiler gösterirler. Yoğun bakım hemşiresinin ağrıyı ve sedasyonu değerlendirmesinde ve ağrının sonlandırılmasında önemli rolleri vardır. Hemşireler hastaya ağrı yaratacak uygulamaları iyi bilmeli, hastanın uygulamalar sırasında davranışsal tepkilerini gözlemlemeli, davranışsal ağrı ölçeklerine göre değerlendirerek hastanın ağrı yaşadığı uygulamalardan önce analjezik ilaç uygulamalıdır. Yoğun bakımda hastalara ılık silme banyo yaptırmak, bası nedeniyle oluşan nekrozu önlemek amacıyla pozisyonu değiştirmek ve bölgeyi desteklemek, dolaşımı hızlandırarak vücuttaki oksijensizliğe bağlı ağrıyı engellemek için masaj yapmak ve havalı yatak kullanmak, sıcak soğuk uygulama yapmak, müzik dinletmek, duyusal emosyonel destek olmak, yoğun bakım şartlarına uygun olacak şekilde hastayı ailesiyle görüştürmek hemşireler tarafından uygulandığında analjezik ilaçlar kadar etkili yöntemlerdir. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yapılan girişimler, uygulanan monitörizasyon, hastanın yaşadığı ağrı, yapılan sedasyon, uykusuzluk, çevrenin gürültülü olması, çevresel uyaranların fazla olması, mekanik ventilasyon nedeniyle oluşan susuzluk, sözel iletişim kuramama, aileden uzak olma, beslenme örüntüsünün değişmesi, korku, anksiyete, kendini güvende hissetmeme,yatağın rahat olmaması vb. nedenler hastanın fiziksel, sosyokültürel, spiritual, çevresel düzeyde konforunu olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yoğun bakım hemşireleri hastanın yanında bulunarak hastanın kendini güvende hissetmesini sağlamak, hastanın ağrısını hafifletmek, yapılan girişimlerde hastayı mümkün olduğunca rahatsız etmemek, ortamda gereksiz olarak gürültüyü en aza indirmek, hastanın yeteri kadar dinlenmesini sağlamak, ortama oryante etmek, aileyi ve hasta bilinçli ise hastayı bilgilendirmekle görevlidirler. Bu uygulamalar hastanın ağrısını azaltacak,konforunu artırarak hemşirelikbakımının kalitesini en üst seviyeye çıkarıp iyileşme ve taburculuk sürecini hızlandıracaktır.

GRAPHIC DESIGN EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF BRAND CREATION AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Mehtap SAĞOCAK,, Evrim SIRMALI — 2026-07-16

Graphic Design is an area of visual communication where illustrative and photographic elements, symbols and writing are used together and organized. It has become compulsory to create brand identity at every scale in a competitive environment where visual stimuli are becoming decisive in the globalizing social and commercial life, where the flow of information accelerates, media environments change rapidly and are restructured. It has become important to create identity to be authenticated, recognized and preferred in every scale from countries, cities, all kinds of commercial, social, political institutions to individuals, and in doing so, it is important to activate the means and processes of visual perception and visual communication. In this context, the internal link of the brand phenomenon with the field of graphic design, brand identity formation of visual communication, advertising, promotion and brand communication gain meaning. The design and implementation of a brand's advertising and promotional activities in all media environments, with the help of visual symbols and design of the documents of corporate identity, the main application areas of graphic design education. This study aims to reveal the contribution of the "brand" concept of Graphic Design education through the example of Uludağ University Vocational School of Technical Sciences ,Graphic Design program and to discuss it in the context of the courses, subjects, practices and projects in the 2 years education process.

THE EFFECT OF NURSE MANAGERS COMMUNICATION SKILLS TO NURSE’S JOB PERFORMANCE

Aysun TÜRE,, Aytolan YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effect of communication skills of managers nurse’s to nurse’s job performance. Method: This descriptive study has been carried out on 368 nurses working in a university hospital in Eskisehir. The data of the study have been collected through Personal Information Form developed by the researcher, Communication Skills Perception Inventory composed of 45 items and 3 sub-dimensions and Job Performance Scale composed of 5 items. Results: It was found that most of the nurses participated into the study are female, married, have bachelor’s degree, and working in surgical clinic, have an average 29,84±7,88 age range, and an average 8,30±7,60 professional experience. It was found that the nurses participated into the study were above the average of Perception of Communication Skills Inventory total score (56,49 ± 31,12) and Job Performance Scale total score (15,40 ± 3,31). Significant correlations between nurse’s perception level of communication skills and job performances were found positive, intermediate and statistically (r = 0,257; p = 0,000). Conclusions: It was found that the nurses participated into the study, nurse managers’ level of perception of communication skills and job performances are above the average, and nurse managers communication styles affected the nurses' job performance positively.