SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2018 Issue 18

EUROPEAN UNION AS A NORMATIVE POWER

Ayşegül GÖKALP KUTLU,, Zeynep SIVAR YENİCELER — 2026-07-16

The European Union, whose existence has lasted for many years and whose foundations must be searched for deeply, is the most important integration project in the world. The unique position of the European Union, which distinguishes itself from all other projects, has made the integration project one of the most titles of scientific research. The European Union is an active force in world politics with various actions and rhetoric that it exhibits, and it is one of the most controversial items on the subject as to how the European Union is a force. This study will examine the European Union, which is seen as a civil, military, or normative force, a frequent subject of debate on the issue, as a normative force. In the light of the opinion that Ian Manners had been put forward in the 1990s in the light of the work, the concept of normative power, the normative foundations of the European Union, and the tools that it uses and uses to maintain this power, whether it is normative power or possess it. In addition, it will be examined whether this title of the European Union, referred to as a normative power, adapts itself to the present situation and actions of the Union and whether the Union can be regarded as a normative force.

YAVAŞ ŞEHİRLERDE BULUNAN TURİSTİK İŞLETMELERİNİN ESTETİK DEĞERLERİNİ BELİRLEMEK ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: GÖKÇEADA ÖRNEĞİ

Feriyal FARHADİ ANDARABİ,, Azize TUNÇ HASSAN — 2026-07-16

This study was carried out with the tourists who purchased a package tour and visited Gökçeada, which became a member of the Cittaslow Network for the first time and which is still the only member island within the Network. The research aimed to determine the aesthetic value of touristic businesses in Gökçeada and also to reveal the effect of aesthetic value on the satisfaction of tourists. The survey method was selected as the data collection tool and 770 valid surveys were evaluated. During the data analysis stage of the research, the frequencies and percentages of the demographic information of the tourists were examined. Afterward, factor analysis was applied to the data and the correlation and regression coefficients between the factors were examined. According to the results of the research, there is a high positive correlation between the aesthetic values of accommodation, restaurant, shops selling local products and sightseeing buses and satisfaction of the tourists. A moderate negative correlation was found between the aesthetic value of the museums and the satisfaction of the tourists. There was a high negative correlation between the aesthetic value of the souvenir shops and the satisfaction of the tourists. Continuous innovations in aesthetic values in touristic establishments and enrichment of the museums are thought to motivate tourists to travel. Introduction of various handicraft courses in Gökçeada and the implementation of some projects by the universities together with the local government and public education centers will contribute to the awareness of the local people.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS: A FIELD SURVEY ON INONU UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Meral ÇALIŞ DUMAN,, Mustafa AKSOĞAN — 2026-07-16

Social media, one of the most important achievements of today's technology age, is being used extensively all over the world and the majority of this use is the young population. Especially for educational purposes and the role of social media on the education of the young population, the effects of which are felt in all areas of our life constitute an important curiosity. This research has been done due to this curiosity. The aim of this research is to reveal the social media role on the academic achievement of selected university students as the target audience. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to undergraduate students of Inönü University. As a result of the evaluations, it was found out that the use of social media and social media tools for educational purposes allows students to learn by having fun in lessons and after-hours activities, to increase group-building and resource sharing and collectivist learning, to strengthen student-student relationships, to enhance communication skills, positive effects on achievement were observed.

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AT AXIS CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

Nusret GÖKSU,, Ömer İhsan YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

Businesses in the fiercely competitive environment, where information is the greatest strength, must set out their distinctive aspects in order to survive. This necessity encourages businesses to use contemporary management activities in a range of activities. Businesses need to identify their areas of expertise and focus on what they are best at in order to stay competitive. To do this, they should identify the basic skills of the enterprises and get support from outsourcing their jobs outside their best field or areas, again doing business that makes them the best. In order to determine the level of importance of the basic capabilities and outsourcing of our operations in supply chain management activities, a total of 51 national and international enterprises operating in Hatay province were collected and analyzed by questionnaire. The frequency, reliability, and Freidman’s ANOVA test using the SPSS packet program revealed the key talent and outsourcing benefits from contemporary management approaches in supply chain management.

A LOOK INTO THE REASONS BEHIND DONALD J. TRUMP’S US PRESIDENTAL ELECTION 2016 VICTORY

Oğulcan GÜNGÖR, — 2026-07-16

The elections have been one of the most important events of the countries governed by democracy over the world. Free and democratic elections are held in a transparent manner by the people to determine who will have the say in the management of the countries. In elections, a number of candidates publicly announce their candidacy to the public through parties or independent platforms. The final decision is left to the public after promises and campaigns. Elections are a political activism that has been seen as a phenomenon that has often been foreseeable since the days of societal life, but also has unexpected, surprising consequences. The victory of Donald Trump in 2016 is surprisingly welcomed not only by the United States but also by the world. This work was done to understand and analyze the underlying causes behind Trump's unexpected victory from the perspective of political science.

EFFECT OF MARITAL STATUS OF WOMEN EMPLOYED IN TURKEY

Cennet Arman ZENGİ, — 2026-07-16

With regards to countries's economies, the rate of labour force participation is one of the important indication in macroeconomy. Labour force participation rate is always wanted to grow without looking the level of countries's development and it is significant as mentioned before. However labour force participation rate differs from lots of ecomomic factors in terms of countries's economies,the way of employment in countries and gender of countries's populations. Maintaining labour force participation active is substantial for sustainable development. In Turkey, the way of employment for women and men and the rate of labour force participation for women and men are quite different. In this study, first, determinant factors in labour force participation for women and then marital status ,which is one of the determinat factor, and its effect are studied with econometric analysis for women who participate labour foRCE.

BUILDING ROOF GARDEN DESIGN: STUDIED ON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION

Tuğba DÜZENLİ,, Serap YILMAZ , Elif Merve ALPAK — 2026-07-16

In the present study, "Roof Garden Design" course given during the 6th semester of Landscape Architecture education at Karadeniz Technical University was addressed. This course is an elective course that aims to instruct the students the types of roof gardens, their functional and aesthetical benefits, and how to use roof gardens in the design process. The main objective of the course is to teach how roof gardens can contribute to the city by integrating with the urban areas, buildings and activities. In the first stage, the study aimed to explain how the students interpreted the roof of the assigned building in the roof garden design process, how they designed the roof garden, what kind of plants they chose and why, and how they interpreted the spatial construct based on the activities they assigned to the roof and roof garden design presentations were examined for this purpose. In the second stage, a survey was conducted; students were asked how much they learned about the use roof garden types, utilization purposes and design criteria to recognize the instructional level of the roof garden design course. Furthermore, an open-ended question was posed in the survey to reveal the meaning of "Roof Garden Design" course for students. In conclusion, it was determined that the students had difficulty in constructing the design criteria since they had limited design experience, however they had a good understanding of roof garden types and intended use during the roof garden design process. It was also established that the students found the course instructive and useful.

EFFECT OF MİCRO-TEACHING PRACTICES SUPPORTED WITH SCAFFOLDING STRATEGIES ON VIOLIN STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE ON PLAYING AND TEACHING INSTRUMENTS

Beste ATALAY ÖCAL,, Sibel ÇOBAN — 2026-07-16

The research was conducted to analyze the effect of micro-teaching applications supported with scaffolding strategies on violin students’ knowledge on playing and teaching instruments. Study group of the research, in which pretest-posttest synchronized control group model among semi-test methods was used, consists of a total of 20 violin students attending Music Education Department of Marmara University as of 2016-2017 academic year. “Knowledge Test” developed by the researcher was used to determine violin students’ level of knowledge in playing and teaching instruments. The difference between pretest-posttest data of the experiment and control groups was tested using Non-Parametric Wilcoxon Test. According to the results obtained from research, while there are statistically significant increase found in teacher candidates’ level of knowledge in playing and teaching violin in the experiment group, a significant increase was not found in students’ level of knowledge in the experiment group. Statistically significant increase was not also observed in teacher candidates’ and students’ level of knowledge in playing and teaching violin in the control group.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN WITH SMART AND ECOLOGICAL CITIES: "LAND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS" (LIMS) AND "TRANSFER OF PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT RIGHT" (TPDRM)

Aziz Cumhur KOCALAR, — 2026-07-16

The work has a clever and ecological perspective that brings together the different dimensions of planning and architecture through interdisciplinary topics under the roof of the urban design. It examines some examples from the world and our country in the context of such a conceptual framework consisting of theoretical and principle approaches. Today, a land management is the main component of the free market economy with the regulation and securing of the property rights related to the land. This is seen as a priority step in access to improved living standards. Establishment of the Land Information Management System (ABYS) and management mechanisms is a priority that should be given importance. For this purpose; to provide the necessary technology to gather information, to search for ways to use information effectively, and to create and develop information systems. Today, immovable property is a factor that has a passion for land-housing relationship. Measures must be taken to ensure that the rights are brought to the use of the city before it is transformed into excessive and unfair competition. It is very important to imagine the different elements that enhance property rights, without jeopardizing property security. For this purpose, it is possible to design and use modern development application tools such as transfer the right of property and development together with plans, projects and applications for intelligent towns in order to minimize and utilize existing land resources in the most efficient way. Thus, together with smart cities, accurate and sustainable land and land management will be achieved in the direction of legal-administrative frameworks. In parallel with this, land development and multi-valued valuation will make it easier to create valuation maps in our country and the possibilities of immovable development and management will be increased. In addition, sustainable ecological materials will be used to strengthen buildings and serve the city with smart and ecological cities approach. Energy performance requirements will be determined by analyzing existing building stock to reduce energy use in homes. Disaster-sensitive planning, which takes into account more frequent disasters in our country, will be realized. In the open settlement of disasters, the people will be provided with a comfortable life with a norm that meets social and economic needs. It is possible to develop urban design approaches to intelligent and ecological towns in development plan implementations to ensure sustainability in the future. Apart from these theoretical approaches, new opportunities and facilities can also be created through the "land information management system" (LIMS) and the "transfer of property and development right" (EMS / T) from the innovative development application tools.

THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TODAY'S CITIES AND THE REFLECTIONS OF DEVELOPING THE CITIES OF THESE FACTORS: GAZIANTEP SAMPLE

Ömer ŞEN, — 2026-07-16

It is becoming increasingly difficult to define a city within the complex and rapid transformation and development of today's world. Factors that make it difficult to define have also changed the factors that influence the development of today's cities. With the phenomenon of globalization, cities are headed for a position above the states. It is foreseen that the future socio-economic and cultural main geographical units will be cities from the states. In this case, it is very important to investigate in more depth the factors that affect the development of today's cities. These factors will be examined in this study. This study aims to explain this situation with the example of Gaziantep, which is the biggest city of the sixth Southeastern Anatolia Region of our country.

ORGANIZATIONAL LABORITY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR CONSTRUCTED UNDER THE LAW ENACTED ON 11/10/2011 WITH NUMBER 663

Murat AK,Özcan SEZER — 2026-07-16

Organizational commitment can be defined as a sense of belonging which employees feel towards their organizations or institutions. With this in mind, organizational commitment is a strategic issue that can result in multi-dimensional and comprehensive results for both employees and institutions. Therefore, the commitment of employees who work for an organization or an institution is of great importance both for their own satisfaction and performance, and for organizational or institutional productivity and success. Within the Ministry of Health organization structured by the Decree Law No. 663 dated 11.10.2011; Turkey Public Hospitals Organization, the Public Health Agency of Turkey and the Central Organization of the Ministry of Health are envisaged as a tripartite structure. According to this, the provincial organizations of the related institutions in the center are General Secretariat of Public Hospitals Association, Public Health Directorates and Provincial Health Directorates. The analysis of the loyalties of the employees working in this three institutions is crucial so that the change in the perception of belonging which the triple institutional structure has formed in the employees can be determined. In order to create a sample for this purpose, an organizational commitment questionnaire developed by Allen and Meyer (1990) and adopted to Turkish by Arzu Wasti (2002) was applied to 212 public employees working in the Bartın Provincial Health Directorate, Bartın Public Hospitals Association and Bartın Public Health Directorate, the Bartın Provincial Public Health Organization, As a result of the survey and analysis, the organizational commitment of public employees working in Bartın Public Health Service was evaluated in three sub-dimensions and on the axis of demographic variables. According to this, while the level of commitment of managers for emotional attachment and normative commitment subscales is higher than that of civil servants, the level of commitment of civil servants in terms of attendance is significantly higher than that of managers. It can also be said that the loyalties of the civil servants are more in terms of attendance due to the job security and employment stability prescribed by law. As for the executives, it is seen that their emotional and normative commitment is higher than that of civil servants.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERMEDIARY ROLE OF PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY IN THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS ON RESILIENCE OF ELITE ATHLETS

Nahit ÖZDAYINahit ÖZDAYI,, Mehmet Burak DEMİR — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of communication skills of elite athletes from different sports on resilience and intermediary role of problem solving. The study was conducted with a total of 554 elite athletes who voluntarily participated in the study from the sports of football, basketball, volleyball, handball, wrestling, boxing, athletics and judo. Communication Skills Evaluation Scale, Problem Solving Skills Scale and Resilience Scale were used as data collection instruments. Communication Skills Evaluation Scale (CSES) which was developed by Korkut (1996) and consists of 25 items was used in order to evaluate the communication skills of elite athletes. Problem Solving Skills Scale (PSSS) which was developed by Heppner and Petersen, adapted into Turkish by Şahin and Heppner(1993) and consists of 35 items was used in order to find out the problem solving skills of the elite athletes. Resilience Scale which was developed by Gürgân (2006) and consists of 8 factors and 50 items was used to determine the resilience levels of elite athletes. All the data were analyzed with SPSS software. Frequency, percent, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical regression were used for the statistical analysis of the collected data. The effect of communication skills of elite athletes on resilience (ß=0,804) decreased when the problem solving (ß=0,246) skill was included to the model. This result revealed that problem solving skills had partial intermediary role for the effect of communication skills of elite athletes on resilience.

SUBJECTİVE WELL-BEİNG İN TEACHERS: TRNC EXAMPLE

Selahattin YAKUT, — 2026-07-16

The research group of this study aimed to examine the level of subjective well-being in terms of various variables in teachers. It consists of 88 teachers, 22 (25%) female and 66 (75%) males, who are working in the TRNC and selected by chance sampling. The "Subjective Well-Being Scale" and the "Personal Information Form" were used to collect the data. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H analyzes were performed in the SPSS program. The results were as follows: Gender, age, school type did not make a statistically significant difference on subjective well-being of teachers. satisfaction with the family environment, satisfaction with the school environment, and regular sports making variables had a statistically significant effect on subjective well-being.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES: THE CASE OF NORTHERN CYPRUS

Erdi BAHADIR,, Erdi BAHADIR , Özgü BAYRAKTAR — 2026-07-16

Organizational justice is a concept of how the concept of justice in the workplace is perceived and reacted by employees. Organizational commitment is that the employees feel themselves belong to organization. The two concepts are closely related to the job satisfaction that an employee is happy and productive at work. In this study, the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction was examined in the context of hospital staff and effective parameters were investigated. A total of 199 people, 159 female and 40 male, participated in the study conducted for the purpose of the university hospital in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. For this aim, 199 people, 159 female and 40 male, who working in the university hospital in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus were participated. The questionnaire includes personal information form, Organizational Justice Scale, Organizational Commintment Scale, and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale was given to participants. Organizational justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction were found to be positively and statistically significant in the analysis results. According to hypothesis testing, gender, financial situation and career of the participants ' own selection status have an impact on the scores of organizational justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. in this study, it was observed that there was a strong relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment and business satisfaction, which are important concepts for organizations.

A RESEARCH ON DRIVING SCHOOLS AND CURRICULUMS IN STATE OF NORDRHEIN WESTFALEN GERMANY

Mehmet Orhan KAYA, — 2026-07-16

A person who wants to have a motor vehicle driver’s license in Germany, which is a federal government, must have education in an appropriate driving school and be successful both theoretical and practical/driving exams conducted by competent authorities of the government. Driving schools established by private entrepreneurs with the permission of the government and subject to state supervision must implement the theoretical and practical curriculum content determined by the government. The curriculum consists of two parts which are the basic curriculum for all levels of driver’s license and the specific curriculum according to the level of driver’s license. Courses in driving school are given by the authorized people who have the qualifications determined by the government. The person who successfully completes the course and passes both theoretical and practical exams has the right to have a driver’s license.

Analyzıng the effect of local sport massage applıed before warm-up to some performance alues of football players

Hasan ABANOZ,, Malik BEYLEROĞLU , Gülşah ŞAHİN , Nuri Muhammet ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

Analyzıng the effect of local sport massage applıed before warm-up to some performance alues of football players Abstract Purpose: This study aims to provide an examination of the effects of sport massage before training or competition warm-up regarding to some performance values in football players. Target group: The target group of the study is consisted of 10 volunteered male students who are currently studying in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, School of Physical Education and Sports Coaching Education Department. They are majored on Football and play football actively in amateur clubs. Firstly, without applying the warm-up massage, the values of pulse rate, systolic, dialostic pressure, vertical jumping, flexibility and 10x5m. Shuttle Run values of the participants are recorded. During the same day, the same values of the students were taken after application of warm-up massage and both data is compared with first values. Statistical analysis of test result values of participators was done by using SPSS 15,0 version. Comparative values of the football players with or without massage with Wilcoxon test (p<0.05) value was found as significant. Results: The mean of physical measurements of participators are; 22.90 ± 2.33 years age, 172,80 ± 6.16 cm tall stature, 69.29 ± 5.59 kg body weight, and 22.87 ± 1.86 body mass index (BMI). In the result of the analysis, the comparation of the participators’ first and latter application, a significant difference is seen between vertical jumping and flexibility values. Conlusion: It is observed that local sport massage application to the football players before training or competition, warm-up affects vertical jumping in negative way meanwhile effecting the flexibility in positively. The effect of the massage to the physiological values are not found statistically significant. It is envisaged that effect of massage will become more evident with the increase in the the number of similar works with more participators.

TWO CASES FOR HERESTHETICS

SARA ONUR, — 2026-07-16

Heresthetic is special term named W. Riker. I interpreted it differently it from Riker. When I said it “the war, I felt that I would be the one to take the battle. Heresthetic as negative and positive it has two kinds. As in every war, there will be losses to win. With Dr. Öğr. Ü. even I win at the university, it’ s true where I lost in UAK for now. This trial paper is to show heresthetics and it has two cases to prove that heresthetic is science as heresthetics.

THE EXAMINATION OF HUMOR IN CHILDREN’S PICTURE BOOKS

Şengül PALA,, Mübeccel GÖNEN — 2026-07-16

This study also aims if or these books are appropriate for preschool children’s humor development In this study, humor forms are examined in terms of visual, verbal and circumstantial. As a measurement tool, a form which is developed by Johnson (2010) and adopted to Turkish by researcher was used. This form consists of 45 criteries and it allows to see visual, verbal and circumstantial forms of humor in picture books are used. As a sample, 54 child Picture books are used after taken by experts in child literature and child development. Some of the books in the sample are written Turkish and the others are transleted from English. As a result of the study it was found that examined picture books are appropriate to preschool children’s humor development. In addition to this, there are some humorous forms which are relevant for younger or older children’s form of humor.

DETERMINATION OF EFFECTING FINANCIAL ASSETS ON TOURISM SECTORS

Hakan ALTIN,, Cemil SÜSLÜ — 2026-07-16

In the literature, a number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between stock prices and financial assets. For example; Bodie (1976), Nelson (1976), Fama ve Schwert (1977), Fama (1981), Grossman (1981), Urich ve Watchel (1981), Geske ve Roll (1983), Gultekin (1983), Kaul (1987), Chen (1989), Thorbecke (1997), Park ve Ratti (2000) ve Altın ve Şahin (2011). However, in the literature, there are small numbers of studies that investigate the relationship between financial assets and Tourism Index. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of financial assets on Tourism index’s stock returns. For this purpose; BRENT oil, EURO, USD, BONDS, GOLD/Dollar and SİLVER /Dollar parity were used as explanatory variables which were thought to affect the index (XTRZM) traded in the Istanbul stock exchange. The study covers the period between 03.01.2005 and 31.12.2015. Daily data were used in the study which examined a 10 year period. The study found that the financial variables comprising BRENT oil, EURO, USD, BONDS, GOLD/USD and SİLVER/USD parity are co-integrated on the long run with XTRZM. As a result of regression analysis, there are negative relationship between BRENT oil, EURO, BONDS and XTRZM. And, there are statistically significant and positive relationship between USD, GOLD/ USD, SİLVER/USD parities and XTRZM.

BROKEN FAMILIES AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN CHANGING SOCIETIES - With an example of women in Kırıkkale -

Dolunay ŞENOLDolunay ŞENOL, — 2026-07-16

Family is accepted as one of the most important institutions, which exists in all societies and performs important functions. Families have experienced some changes in different times and at different societies, and are heavily influenced by the alterations in the social structure. People, who have lived in extended families in community societies, now, in individual society, prefer to live in elementary families. Furthermore, as a result of the increasing individualization, new types of families have arisen such as one-parent family, living together and being single. This change, which was an obligation of the change of the world, has both advantages and disadvantages. In these types of families, men and women have to stay alone and take more responsibility. In socialization of the children, primary relations were replaced with secondary relations. This caused emotional emptiness for both parents and children. In this study theoretical infrastructure will be created in order to illustrate the problems of broken families. Interviews have been done with 34 women in broken families who live in Kırıkkale province of Turkey. In these interviews, questions relating to problems of broken families and their members have been asked for the purpose of determining their opinions. Information, received in these interviews, will be evaluated in the light of theory. The data obtained from the interviews will be evaluated in the theoretical framework and the problems of the individuals living in the broken families will tried to be presented with a sociological point of view. In this study, problems of broken families will be accentuated and solutions for those problems will be provided.

SCHOOL of BAUHAUS

Dervis ERGUN, — 2026-07-16

Bauhaus is a movement of an education on art and design, which left it smark on the period through a new point of view and solution techniques brought into art, politics and economy. It is more than a school of art, and it has a functionas a guide book, which leads to the concept of economic development by impressing an idea of a desing philosophy. There are argument sfocusing on the concept integrity a used by the movement rather than on the heritage of experiences and teachings of the short story of school. Most probably, there is not any other formation that has so many speculations. Every comment has led to a new argument and the issue is still on the agenda. In this respect, the important thing about Bauhaus is that it has enabled its social history created by itself to be written. Displacement law, which has been developed by political, social and economic conditions, is the major determinant factor in the foundation, development and transformation processes of the movement. According to these developments, Bauhaus is a philosophy that focuses on the target throught he idea of '' designing life''. The school of Bauhaus has provedus the ideal of feasibility by its creation a ct within 14 years.

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERS OF WOMEN IN THE NOVELS OF ALI AHMED BAKTHIR

Ethem DEMİR, — 2026-07-16

The Arab woman, who faced many restrictions in social, political and cultural spheres, has been shown to be more involved in various areas and more intensified by the intense struggles. The Arab woman, who increased her activity in social areas; it has become the sought after face of literature and arts from a process where the greatest upswing has been realized in the cultural arena, where it is unfavorable to give the name to a literary genre. As noted, the Arab woman who felt her presence in many areas of literature, XIX. He also played a very active role in the field of novel art that passed from Western literature to Arabic literature in the 20th century and struck him with his personal color. It is seen that Ali Ahmad Bashkir was one of the people who had a great importance to her work in the novels due to the emotional richness, character diversity and delicate structure possessed by the woman who is another half of mankind. Bâkesîr, who, in some of his studies, has played an extra role in some of the other heroes, has touched on the positive and negative characteristics.

OUTDOOR SPACE NICHES

Elif Merve ALPAK,, Tuğba DÜZENLİ , Sema MUMCU — 2026-07-16

Urban spaces have a flat, monotonous structure, making their space more meaningful when they are divided into different small sub-spaces where different activities can be performed within themselves. The concept of urban niche gains importance in this direction. Urban niches are formed by the division of large open spaces into small subspaces, either by the same users or by the habit of different users over time, which are constantly used to perform the same activities. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the relation between the open spaces and the creation of living-living spaces by examining how the streets are transformed into urban niches. By literature survey, it has been determined that, for a place to become a niche, the ratio should primarily contain physical features such as voids, hollows, protrusions and walls, and through these properties, people make habit of using it and create urban niches by creating an environmental cognition there. As a result, the niches formed in open spaces determine that people are engaged in passive and social communication such as a longer time spent, stopped, chatted, chatted, watched, listened to and watched, and thus live.

YIR OF CRIMEAN TATARS

Sema KEÇECİ, — 2026-07-16

Yir of Crimean Tatars is compiled by the members of Ukraine Composer Union İlyas Bahşış and Edem Nalbandov. The aims of this study are translating the book yır, which is an important work for Crimean Tatars into Turkish, spoken in Anatolian territories, and introducing it doing its grammar and word studying. In the article, poems found in the book yır are analyzed and work and research about Crimean Tatar public and Crimean country are mentioned. The lives of Crimean which is leading from past to present and wars that they had to be in them and also financial and emotional damage are examined. İlyas Bahşış was born in Akmescit, Crimea on the 23th of March, 1913 and he died on the 25th of September, 2000 after he lived eighty-seven years. On the other hand, Edem Nalbandov was born in the city Qarasuvbazar in 1926 and he died on the 22nd of May, 1999 after he lived seventy-two years. There are almost three hundred fifty yır of Crimean Tatar public in the book. Their topics are mainly love, nature, animal and bravery. The work is written by using one of the dialects of Crimean Tatar ‘‘Ortayolaq’’. It ıs possible to realize specialty of Crimean public in the poems.

INVESTIGATING METAPHORIC PERCEPTIONS STATED BY CANDIDATE SCIENCE TEACHERS REGARDING CONTRIBUTION OF THE GUIDANCE SERVICES AT SCHOOL FOR STUDENTS

Süleyman BALCI, — 2026-07-16

Metaphoric perceptions can enable individuals to shape their cognitive structures by restructuring, directing and controlling their thoughts about the formation and process of the happenings. Aim of this study is to analyze metaphoric perceptions of candidate science teachers regarding contribution of the guidance services at school for students. Participants of this study are fourth grade students who were attending science education department of an education faculty in 2017-2018 academic calendar. In order to determine the participants, purposeful sampling technique were used and metaphoric perceptions stated by candidate science teachers were analyzed qualitatively. An open-ended question were asked to participants and their responses were taken in written form in order to collect necessary data. Furthermore, after analyzing their written responses, content of written responses were clustered into groups and themes. Subsequently, frequency value of each group and each theme were calculated. As a result of the analysis of metaphoric perceptions stated by candidate science teachers, it is determined that contribution of the guidance services at school for students have been explained with several and meaningful metaphors.

THE ADAPTATION OF THE FILIAL RESPONSIBILITY EXPECTATION SCALE INTO TURKISH: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Emine ER,, Yener ÖZEN — 2026-07-16

In this study Filial Responsibility Expectation Scale was introduced.. Findings which about reliability and validity of Filial Responsibility Expectation Scale were presented. The purpose of this study is adapted of Filial Responsibility Expectation Scale which evaluating filial responsibility expectation into Turkish language. This adapted Filial Resposibility Expectation Scale will be used in master thesis to be done by researchers upon Hamon’s permission. Scale’s reliability and validity will be tested in master thesis to be done. Factor Analyses was conducted in the process of adapting of scale. While choosing items and deciding the suitability of the items, items which are factor loading value’s .40 and over were put into process. Result of analyses was finded that eigen values had one basic breaking point. This result was indicated that items of scale were grouped under one factor. This one factor’s variance ratio is 55,476%. According to Büyüköztürk(2015), variance ratio’s 30% and over is acceptable for one factor scales. Cronbach Alfa was used for calculating reliability of scale. The Cronbach Alfa of Filial Responsibility Scale is .94. Sense Of Responsıbılıty And Behavıor Scale devoleped by Özen(2008) was used for determining validity of scale. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Analyses was conducted on participant’s points which taken from the Sense Of Responsıbılıty And Behavıor Scale. The result of Spearman’s Rank Correlation Analyses, the validity coefficient between two scales is .25. Also, the reason of adapting this scale was examined and some suggestions were made at discussion section.

A RESEARCH ON BARTIN GRAVESTONE TEXTS

Anıl ÇELİK, — 2026-07-16

Death is a universal concept but it comprehended and perceived differently by different cultural environtments. This concept mentioned is not only handled by different nations or cultures but also by different disciplines of Philosophy and Science. The death, which humanity has tried to produce ideas about it from ancient times, to understand and express it in various ways, is actually a concept related to the individual, but it is also closely related to society. Determining the general judgements of a society about death gives us unique datas with regard to the relevant nation’s perspective about metaphysic, otherworldly life or obscurity. Gravestone texts can regarded as epilogues of the individuals who are the basic unite of a society. They are one of the most convenient cultural materials for acquiring aforementioned datas. Revealing the mindscapes of the all parts of a society can be possible especially with the small area fieldworks. In this work, we investigated the graveyards of Bartın and its districts and study with the gravestone texts which are written in verse particularly base on the aforesaid context. Furthermore, we tried to classify acquired texts with regard to their contents. In this way, we specified the cultural position of this texts and we examined how the people of Bartın reflect their ideas about the death concept to language.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON MONITORING OF SPORTS CHANNELS AND ROLE OF THE CHANNEL SELECTION

Alp Kaan KİLCİAlp Kaan KILCI,, Zekeriya GÖKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

It is called Social TV (Lim et al., 2015) to engage with other people watching a channel on a social media site via a second screen in real time during a live television broadcast (smartphone, tablet, laptop, etc.). The aim of this research is to determine the effect Social TV has on monitoring sports channels and their role in channel selection. The sample of the study consisted of 402 students (254 male, 148 female) who were educated in Balikesir University Physical Education and Sports College in three different departments (Physical Education and Sports Teacher Education Department, Sports Management Department, Coaching Education Department). A survey form developed by Lim et al. (2015) was used as a data collection tool in the research. Descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA were applied in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis of the data, cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the study was 0.79. It was determined that the students who participated in the study followed the most NTV Sports channel among the sports channels given in the demographic information section and 44% of the social media site used 44% of the Instagram. When the descriptive statistics of the questions given in the questionnaire were examined, the arithmetic average of the answers given by the students was 3,45. students; (p <0,05) were not significantly different from the age and education level of the students (p> 0,05), while there was a significant difference between the duration of daily activities and the frequency of watching sports channels and social TV. As a result of the research; it has been found out that the use of social media (social TV) while watching television affects positively the students’ sport channel watching and channel selection. Male students' attitudes towards sports channels and their interaction with social media were higher than those of female students. The increase in the number of students per day spent on social media sites; social TV is more effective on sports channel monitoring and channel selection behaviors.

ELITE LEVEL FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN THE SKILLS OF FOCUSED ATTENTION

Selçuk AKIN,, Murat ÖZMADEN — 2026-07-16

The study focused on the level of attention of elite female basketball aims to examine in terms of some demographic variables. The study depends on the 2015-2016 Turkey Basketball Federation and Basketball League 1 Women constitute about 570 athletes who compete in the league. Participated in the study and randomized (random) chosen Istanbul University method, Mersin Metropolitan Municipality sports, Ace of sports, Forest Youth and Sports, Gur Sports, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Osmaniye Youth Sports, Mersin University, Urla Municipality Sports, Ted 110 athletes from Ankara College team the sample constituted the study group. The validity and reliability of the research which is considered the gold standard for measuring the level of attention focused on pre-made and TUBITAK-approved "Stroop Test TBAG" is used. The resulting frequency analysis of the data, so analysis, the comparison of two independent groups Independent Sample T-test for comparison of two groups more than one way to determine the difference between Anova and groups Post-hoc Tukey test was used. Pearson's correlation test was performed to examine the relationship between variables. Women's basketball, and the number of card-reading time to make mistakes Board 1 has also been found to increase towards the board 5. However, year to year to sport and elite sport as a card-reading time it has been found to change significantly gelatinized according to variables (p> 0.05). Women positive significant relationship between the average of the errors made by the average total time spent on the cards in the card of basketball was found (r = 0.59, p <0.05).

KİMLİK FORMLARI: ORTA ASYA'NIN POST-SOVYET DİNAMİĞİ

Kaan DİYARBAKIRLIOĞLU, — 2026-07-16

Contemporary Central Asia attracts the close attention of many Great and Potential Great Powers. The role played by natural resources in this regard is quıte obvious. The modern development of Central Asia is largely concerned with the course and direction of various global processes. The states that have gained independence in the region have had to pursue a difficult path to keep abreast of new geopolitical conditions. However, some of the current internal and external problems of the Turkic states are directly related to the pre-Soviet and Soviet past. The future of the region is closely related to its acceptance or rejection of its historical cultural heritage. If the first choice is agreed to, it may be lead to a new development, a truly united and unique region at ease with itself. The second choice suggests that the five post-Soviet states will continue to go their own separate ways.

SAILOR TREATMENT IN OTTOMAN STATE

Mehmet TAŞ, — 2026-07-16

The sailors were one of the most important personnel of the vessels such as barge kite, galleon, burtun, firate, galley, kayak, şalopa and uskuna who sailed in the Ottoman navy. The precaution came from the fact that some of these vessels managed the sails used as the main driving force for some. These ships were the main source of power for galleons, roots, and frigates, while others were the primary source of power for the human power, the shovel. The main task of the sailors was to repair the sails when they were opened, collected and destroyed in bad weather conditions. The battle ships where the sail was actually used were galleons. From the 18th century onwards, the Ottomans needed a sailboat in proportion to the size and volume of the galleons, which increased in importance and constituted the real battle force of the ship. The siege of these sails belongs to Bezhane, which belongs to itself, and the Bosphorus, which is called Boğazhisarları, was met by the Çedakkale, Sedulbahir, Kilitbahir, Kumkale and Sultaniye accidents. The cloths delivered to Tersane-i Amire were stored here in the Mahzen-i Sürb. It was used every two years or whenever needed in the equipments of these ships. The task of the sailors was to begin the delivery of the sail cloths to the captains of the ships. Sailing was a profession that required expertise and skill. It was not possible for those without knowing the characteristics of the sail cloths, sailing crews, meteorology and maritime knowledge, who did not know how to open and close the sails. It is noteworthy that the names of sailors along with Kalyon and other ships, along with physicians, burgers, carpenters and captains, show the significance of the work he does. Key words: Sailor, Ottoman State, sail cloth, badbani, Tersane-i Amire.

A MODEL SUGGESTION REGARDING THE TAXATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES: "PAY AS MUCH THE ROAD YOU USE, PAY AS MUCH THE AIR YOU POLLUTE"

Kudret Şevket SAYIN, — 2026-07-16

The traffic problem and air pollution caused by the increasing use of motor vehicles in modern world affects the daily life in a negative way. Especially the unregulated domestic migration in our country caused the growth of population in western territories. In this case, because of the lack of infrastructure in large cities, the carbon emission caused by the economic loss and exhaust fumes brought along by the waste of time in traffic will reach dangerous levels. In developed countries, the taxes collected on motor vehicles are calculated according to the carbon emission in order to reduce the environmental damage. In our country, the regulation of the Motor Vehicles Tax Act is mainly a fortune tax. However, a new taxation model which is more fair and ecologist should be developed. This kind of model would also make it possible to control the taxes of taxpayers. There are various operations which are inspired by the taxation models of vehicles in western countries. In this study, the main aim is to suggest a model benefiting from motor vehicles and therefore making it possible to tax according to the amount of the produced carbon emission. By this model, both a more fair taxation and creating a consumer attitude which would reduce the environmental and traffic pollution is aimed.