SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2017 Issue 11

INVESTIGATION ON THE ARISTOCRATIC TENDENCIES OF THE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CIRCLES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: CLASSICAL PERIOD OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE CASE

Onur DÜNDAR, — 2024-08-29

In this study, the validity of the thesis that societies with ascetic (wordly ascetic) religious beliefs allow the Western-type capitalist capital accumulation while societies with the mystical religious beliefs do not allow Western-type capitalist capital accumulation which is overemphasized by Max Weber in his famous book called The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism is going to be questioned by the help of the example of the Ottoman Empire. This questioning will be based on the struggle between the great Ghazi families (such as Mihailogulları, Enveresoğulları, Malkoçogulları) and the Ottoman Central Authority especially at classical period of the Ottoman Empire.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICAL SEGMENT IN THE ACADEMIC COURSES: AN APPLICATION IN GAZIANTEP AND ÇUKUROVA UNIVERSITY

Murat KARAHAN, — 2024-08-29

Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the ethical decision-making process. Judgments, standards and rules, which are the dimensions of ethics and morality, are all structurally explored. Ethical values are vital to culture because they form the basis of beliefs that show what is true and what is wrong. Accounting professional ethics is a set of rules that are laid out for a particular profession group and which the practitioners of that profession must or must implement. In other words, accounting profession ethics consists of rules that must be obeyed when members of the profession are required to submit information to relevant persons and institutions, both in terms of fulfilling professional activities and acting in accordance with the law in times when there are no professional activities, taking into account the value judgments of the society. The aim of the study is to measure the perception of accounting profession ethics of students who take the accounting course and to examine the difference between ethics perceptions of those who did not take ethics courses. The data used in the research were obtained from students who have taken accounting courses at Gaziantep University and Çukurova University central campus. As a result of the analysis in the study, a significant difference was found between the occupational ethics perception and the school type in which sex and education were observed and H2 and H6 hypotheses were accepted. Other hypotheses have been rejected.

EXAMINATION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS’ QUESTIONING SKILL: SIVAS EXAMPLE

Ahmet Hakan HANÇER,, Zeynep TÜFEKÇİ — 2024-08-29

Questioning is a sign that information we have is not accepted without asking ourselves why, how and for what questions about the learned information. In this sense, it means information is not accepted without thinking, researching and interpreting. Competency of Science teachers is a priority for improving questioning skills of students. Therefore, it was important to study for determining question skill levels of teacher candidates who will be the Science Teachers of the future. Accordingly, the study focused on examining questioning skill levels of Science teacher candidates by taking into consideration sub dimensions of questioning skills, gender and levels of their classes. Relational data model was used in the study and 128 teacher candidates, who studied at Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Education Department of Science Teaching in the academic year of 2015 – 2016, participated to the study. “Personal Information Form” and “Questioning Skills Scale” were used as data collection tools. The collected data was analyzed with t test and ANOVA. According to the analysis, it was confirmed that Questioning skills score of science teacher candidates was above the average and scores achieved in Knowledge Acquisition, Self-confidence and Information Control related to sub dimensions were above the average. It was concluded that there is no significant difference based on genders and class levels of the teacher candidates.

XX. EDUCATION-ACTIVITIES IN SİNOP ON AN ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY FROM THE CENTURY (1900-1923)

İsmail EFE, — 2024-08-29

Sinop, which was the first Turkish Medrese of Anatolia and was founded in 1262 by Aladeddin Medrese, has been a center of science and culture for many centuries thanks to this educational institution. Seljuk State, Pervaneoğulları, Candaroğulları principalities and important scholars in Ottoman rule were protected in Sinop. Entering the Ottoman administration in 1461, Sinop began to suffer a great decline in education since the raid of the Russian Navy in 1853. The years of World War I, especially in Sinop, have been the years of educational activities. After the opening of the Grand National Assembly in Ankara on April 23, 1920, educational activities, which have been completely halted in Sinop as in other provinces of Anatolia, have been restructured. In the first stage, with the primary education, new regulations were made especially concerning the secondary education institutions. While the struggle for independence was given from one side in the country, the struggle continued in the field of education from the other side. By 1922, although it had been decided to open 12 primary schools in the Sinop center, only 10 schools could be trained. The same year, the medresses were closed again in Sinop, Boyabat, Ayancık, Gerze districts and Stable Nahiyesi. After the declaration of the Republic, Atatürk under the leadership of the Turkish civilization in order to reach the level of contemporary civilization education and training in all areas ranging from primary school to higher education has gone through radical solutions. He has received his deductions from these studies in the field of education as much as he had expected in Sinop.

THE RELATION BETWEEN NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: OECD COUNTRIES

Tuncer GÖVDELİ,, Tuba BAŞKONUŞ DİREKÇİ — 2024-08-29

In this study the relation between natural gas consumption and economic growth was analyzed for 20 OECD countries in such a way that covers the years between 1982 and 2012. First of all, cross sectional dependency between the countries was examined. By the findings obtained, as a result of cross sectional dependency unit root test and cointegration tests are required to be second generation tests. Therefore, second generation unit root test (Pesaran CADF (2007)) and cointegration test (Westerlund Durbin-H (2008)) were used. In the results revealed a cointegration relation between natural gas consumption and economic growth was found. And in the last stage of the study the estimation of the long term cointegration coefficients was predicted by the help of Common Correlated Effect (CCE). In the results acquired natural gas consumption affects economic growth positively.

AN EMPİRİCAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TO ORGANİZATİONAL CİTİZENSHİP BEHAVİOR

Mustafa TECİMEN,, Aslı ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

Organizational attitudes, beliefs, values, behaviors, perceptions and habits are called organizational culture. Organizational culture plays an important role in directing the attitudes and behaviors of employees’ towards organization. Organizational citizenship behavior refers to employees’ extra-role behaviors which are voluntary and extend beyond their formal job descriptions. In order to exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors such as participation, loyalty, benevolence, obedience, self-improvement, teamwork, development of sense of responsibility, positive attitude development Organizational culture should be able to exhibit these behaviors. The Basic aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between the organizational citizenship behaviors exhibited by employees and the organizational culture formed in enterprises. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to a total of 403 employees working in four and five star accommodation enterprises. As a result of the research, it has been found out that organizational culture influences on organizational citizenship behaviors and this contributes positively to organizational productivity.

THE EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 4 MONTH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN

Necati CERRAHOĞLU,; Bilgetekin Burak GÜNAR , Hasan ABANOZ — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of the 4 month physical activity program on the physical and social development of children with autism in Çanakkale. The study method was carried out in the form of pre-test and post-test in accordance with the actual experimental design. In addition, observation method was used in descriptive situation analysis. 12 autistic children whose 8 male (67%) and 4 female (33%) participated in the study. The average age of participants is 12,38±1,69 years. Participants were exercises for 2 days a week and 1 hour a day for 4 months to improve strength, flexibility, coordination motor skills. Each participant performed exercises under the supervision of an instructor. The Brockport Physical Fitness Test was application to measure participants' strength, flexibility, coordination motor skills before and after 4 months of study. Changes in participants' social skills were analyzed descriptively by means of observation. In the analysis of the data, SPSS package program was used. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was performed to compare pre-test and post-test results. As a result of comparing pre-test and post-test data applied to participants, statistically significant differences were observed between participants' claw strength and flexibility skills (p<0,05 Although there is a positive effect on the twisted arms, twisted arms, modified shuttle, shoulder flexibility and trunk lifting parameters, this effect is not seen as a statistically significant difference. (p>0,05). It has also been observed that there is a positive change in participants' social skills thanks to physical activity. In conclusion, 4 month physical activity program applied to autistic children has been seen to contribute to physical and social skills of autistic children. By way of this data, attention is drawn to the importance of regular physical activity so that the physical fitness levels of autistic children can be improved and socialized.

A RESEARCH ABOUT REASONS OF DEPRESSION AMONG SOCIAL WORKERS

Necati Buğra KUDDAŞ,, Veli DUYAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this thesis is to research structural and professional reasons of depression among social workers. The survey is conducted between November 2015 and February 2016. The survey consists of a question form and Beck’s Depression Inventory. It was applied on 174 social workers who are in the e-mail list of SHUDER (Turkish Social Workers Professional Association). Data from the survey have been entered to SPSS and analyzed. T-test for independent variables and frequency tables have been used for data analyzing. According to findings, there are significant relations between Beck’s Depression Inventory points and the relationship of social workers with their clients. The depression ratio has been more highly related to professional conditions than sociodemographic variables. As a result, it’s thought that social workers should be taken psychological support.

DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS ATTITUDE SCALE

Yasemin ABALI ÖZTÜRK,, Çavuş ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable “Mathematics Attitude Scale”. The study is a descriptive survey. The data collection tools to develop the scale was employed over 269 students from fifth grade classes. The efforts made to create items pool for the scale resulted in draft form of Material Mathematics Attitude Scale of 28 items in the form of 5-point Likert scale. In the present study intended for the creation of scale, SPSS was deployed for exploratory factor analyses and reliability analyses and Lisrel 8.51 for confirmatory factor analyses. For the entire Mathematics Attitude Scale, the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to be .92. Relying on the performed analyses, the 5-point Likert-style Mathematics Attitude Scale of 24 items with three domains (cognitive, affective, behavioral) was developed.

NEW PURSUITS IN ART FROM PARIS TO NEW YORK FROM MARXISM TO LIBERALISM: ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Yusuf Emre IŞIK, — 2024-08-29

The movements of social change that started with the industrial revolution in the last years of the 19th century influenced the spiritual worlds of artists in parallel. Reflecting on canvas as art forms of individual inner worlds, artists have referred to the search for new concepts. Artists perceived the vital effects of the individual world and turned to new forms and forms. In this environment it has started as a demonstration of the basic dynamics of social, economic and social change. After the middle of the 20th century, the art scene that started in America was accepted as the art forms of life as the center of life, and it reinforced the claim that life itself is an art. Every step taken by the artists was encouraged by this self-confident step in this way and they were watched with interest. Sociology has become the subject of every stage of life in the name of ideology, economist, psychology art. The American avant-garde, whose visual artistic perceptions were shocking and radically changed in this period, came out as a difference not only in chronological order but also in unprecedented aesthetics and style. The ideological-practical reflections of this movement help us to understand this art concept. Unlike the period before the First World War, this process is seen as an evolutionary process rather than a revolutionary process. The destruction created by the effects of the Second World War in the spirit of artists, the reality of living conditions, and the years after the war, dragged them into new quests. The art made with the understanding required by the reality and conditions of this period had to be different from the previous ones.

A COMMENTATE OF THE OTTOMAN STATE’S ECONOMY POLICIES IN THE 19th CENTURY

Sedat KANAT, — 2024-08-29

In the West world of the 19th century arrived to far beyond from the changes and inventions which up to that time. The researchs on mankind and nature and their consequences started to systematized and so, obtained be arranged informations/discoveries brought technic advance, also. Besides, Europe directed in the mentioned century its success towards the field of colonialism which especially in the shipping, since starting Renaissance period. It arrived the remarkable richness, so. Modern West be started what a advance period which unseen like in the history, when this richness combined with intellectual accumulation, in the 19th century. It not possible to realize that a similar breakthrough from Ottoman Empire because of many problems which inside and outside of country. One of the most important these troubles was on the economy. The basic cause of the this economic weak of state went out most precious revenues of the country and external loans can’t repayed which had taked since 1856 Crimea War, especially, and so, General Depts Organization was the establishment.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSFER OF THE “SUN” CONCEPT THROUGH TRANSLATION IN “THE STRANGER” BY ALBERT CAMUS

Esra ÇİMEN KARAYÜREK,, Nasibe ERKALAN ÇAKIR — 2024-08-29

The concept of Sun is differently perceived in each geographical region. For example, while there are many metaphors or idioms related to Sun in warm countries, cold countries may not have counterparts of these linguistic items. It is just like there are many language elements regarding snow in cold countries, while they are not common in equatorial countries. The “sun” concept is distinctive in the works of Albert Camus, who is one of the pioneers of the Existentialism. The concept that Camus associates with different meanings and symbols has also been a subject of study in the fields of psychology and literature. “The Stranger” is one of the works of Camus in which he uses the concept of sun as an element affecting the psychological state of the characters and the march of events. The plot takes place in Algeria, a warm African country. This study, aiming to analyze the translations of a literary work in accordance with a translation theory, focuses on the translations of the sun concept in “The Stranger”. Three different Turkish translations of the “The Stranger”, awarded with Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957, are analyzed in the light of descriptive translation theory of Gideon Toury by selecting the phrase and sentences containing the concept of sun. The translations are carried out by different translators in different times. In the analysis section, the direct translations from French are utilized rather than translations from an intermediate language. The first translation to be analyzed is carried out by Reşat Nuri Güntekin in 1953, published by Varlık Yayınları. The other translators are Vedat Günyol and Samih Tiryakioğlu. The study analyzes the translation of Vedat Günyol published by Can Yayınları in 1981 and of Samih Tiryakioğlu published by Varlık Yayınları in 1994.

SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES: INVESTIGATION OF MANAGER APPROACHES

Halil İbrahim YAZGAN,, M. Selami YILDIZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research is to explore the approaches of business managers about supply chain strategies. For this purpose, research population has been determined the first thousand exporter firms determined by the Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM). It was aimed to get data from all the firms, but 268 businesses responded to the survey. Data were collected by interviews with middle and senior managers with questionnaire technique. In this quantitative study, data was analyzed by SPSS package program. Supply chain strategies are dealt with in three different approaches. These are lean, agile and hybrid supply chain strategies. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the first thousand exporters adopt the highest average lean and then agile and then the hybrid supply chain strategy. In addition, the agile supply chain strategy, at the higher level the textile sector then the metal sector, while the hybrid supply chain strategy has been observed in macro enterprises at a higher level than medium and large enterprises.

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND ACTIVE AGEING

Burcu ÖZDEMİR OCAKLI, — 2024-08-29

Active ageing is a multi-dimensional concept which has received a lot of attention within the last decade due to recent demographic ageing trends and increased share of older people within the whole population. Political participation falls under one of these dimensions as a contributing factor to active ageing process. Given the change in demographic structure, political engagement of older people is very likely to be on the rise all around the world, especially in the fast ageing countries. However, research gives insufficient attention to the nature and importance of political participation for older people and their positive contribution to active ageing process. To address this gap, this paper aims to point out the link between political participation and active ageing process. Regardless of the nature and content of political participation, this paper argues that, political engagement of older people contributes to the active ageing process through social inclusion, empowerment, and strengthening intergenerational ties.

A LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SEPTIC DISCUSSION MODES IN TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXISTENCE, LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT IN THE CONTEXT OF SEXTUS EMPIRICUS’S OUTLINES OF PYRRHONISM

Yunus Emre AKBAY,, Muhammet Caner ILGAROĞLU — 2024-08-29

The aim of this article is to analyse logically the modes of thinking, the basis of all Sceptical critics, in terms of existence, language and thought according to Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Pyrrhonism. In the first part, the types, features and purpose of Sceptic thinking are summarized. In the second part, the modes of thinking are investigated as articled and put forward in a table. In the last part, the relations amongst modes of thinking and existence, language and thought are examined to understand and determine what type of relations Sceptics establish between the aforementioned aspects in the suspension of judgement. This study is based on text analyse method. As a general result of the paper, it is possible to say that Sceptics use the modes of thinking to suspend the judgement about the possibility or impossibility of true knowledge and by doing so they developed a different way of criticism than classical logic tradition, but they are not able to escape from serious criticisms.

TERMINOLOGY AND TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF TURKEY IN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP PROCESS

İlhami SIĞIRCI, — 2024-08-29

The need for translators and interpreters has increased since 1980’s in Turkey as regard to the international expansion. It’s a fact that in similar candidate countries that pursue the membership negotiations, there is an increased need for translators and interpreters. There have still been problems on education of translators and instructors even though departments of translation and interpretation are being established in Turkey. There are few institutions that provide translation and terminology education. Most of the institutions provide general translation education and most of them have only undergraduate programs. The number of institutions that offer postgraduate programs is not sufficient. Comparing with the European institutions, it is obvious that in these institutions, there is no chance to study varied languages. One of the prerequisites for Turkey’s membership and its being official language of European Union was to translate approximately 120.000 pages of EU acquis communautaire concerning different areas since 2005, after the beginning of European Union membership process. The EU acquis is supposed to be translated one or two years before the membership. The accuracy of the translation and especially the terminology commonness is really significant regarding the translation process. Therefore, specialized translators and interpreters, terminologists, and interdisciplinary researches were required. This study aims to examine both the problems of translation and terminology concerning translating EU acquis and the qualifications of departments of translation and interpretation in terms of translation and terminology education. The studies conducted in Turkey and the problems will be analysed comparatively and solutions to the problems will be suggested.

STRESS FOR DOCTORS AND NURSES AND WAYS FOR COPING WITH STRESS: EXAMPLE OF DENIZLI PROVINCE

Cumali KILIÇ,, Gaye ATİLLA — 2024-08-29

In this research; organizational stress factors, coping with organizational stress factors and the relation between this two condition for doctors and nurses which are working in Denizli city has been tried to explain. This research is seperated into three parts. In the first part; literature scanning about stress concept and principles of this concept. The second part; literature scanning about stress management concept and principles of this concept. The last part is about the purpose of this research; data collection methods, hypotheses of the research, outcomes and analysis about personal and organizational stress. In this research, a survey has been applied to the research sample and while analyzing the outcomes of this survey a work stress scale -created by Balcı (1993) and modified by Karagül (2011)- used. As a last resort of this research; stress factors for staff is depends on their job type, their age, if they choose their job willingly. It doesn't depends on their sex, their marital status, working shift which they work in it, seniority about the job and hospital's status -about hospial's institution, corporation type of hospital-. Ways of coping with negative stress factors depends on hospital's status -about hospial's institution, corporation type of hospital- but it doesn't depends on their job type, their age, if they choose their job willingly, their sex, their marital status, working shift which they work in it, seniority about the job.

YABANCI DİL DERSLERİNDE GENÇ ÖĞRENELERİN MOTİVASYONUNU ARTTIRMAK İÇİN ÖĞRENME MATERYALİ OLARAK OYUNCAKLAR KULLANMA

Manolya AKYÜZ, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this particular case study is to find out whether using Automata (mechanical moving toys) improve the motivation of students and create an enjoyable atmosphere in English lessons. In the Curriculum of Ministry of Education in Turkey for fifth Graders, methods, techniques and functions are written. However, they are not witten in an explanatory way; moreover, they do not meet the needs and expectations of students and teachers properly. So teachers need to apply different kinds of activities in order to make lessons more alive and increase the students’ motivation, interest and enthusiasm. This process-oriented case study was implemented to 12 fifth grade students during the second term at Yağızlı Secondary School in Ordu, Turkey. In the process of language learning and teaching, automata were used as a learning material in order to improve the motivation of students in English lessons. While studying the units and topics in the course book in accordance with the curriculum, firstly students created stories related to topics, secondly they dramatized them and thirdly they showed and illuminated one part of the dramas by making automata. The data was obtained from Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, Student Interviews, Classroom Observation and Student Diaries. The results have showed that automata as a learning material improved the motivation of fifth grade students in learning English.

THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF WALKABLE PLACES: SAMPLE OF TRABZON COASTAL LINE

Doruk Görkem ÖZKAN, — 2024-08-29

In urban open spaces, locations such as roads, streets, squares, parks and coastal areas are important open spaces forming human-environment interaction. Especially coastal recreation areas from these positions are very important in terms of providing a place for movement and social interaction. With this dimension, coastal recreation areas allow people to experience walking as the most basic means of interaction for centuries. Walkable spaces should offer environmental attributes that can also respond to one's social and emotional needs, as well as providing good walking opportunities in the sense of physical activity. In the literature, what is the most successful environmental attributes that affect walkability, especially the large-scale pedestrian areas. This study aimed to reveal what the environmental attributes that make functional attachment (place dependence) in the users of the smaller scale walking axis. In this context, a survey was conducted between May and September of 2017 with 115 participants in the Trabzon coastal zone. As a result, the environmental factors affecting the functional attachment of the users in terms of walking behavior were revealed as the result of the regression analysis. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that environmental factors that increase the functional attachment of the users in the coastal shoreline are comfort, safety, accessibility and sociability factors.

CONTINUOUS OCCURRENCE, FREEDOM AND CREATION IN BERGSON’S ONTOLOGY: “EVOLUTION” AND ONTOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE OF EVOLUTION: “ÉLAN VITAL"

Hüseyin AYDOĞDU, — 2024-08-29

In this study, we have aimed to examine the evolution which is an ontological process of Bergson's philosophy, and élan vital, the driving force of evolution. The question of what occurrence, nature, and life are and how it happened has occupied the mind of the man since the first day. Since the Antiquity, a lot of research has been done on this question. Some philosophers like Bergson saw life as an evolutionary process. Bergson's occurrence does not address life in a deterministic way in the causality relation. In his philosophy, occurrence and life are not predictions, either. Everything, including the universe, is in a state of constant change, development and occurrence and freedom. There is not deterministic evolution but creative evolution in the singular universe. Development has a creative character and can not be explained with natural reasons. The essential feature of creative evolution is that it constantly creates new forms. Creation is the change of quality. But evolution does not follow a straight path as Lamarck and Darwin claim, nor does it follow a pre-existing plan. Evolution follows a complex path. Evolution sometimes occurs as a forward movement, sometimes as a deviation, sometimes as a pause, and sometimes as a regression. That is why it is incomprehensible based on the idea of evolution, logic or progress. The ontological principle governing evolution is élan vital. The creative evolution carries its own memory in it. In creative evolution, change and creation are understood not by time but by duration. The Creative breakthroughs that occur with the driving force of élan vital take place over time. Thus, Bergson opposes the notion of static being, arguing that there is a continuing occurrence, freedom and creation in the universe. The universe is a dynamic and vital being, not a mechanical entity.

THE EXTENSION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IT’S EFFECT OF THE WELFARE STATE TYPOLOGY

Erhan GÜLCAN, — 2024-08-29

This study has three purposes. The first one is the introduction of relationship between welfare state and citizenship. Citizens of European Union (EU) countries are assessed to gain citizenship rights. It is emphasized that citizensip rights are based on civil, political and social rights and there are no rights of citizenship without these three rights. Second is the introduction of EU pre-enlargement welfare state models. For this reason, Mediterranean welfare state is added to welfare state models in this study. The features of these four welfare models are explained in this study. In addition, the differences between these models in welfare state are revealed. The third is that welfare state in transition is added to EU welfare state models through the beginning of eastwards enlargement of the EU in 2004 and the gaining membership status of Center and East European (CEE) countries. The features that distinguish the welfare state model in transition from other (four) models are revealed.

A SEMANTIC APPROACH ABOUT GENEALOGY IBRAHIM IN THE FIRST THREE VERSES OF ISRA

Mustafa KIRKIZ, — 2024-08-29

Holy Koran, religious people as a divine book and provides the necessary information about the world. historical events to show them the right way is offered as a real example. Although not directly given as examples of historical events is a very important question and the existence of the mysterious message. In this context, while the Isra verse 2-3 Hz. Noah, who carried on board and is known as a shared knowledge about Israel. We knew the Prophet technical knowledge to understand the semantics of the verses starting from this event. Prophet Abraham. Noah is not a descendant; but it may occur with him from embarking on that day Muslims. Therefore, there may be some new information in the Qur'an could be obtained with some technical knowledge. On this basis the Koran, it is possible to say that science can renew itself with the emergence of new techniques with the passage of centuries.

PUBLIC RELATIONS SOCIETY AND SECURITY SERVICES, SOCIAL ASSISTED POLICY SAMPLE

Ahmet Kenan SAYIN,, Vedat YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

In the present day, when public relations activities are increasingly important in every field, the issue of how society is affected by public relations activities and how it has changed has become an important subject to be examined. Public Relations activities can lead to a new gathering by giving new forms to societies. Moving from the information society, we can say that we are heading towards a society where we can say "Public Relations Society" with the fact that communication affects the world very quickly today. Especially in recent years, especially in the past years, communities' communication, change and their weight in the world order have begun to become directly related to the activities of people's relations. Security services are also developing and changing in new societies in the world and our country. It seems that the current security services are becoming compatible with the "Public Relations Society". Today, with the changing society structure, being a trustworthy and acclaimed institution in the existing society and even in the world has begun to become a priority in all security units and there are many examples of this in our country. Within the context of public relations and security services, Community Support Police units operating within the Turkish Police Organization (Police General Directorate) are confronted as a good example. In this study, public relations will be examined through the example of Community Based Policing activities in our country by considering security services towards the society.

THE BLUE ECONOMY APPROACH: AN ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF COASTAL AND MARINE TOURISM

Suna MUĞAN ERTUĞRAL,; Suna MUGAN ERTUĞRAL , Nur KULAKOĞLU DİLEK — 2024-08-29

Tourism is an important sector for each country due to its economic and socio-cultural benefits. However, it is known that tourism has caused some non-ignorable environmental problems (air, water, noise and visual pollution, climate change, bioturbation etc.) as well as economic and socio-cultural benefits. Since the economic system based on more resources and investments is useless anymore, it has begun to seek a new paradigm towards an answer to the question how can efficiently be benefited from existing sources and changed the system. In this regard, one of the paradigms is “blue economy” revealed by Gunter Pauli in 2010. According to his paradigm, more profits and social capital can be created with less investment. In other words, the paradigm of blue economy is based on an economic model aiming to draw on economy of scope instead of scale, to meet sustainably the needs of the world with current resources. In brief, blue economy looks for an answer relating to how monetising more than one with current resources and meeting the basic needs. Sustainability which has been put forward in order to prohibit the eco-destruction for the sake of consumption and to take measures is also an approach that aims to reduce negative impacts of tourism on nature. In this context, main purpose of the study is to scrutinise importance of ecotourism in Turkey via relationship blue economy paradigm and sustainability. In addition to that, how it should be realized economic, environmental and social capital was also revealed in the study within the context of sustainability.

AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR TURKISH SPORTS HIGH SCHOOLS: GERMAN ELITE SPORT SCHOOLS

Halil Evren ŞENTÜRK,, Hüseyin ÇAMLIYER — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to analyse current situation of Turkish Sport High Schools and fictionalize new sport high schools models based upon German Elite Sports Schools. The study is a comparative physical education and sport study which used document analyses technique is a kind of qualitative research methods. The obtained qualitative data from document analyses were used for quantitative data will be stronger. First of all in this study, the situation of Turkish Sport High Schools analysed, after that, Turkish Sport High Schools was compared to German Elite Sports Schools. Germany, which is the kind of most successful countries in Olympics, is more competent about academic sports education and there are so many trainers and teachers in there. In the last section of this study, the new models are suggested for Turkish Sport High Schools by authors.

IN THE AFRICAN CONTINENT OF FRANCE COLONIAL POLITICS AND ALGERIA

Abdullah SAYIN, — 2024-08-29

France in the African continent became dominant the territories called North and West Africa and Ecuadorian Africa and its dominance over these regions tried to preserve and maintain through a series of activities that could be described as both military and Frenchization of the region. İn this frame, in Algeria, which occupied by France in 1830, with all of these policies were engaged and affected at first degree. The most important feature of Algeria inside the French colonies is that Algeria regarded as the overseas land “connected to the mother country" of France. İn the framework of these policies, France aimed to progressively Frenchize the public by giving priority to colonialist activities which with the aim of being able to direct both the people of the region and the administration as desired and tried to adopt and spread French culture and language through education.

FACTORS AFFECTING BANKING PREFERENCE OF TURKISH CUSTOMERS: STUDY OF GAZİANTEP

Erkan ALSU,, Ahmet TAŞDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Originated in Turkey back in 1980s and operating according to the basic principles of Islamic religion as their most prominent feature, Participation Banks have not been able to make the expected progress in the past thirty years and could not achieve the share they deserve in the Turkish market. The fact that their share is still around 5% after approximately 30 years in a country like Turkey where 99,2% of the population is constituted of Muslims, supports that statement. For this reason, the question “why Participation banks are preferred less by the Turkish people when compared to conventional banks” makes this study necessary. During the study conducted in this context in Gaziantep, Turkey, a survey was conducted with 332 customers including 155 customers receiving products and services of Participation banks and 177 customers receiving products and services of conventional banks. With the help of this survey, the relationship between bank preferences of individuals and Service Quality of the Bank, Bank image, Social Environment and Religious beliefs has been investigated by employing Logistic Regression Analysis. The findings obtain as a result of the study has set forth the following factors among these four are affective in the preference of Participation Banks: Service Quality of the Bank, Social Environment and Religious beliefs.

THE UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW (UPR): IS IT AN OVERRATED PROCESS?

İlyas Fırat CENGİZ, — 2024-08-29

Abstract The Commission on Human Rights was replaced with the Human Rights Council due to being the centre of politicization, double standards and selective among states. These are the problems which bring political disagreements into the forefront within the UN Human Rights mechanism rather than its actual duty which is to promote and to protect human rights in national and international levels. Thus the Human Rights Council with the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) has emerged with the notions such as accountability, transparency, non-selectivity, inclusiveness, de-politicisation, impartiality, periodicity and complementary, to prevent these accusations. Specifically the UPR is now in its third cycle (2008 to 2011, 2012 to 2016, 2017 to 2021) to review member states' human rights records. In this paper, after such time, it is justifiably asked as to whether the UPR is an overrated process or not within the Human Rights Council in terms of overcoming the problems that the Commission faced.

UNCHANGING THEME IN ARABIC LITERATURE FROM KLASIK TO MODERN: MORTAL LIFE

Adnan ARSLAN, — 2024-08-29

The Qur'anic verses and Hadiths, which repeatedly emphasize that the world is a mortal and a temporary and the human being is a guest in that, has been affected in the writing of verse and dense works with the theme of "mortal world" in Arabic literature. In the classical Arabic poetry, the "mortal world" and "ascetizm" are ones of the controversial subjects from the Abbasids period, also took place in modern Arabic literature. In classical Arabic poetry, it has seen that poets who speak poetry on ascetizm were aiming at the people who think superficially about the "rhetoric" they primarily act on "quidance" rather than making literature. In modern Arabic poetry, though a kind of "mortality and ascetizm" was studied by the effect of romantism, some differences appeared in terms of purpose and treatment. This article will compare the poetry of Ebu'l-Atahiye and Ebu'l-Kasım al-Shabbi, which are important poets who emphasize on "mortal world" and "ascetizm" in the classical and modern period, by examining similarities and differencies in their poems.

ASSET TAX AND PRACTICE IN GİRESUN

Muzaffer BAŞKAYA, — 2024-08-29

The Turkish economy was adversely affected by the extraordinary conditions of the Second World War. Although Turkey did not actually participate in the war, these were the most important problems of this period; firstly the economy was based on agriculture and the negativities occurred at the point of marketing of agricultural products; and also based on the war economy the male population were taken to the military and as a result of that production decreased. While the Turkish and Muslim people were struggling with these difficulties, a group that increased its financial gains by benefiting from the extraordinary conditions of the war period, excessive prices and inflation, emerged. At the same time, the Turkish government took into account the cash shortage in the market and issued the "Asset Tax Law" for citizens who were above a certain income level. Many of the studies carried out today show that the Asset Tax was only collected from non-Muslim citizens. However, as demonstrated by the practice in Giresun, the Turkish and Muslim segments living in Anatolia were obliged to pay this tax. In this study, first of all, what was the Asset Tax and why was it issued, were emphasized, and then after information was given about the general situation of the Giresun economy during the war years, and then it was revealed that how and who was accrued that tax in the city.

TOWARDS QUALIFIED WORKFORCE IN TOURISM SECTOR: RETENTION OF TOURISM DEGREES IN THE SECTOR

Duran CANKÜL,; Ali ERBAŞ , Rahman TEMİZKAN — 2024-08-29

This study aims to determine which regulations should be made in the matter of employment of graduates and qualified work force in tourism sector. This study offers legislative regulations to the political will which has authorization over tourism sector. These regulations are common mind which presented by tourism academicians, tourism professionals and tourism students. This study which contains this common mind has crucial importance on the fruition of government’s tourism education investments. Population of the study consists of all the tourism academicians, professionals and students in Turkey. The data obtained in the research were collected via the questionnaire form. Results indicate that tourism academicians, professionals and students strongly support the legislative regulations which concern introducing tourism jobs legislations, employment of tourism diplomaed staff on teacher, officer, bureaucrat level at government institutions related to tourism, constituting destination management organizations based on tourism jobs, overhauling tourism education in accordance with the needs of tourism sector.

AN EXAMINATION ON THE CONCEPTUAL FIELD OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AZERBAIJAN PROVERBS

Aysun KANMAZ, — 2024-08-29

The proverbs are short and wise sayings which are commonly accepted in the collective memories of the nations. They are also sources to figure out the daily lives, believes, traditions and customs, ways of thinking of the communities having those proverbs. The language that is the most important tool of the communication and the importance of the communication appears on the proverbs. The positive and negative effects of the language on the communication are also indicated in the proverbs and the experiences on the manner of the language use for a strong communication were said. It is important to use the language correctly during the communication to be rightfully understood by the other party. Since, the human being defines the self by words. In case the words are said softly or angrily/heart-breaking way, or direct words or implications may result with different outcomes among people. Thus, our ancestors included thoughts defining the language and the word as an effective means of communication in the proverbs. The Turkish proverbs indicating the importance of the language and the words in terms of the communication in Azerbaijan dialect will be considered with reference to the conceptual fields where they belong to, together with their retributions in Turkey dialect. Thus, it will be tried to be given examples on similar approaches and experiences in terms of common culture, language and communication of Turkish communities.

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING APPLICATIONS IN HOTELS: AN APPLICATION ON COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS

Halil AKMEŞEHalil AKMEŞE,, Serpil KAYA — 2024-08-29

Cost-volume-profit analysis is an important tool in management accounting. This analysis, which is used to determine estimated results, examines the effects of an operator’s profitability on the relationships between sales prices, costs and sales volume. In order to manage cost-volume-profit analysis of an enterprise the costs need to be determined and known. This analysis also provides a variety of facilitations for the establishment of profitable hotels. Hotel managers can calculate the income and expenses to be equalized and accumulated at the same level with the help of cost-volume-profit analysis. Therefore, cost-volume-profit analysis provides a projection of the future, removes uncertainties, and ensures that the results are accurately attained and assessed. In order to examine the applicability of the cost-volume-profit analysis in accommodation businesses which are of great impotence and constitute the majority of services business this study is conducted and application results are revealed.