SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDIES JOURNAL (SSSJournal), Year 2017 Issue 8

AN EVALUATION ON ORIGIN AND IONICOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS OF FYLFOT (SWASTIKA) AND WHEEL OF FORTUNE MOTIFS IN TURKISH-ISLAMIC DECORATİVE ART

Yusuf ÇETİN, — 2024-08-29

Analyzing sources of motifs that used in the Turkish-Islamic decorative arts, they appear to be quite similar to motifs existing in various and wide range of geographies. However, when they are analyzed regarding iconographical dimension, it can be seen that Turks developed a new interpretation and different meanings of these motifs after accepting Islamic religion. They used the motifs with a new understanding. In Turkish-Islamic decoration repertory, flyfot (swastika) and wheel of fortune motifs which have a wide range of usage and rich iconographic meanings are the most common motifs in this context. Swastika and wheel of fortune motifs, two of the earliest known symbols of mankind and dating back to the Paleolithic period, used in various and rich meanings such as "goodness", "correctness", "representing protective power" by societies in different geographies. Many studies have been implemented related source, reflections and the iconographic meanings of swastika and wheel of fortune motifs which are considered to have a common root. Yet, it has not been found any detailed study regarding iconographic meanings of these motifs in Turkish-Islamic art context. These motifs, which are partly mentioned in some publications, are indicated among the most common used motifs of Turkish-Islamic decoration art. The motifs with religious, political and cosmological meanings had a significant place in Turkish culture before Islam. They maintained to exist with a new interpretation and an altered perspective after Islamic period. Source, usage in Turkish-Islamic decorative art and iconographic meanings of swastika and wheel of fortune motifs have been examined in details in this research article. The motifs have been analyzed by using various motif samples. Post-Islamic Turkish art period comprises historical framework of the article.

THE REFLECTİON DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON LOCAL NEWSPAPERS

Mehmet Sena KÖSEDAĞ, — 2024-08-29

The rapidly growing technology changes the social life in many aspects. Communication sector is the leading area that technological developments affect more. This development based on computer and internet rebuilds the media whether directly or not. Today there exist communication networks in which the information is coded numerically so spreads to the worldwide at the same time. By means of these networks removing the distinctions within radio, television and printed publication; video images, radio broadcasts and printed publications can be distributed electronically faster than ever with low costs to the wider populations. This case brings about fundamental changes on media-consumer relationship, news & commentary understanding, news and information presentation and quality and quantity of the market. This structure called as “New Media” threatens the traditional mass media tool -newspapers more. The newspapers prefer to have internet journalism as well printed versions in order to lessen this thread. This study focuses on the historical developments of the local newspapers in Turkey as well as how they have been affected from the changes in communication world. Also the local newspapers’ internet and social media usage sensitivity – which enables the local newspapers low costs and announcing to wider audiences – is evaluated and how this sensitivity affected the circulations, are questioned. This study finds out that the reflection of the technology based changes in the media sector on Turkish printed local media is delayed, slow and limited with the methods of Literature Review. The local newspapers in Turkey do not keep up with technological developments and they use the internet journalism by the encourages and forces of the public authorities; then these newspapers experience low incomes and loss of circulation as well are the outcomes of the study.

TEMPLATE PRINTING APPLICATIONS IN TEXTILE SURFACES WITH MARBLING

Hürrem Sinem ŞANLIHürrem Sinem ŞANLI,, Berkay ERDAL — 2024-08-29

In this research, it was aimed to create new surfaces with marbling which is one of the Turkish decorative arts. And it is aimed to see the applicability of the template printing technique with the designs made on the marbling fabrics and to create different surfaces for the creative products that can be used today. This research is an experimental work in the screening model that includes the combination of art of marbling and template printing technique. The research universe; marbling art and original printing, as a sample, tide marbling, shawl marbling, splayed marbling, serpmeli battal and template printing technique. First, marbling was done on the fabrics and then 5 designs which were made in Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop program were made on fabrics with marbling. Marbling dyes used in fabrics have soil dyes and pigment dyes. For the template printing, ready-made fabric dyes are used. The template printing have dark green, peanut green, burgundy, golden yellow, earth red. Marbling have black, pink, mustard yellow, salmon color, gray, burgundy, light yellow and purple colors. It is thought that the fabrics can contribute to the artistic products and create a product with a different point of view to the present textile designs.

A RESEARCH TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM ON PROCRASTINATION OF EMPLOYEES

Gökçen ÖZKAN,, Bünyamin AKDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Organizational cynicism is a specific attitude of employees towards the organization that threatens organizational performance and affects organizational commitment, job satisfaction and many other organizational concepts. Moreover, in a world of rapid change and transformation, the procrastination at work is experienced intensely in employees. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of organizational cynicism on general and decisional procrastination of employees. In this context, research was conducted to the health workers such as nurses etc. consisted of 393 participants working in the hospitals of Malatya, Elazığ and Bingöl. As a result, it was determined that health workers' levels of organizational cynicism were high and the level of general and decisional procrastination was close to the average. Also, it has been found that organizational cynicism had a positive and small effect on general procrastination and decisional procrastination. Various suggestions on these results were submitted.

DEMONIC POSSESSION

Tuğba TAŞDEMİR, — 2024-08-29

The aim of this article is to detect demonic possession existing in religions, such as hinduism, buddhism, taoism and shintoism as well as Islam, Judaism and Christianity which are monotheistic religions, a person’s mind and body being run by an entity such as an evil spirit, devil or satan with respect to faith in nation, and being determined with various changes such as abnormal physical force, rejecting sacred objects, foretelling and speaking in a different tongue or language, and rites of demonic possession which sacred objects such as amulet, crucifix etc. concerning ethos have been used, at times, methods have been performed such as letting person go hungry, without water and whipping as well, and to be able to expose how the faith of demonic possession takes place between mental and psychological disorders. At this juncture, the faith of demonic possesion and exorcism by means of religious and cultural interpretation, and the relation between mental and psychological disorders and this faith from the past to present day will be emphasized first. Afterwards, opinions in psychology and psychiatry being put forward about demonic possession, and besides cases of demonic posssesion with their analyses will be discussed. Lastly, reviews of psychology and psychiatry about rite of demonic possession, and this rite will be mentioned in terms of its effect on the therapy process of mental and psychological disorders. From this point of view, this article will also seek answers to questions such as:‘‘Do rites of demonic possession based on the faith of demonic possesion have an effect on the therapy process of mental and psychological disorders and patient’s recovery process?’’, and if, how do these rites affect the process?’’

NECESSITY OF SOCIAL EUROPE IN THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP

Bilge Hamarat ERCAN, — 2024-08-29

The European Union (EU) Project is a project which started out with a limited purpose like economic cooperation; but then, evolved toward a very assertive goal like European integration and the significance of social adaptation that can be provided increased after Central and Eastern Europe countries became members of the European Union. The European integration beginning with economic reasons inside the EU has an aim to create the only Europe which exists in peace. Initially, arrangements in economic area were made and arrangements in political and social areas were then brought to agenda in the EU. With Maastricht Pact (1992) (Europe Pact) and Lisbon Pact (2009), the structure of the EU became more suitable for political integration. The concept of the European citizenship which was established in 1992 and was tried to be improved from this date on will determine the EU’s future with social adaptation between communities. Furthermore, new arrangements which affect European communities directly and which were made under social policies increase the level of integration.

A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO FACTORS AFFECTING CORPORATE VALUE

Mustafa GÖZEN, — 2024-08-29

The strategic management of the corporate value is becoming increasingly important and accepted today. The focus of financial decisions is decisions and activities that affect the market value of corporations. The purpose of maximizing the market value of the corporations is to achieve a rational and long term approach. Today, businesses operate in an environment where a large number of variables interact, in other words, where ambiguity and complexity are high. It is therefore necessary to develop approaches to understand corporate behavior in such environments so that companies can make the right planning and make the right decisions in these uncertain environments. One of the issues that require a new approach in business is to identify the factors that affect corporate value. In this article, factors affecting corporate value are classified under three main headings. These factors are; macroeconomic factors, financial and company-related factors and other factors. Within the scope of other factors, technical and environmental factors have been examined. Under the valuation of the corporation, it is necessary to understand the factors determining success and failure in the sector in which it operates. Regular monitoring and analysis of sectoral information give better results in corporate valuations.

A Research Intended For The Image Perception For Turkish Tea

Mevlüde Canan CAN,, Zeynep Kazancı BAŞARAN — 2024-08-29

Tea is one of the beverages which is drunk the most and its first invention goes back to 2737 BC. Turks’ first meeting with tea mainly occurred with the establishment of first tea factory in Rize in 1947. The aim of this research is to determine the image perception of clients of tea in Turkey, where annual per capita consumption of tea is ranked 4th among all countries.The survey technique was used as the simple random sampling method. The population of the research is whole Turkey. The sample consists of 3500 people living in 12 different provinces where the voters are highest in number. These 26 cities were classified according to TUIK Nuts criteria. The sample was classified according to TUIK’s Nuts criterions in 26 provinces. Surveys were conducted face to face and by convenience sampling method.

SPSS 18.0 software package was used to ensure validity and reliability of the research and to examine developed hypotheses. The results of research were interpreted by descriptive statistics and frequency cables. Results showed that the blend, taste and flavor of Turkish tea is appreciated by clients and Turkish tea is preferred to foreign originated teas.

THE USE OF TRADITIONAL KNITTING MOTIFS AS COLLECTION REATION ELEMENT: KAYSERİ CITY SOCKS KNITTING EXAMPLE

Aslıhan ÇİFÇİ,, Banu Hatice GÜRCÜM — 2024-08-29

Thousands of years of historical and cultural legacy of the land we live on, is the most important phenomenon that has to be evaluated in design field. The tangible and intangible values necessary to distinguish one nation from another have an impact to enable a product gain identity and help to increase its competence. In order to find the answers for the sociocultural elements in design, ethnographic methods have to be employed during studying traditional habits, norms or artifacts and transferring the social data into design. Ethnographic research in general has been used in twentieth century for the first time to deeply investigate a society or a group. Handicrafts, accepted as the most vivid and meaningful documents of a nation’s cultural being have great importance with a wide range and variety of artifacts and techniques. Hand knitting is a traditional way of production among handicrafts which has been preserved till today. For this reason, this research is designed as a qualitative research on the use of traditional knit motifs as a source of collection inspiration over the Kayseri province hand-knit socks and booties. One of the main objectives of the research is to transfer the recorded samples of knitting tradition, which has been carried up to daylight, with a contemporary textile collection to the next generations, and to add a research to this research. The sub-objectives of this research were determined to be considered as a discipline which is the scientific methodology of textile design and contributing to the use of ethnographic researches as design research technique in the process of textile design which requires creativity and originality and to use the findings of this research as design data for a modern creation. In order to achieve these goals, a field research has been carried out in 5 villages of Kayseri province and 101 socks and booties have been recorded. The research data was collected through literature review, visual analysis, unattended and mechanical observation and semi-structured interview techniques and used as a source of inspiration for modern textile design.

THE EVALUATİON OF TEACHERS’ VİEWS REGARDİNG THE USE OF INSTRUCTİONAL TECHNOLOGİES DURİNG LEARNİNG PROCESS

Zekavet KABASAKAL,, S. Sevgi UYGUR — 2024-08-29

Today the fast technological developments also change the context of instructional technologies. Teachers are the guides of students during their learning processes and their abilities and use of instructional technologies also change alongside with the changes. This research aiming to evaluate teachers’ views regarding the use of instructional technologies during learning process was conducted via qualitative design. It is stated that qualitative studies can investigate variaties, richness and differences that can be available in a population in detail. The study group consisted of 40 teachers who were working in different Anatolian High Shools in İzmir, Turkey. An interview form including 10 questions was designed and implemented by the researcher as a data collection tool. The form had two sections; Section A and Section B. Section A included questions regarding teachers’ demographic information, and Section B asked questions regarding teachers’ evaluations of instuctional technologies that they employed during 4 domains; during their lesson preparation, teaching, post lesson studies and exam questions preparation processes. Teachers who have less than 5 years of seniority stated they used smart boards (98%), memory store (82.5%), e-book (75%). Teachers with an experience of more than 5 years stated they used course books and lesson notes (85%) mostly.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENCY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED CAUSES OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISES

Serkan ÖZDEMİR,, Çağrı KÖROĞLU — 2024-08-29

The destruction of the financial crises of the world economy, the prevention of financial crises or the reduction of their effects; it is important that financial information is produced within the framework of corporate governance. The concept of transparency, which is one of the basic elements of corporate governance approach, increases the analytical efficiency and credibility of the financial information produced in the business accounting information systems. Thus, in particular, it is expected that the resistance of the enterprises or the country's economies in total in the financial crisis will increase. In addition, financial information produced in the context of corporate transparency is needed for all stakeholders to anticipate financial crises and to take necessary measures. The focus of the study was on the role of the concept of corporate governance and transparency in preventing financial crises, especially in the context of accounting information system based reasons of the recent global financial crisis. For this purpose, the characteristics, effects and reasons of the global financial crisis have been examined in detail. Subsequently, accounting information system-based reasons and solution proposals of global financial crises have been explained in relation to the concept of corporate governance and transparency. When all these determinations are summarized, it is envisaged that the transparency concept, which is one of the basic elements of corporate governance approach, will increase the analytical efficiency and credibility of the financial information produced in the business accounting information systems. Thus, in particular, it is expected that enterprises or the country's economies in total will increase resistance in financial crises and can be overcome with less harm.

THE EFFECT OF DOCUMENTARIES ON THE INTEREST IN MODERN WORLD HISTORY CLASSES AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS

İhsan ÜNLÜ,; Alper KAŞKAYA , Sena COŞGUN KANDAL — 2024-08-29

This study, investigates the effects of documentaries on the interest in Modern World History classes and academic success. The Experimental Design with Pretest-Posttest Control-Study Groups and the Quantitative Research Methods were used in the present study. The experimental process was run in Modern World History classes with Social Sciences Teacher Candidates. One of the groups was assigned as the Control Group, and the other one was assigned as the Study Group in the light of the Convenient Sampling Method. The Interest Scale and the Academic Success Test were filled in by the Teacher Candidates before and after the application. The data obtained in the course of the study were analyzed with the SPSS and Nvivo11 programs. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the Interest and the Academic Success levels of the Study Group in which documentary movies were used were higher at a significant level. It is understood from the quantitative study data that using documentary movies in the educational processes may have advantages as well as several disadvantages. As a conclusion, documentary movies bring positive contributions to educational processes within the limitations of the present study. It has been considered that the research in which documentary movies are used in different branches with different educational methods-techniques will contribute to the literature.

ECONOMICAL ELITES IN TURKEY

Arda ERCAN, — 2024-08-29

After the 1789 Revolution, nationalist movements emerged all over the world. After this date, in general, the state control of the economy has been pre-regulated. But with globalization, state control over the economy has begun to diminish. In Turkey, with the government's control over the economy declining, the emerging economic elite has not been shaped entirely by the free market. This new class appears to have emerged with the help of the state. This study will try to explain the basic reasons for the emergence of the economic elite class in Turkey and its differentiation from the examples in the world.

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE STUDIES PUBLISHED IN JOURNAL OF INTELECTUAL CAPITAL THAT ARE RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL (2010-2017)

Adnan DÖNMEZ,, Uğur ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

Intellectual capital has become one of the most important competition means of the companies in present conditions of where competition between companies is increased and it is crossed into information society from industrial society. It is seen that intellectual capital issue that became important in terms of companies in recent years has intensively come up by many researchers. The aim of this study is to make content and author analysis of the studies related to intellectual capital and published in Journal of Intellectual Capital between 2010 and 2017. According to the results, it is appeared that mostly empirical models are usedas research method in 247 studies that are published between 2010 and 2017 and regression analysis is seen in the studies that used empirical models. It is seen that researchers have come up intellectual capital issue in the manner that it mostly covers all its factors as “intellectual capital” title. The studies are mostly co-authored and the specialty of the authors that contributed to the studies are mostly economy, business and management sciences.

THE MODERATOR EFFECT OF POWER DISTANCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE

Oya AYTEMİZ SEYMEN,, Erdoğan KORKMAZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research; whether the power distance has a moderator effect on the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational silence. The main universe of the research is 600 people working in institutions and institutions operating in the public health sector in Balıkesir; the sample, on the other hand, constitutes 550 active employees. The main universe was determined on the basis of the records of Balikesir Provincial Health Directorate, Balikesir Public Health Directorate and Balikesir Public Hospitals Union General Secretariat. Questionnaire was applied by simple random sampling method. In this context, the scale developed by Allen and Meyer (1991: 1-18) and adapted by Seymen (2008: 240) to Turkish in order to determine the level of organizational commitment of employees; (2000) developed by Van Dyne et al. (2003) and Eroğlu et al. (2011: 114) used to determine the level of scale and power distance in order to determine levels of organizational silence . The data were analyzed by determining the relationships between the main and sub variables. As a result of the research; (B = -0,118, p <0,05) in terms of organizational commitment and organizational silence. According to this result, as power distance increases, there is an opposite effect between organizational commitment and organizational silence.

ADOPTION OF "EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING" AS A MAINSTREAM MODEL THROUGH ART PRACTICES

Hatice Kübra ERGİN, — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of this study, Syrian university students who take refuge in Turkey and the Turkish university students who are studying in our country by making them a tool of art and comparing them with the preliminary and final questionnaire application. In order to make this comparison, 20 Syrian and 20 Turkish students came together under the project "Art Days: Syria and Turkey Meet in Art" supported by Harran University and Danish Refugee Council within the scope of painting, music and dance activities. In the study, Harran University was selected to reach university students in Şanlıurfa province where Syrian refugees mostly emigrated. It was also necessary for the university students who attended art education to examine the concept of 'empathy' in their approach to Syrian refugees and in addition to the cooperation of Turkish scholars through art through Syrian refugees. Through work, the social acceptance in Turkish students and the possible crisis in the social cohesion process in Syrian refugees have been tried to be integrated into a positive field with the unifying power of art. As a result of this study, the last questionnaire was applied to determine whether some changes in students' feelings and feelings Were analyzed using the SPSS program. This project aims to create awareness through art by suggesting empathy.

EGYPTIAN WOMEN’S MOVEMENT IN THE POST-ARAB SPRING ERA

Melike GÜNGÖR, — 2024-08-29

In Egypt, women’s movement has been characterized through various types of activities since 1940s when independent organizations came to exist. During those years, women’s agencies, demands and political expressions were shaped through substantial political incidents such as revolutions and wartimes. These extra-ordinary processes have significant impact on Egyptian gender order which points to the general policy and discourse about gendered relations. The Arab Spring has also been one of these dramatic changes which have influenced Egyptian women’s movement in different ways through exclusionary discourse neglecting women’s being in the public.

This study investigates how post- Arab Spring era has influenced women’s movement in Egypt. Also, this study focuses on political reflections created by women as a response to gender policies and gender understanding in the society after the Arab Spring upbringings. Therefore, this study argues women’s agencies shaped through and against the oppression applied by social and political constraints about women’s participation into the public sphere.

THE INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS CENTER OF TURKEY: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF HOPA PORT’S SEAWAYS LOGISTICS

Veysel TATAR,, Meriç Burçin Özer — 2024-08-29

In these days, the convergence of economies and the extension of manufacturing and marketing to international levels increase the importance of the safely transporting of goods along with logistics and the related activities. Today, as in the world trade, an important portion of Turkey’s trade is being carried via marine transportation whose domain of activities carries international significance. Hopa Port, with its potential of logistics and the logistics services it provides, makes valuable contributions to both the international trade and the domestic market of Turkey. In this context, this study aims at examining the current situation of seaways logistics of Hopa County, which is viewed as an important port of Turkey and the logistics base of Black Sea Region, as well as the fundamental problems of the sector. Descriptive statistical analyses have been utilized in the evaluation of the data.

THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION-GASTRONOMY NEWSPAPER WRİTİNGS ON THE NUTRITION HABIT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Esra MANKAN,, Duygu İÇYER — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the relation between nutrition- gastronomy related news and the level of eating habits university students'. The research group is university students who are studying in 2016-2017 academic year from Bahçeşehir University Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bosphorus University Psychology Department, Beykent University Public Relations and Advertising, Marmara University Journalism Department, Yıldız Technical University Architecture Department.

Questionnaires were also used which publications the students were following, and the questions about gastronomy-news on the headlines. In the analysis of the data; descriptive statistics have been classified.In our study, it was determined that university students use the internet 97.5% every day. It was observed that percentage of those who are influenced by the news and who change a product while 47.5% (K 30.8%, E 16.7%), prebiotic products and herbal teas were changed in the same ratio (8.8%) and fast food and diet products were changed in the same ratio (7.0%). Biscuits, ice cream, energy drinks, (0.0%) stated that the media had no effect on changing their preferences.

As a result, while there was a statistically significant relationship between newspaper articles and magazine news about healthy eating and gastronomy. (X² = 41.956, p <0.05); there was no significant difference between changing or changing a product

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE, WORK ALIENATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST

Gamze Ebru ÇİFTÇİ,, Melahat ÖNEREN — 2024-08-29

This research focuses on the relationship of organizational silence and organizational trust among employees to work alienation. A survey was conducted to 435 staff working in the Governor’s Office of Kırıkkale and in the related public instituons. Three scales, two of which have been developed by the researcher herself, were applied in the survey. The data obtained from these three scales, “Organizational Silence Scale", "Work Alienation Scale" and "Organizational Trust Scale” were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, frequency, correlation and multiple regression analysis in the SPSS 16.0. The findings related to the relationship between the organizational silence, organizational trust and sub-dimensions of work alienation are of significance. There are significant relationships between defensive silence, acquiescent silence, protective silence, submissive silence and work alienation. There is also a significant association between the sub-dimensions of the work alienation and trust in the institution and executives. The study also deals with the relationship of the demographic characteristics of the participants to the organizational silence, organizational trust and work alienation. While significant differences show up in the relationship of organizational silence and organizational trust and work alienation to the participants' gender, educational level, marital status, working hours and age, nothing significant is there with respect to the titles or positions of the participants.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SILK ROAD FROM PAST TO PRESENT AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES RELATED TO THIS

Erkan IŞIKTAŞ,, Alev DURAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research is to reveal form past to present the significance of the silk road and a collective catalog of the scientific studies related to it. With relation to the research, three subproblems sentences were identified. In this context, firstly the position of the Silk Road in the historical process has been examined. Consequently, according to the scrutinizing we have done, The Silk Road has become one of the most important building blocks of human history, both economically and socio-cultural. The Silk Road has taken it's name from "silk", an important trade product. The Silk Road has not been the only route between Asia and Europe that carries commercial goods also it has become a transporter of interactions and exchanges in which different nations are involved in cultural exchange. The question “Does this road which has fulfilled this historical mission very successfully in the past, carry the same precaution and function today?” is these supgroup problem of the study. In this framework, it has been revealed that it has been wanted to be activated and activities that enhencing function and importance of the road today again as it was in the past. The last subproblem of the research is to make a contribution to the studies by gathering the bibliographies of major scientific studies on this subject collectively. This research is important in terms of reveal that the role and importance of the silk road and take the works carried out to day to re-activate this road anda collective catalog of the scientific studies related to it. In the research, one of the qualitative research methods, document analysis, and literature research technique were used. As a result of there searches which were made in this direction, it was determined that books and articles related to the subject were written, informed with symposiums and conferences and papers were presented within the framework of there quired scientific procedures and basis by the various aspects of the silk road which is subject of scientific researches. It is concluded that various studies related to the Silk Road have been made, but the studies made are in adequate and many subjects are opento be investigated.

PERCEPTION OF BUSINESS ETHICS: A STUDY ON BUSINESS STUDENTS

Özgür Ekin SUCU,, İbrahim AYVAZ — 2024-08-29

Business ethics includes the norms that define what is moral and not in every act between a business and any person or organizations that business has a relation with. People or organizations that a business have relation can include many entities in macro and micro level like customers, workers, competitors, social environment. As today’s business are bigger than ever the entities they have relation became larger in numbers and also more complicated in nature. In this respect it has become even more difficult for businesses to define and apply ethical codes for business conducts. As a result, research on business ethics concentrated on to specify and evaluate attitudes about ethical responsibilities of businesses. Specially opinions and attitudes of business students about business ethics is an important problem since they are potential future managers in business world. Consequently, in this research attitudes of business students against businesses ethics is measured and how these attitudes change in regard of certain variables like gender, working status and class is analyzed. The reulst shows, there is a difference between males and females, while working status and classes does not have any impact on ethical perception of students.

BUILDING UP OF HUMAN VIRTUE FOR RESTORATION OF CIVILIZATION

İsmail GÖKTÜRK, — 2024-08-29

Civilization is mentioned by institutions such as architecture, literature, music, and Ahi foundations those are manifestations of civilization. However civilization is manifestation of faith and a creation of people who lives in sincerity of faith. Therefore it is necessary that building up a mankind who carries a faith that reflected in the outside firstly for restorating the civilization. Our Prophet (s.a.v) had also built up the human virtue at Dar’ul Erkam and Mescid-i Nebevi in a system perhaps lately that named madrasa or tekke. The aim of this study is to determine training of skilled human perspective. Skilled human at Sufism is mature human. Maturity is to do rational, aesthetic, and what is reasonable. In this study, the perspective of the human concept of our civilization will be discussed firstly. After, the paradigm of modern man and society will be discussed. The last part of the study will be focused on within the framework of the concepts of culture and civilization, the necessity of a human being and society model based on our own understanding of civilization

RUSSIAN LEXICOGRAPY AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY STUDY ON RUSSIAN DICTIONARIES

Selin TEKELİ, — 2024-08-29

Lexicology is the most active, changing and developing field of a language. When vocabulary and words are investigated in the language, the dictionaries are the first referenced sources. Dictionaries, which contain concrete materials of a language, include the full vocabulary of a language. The transfer of material, spiritual, cultural and social values from generation to generation is possible with the dictionaries. The dictionary is a branch of science that reveals one or more languages ??of the asset in a particular order and to examine the linguistic dictionaries of this language. In our study is planned to examine three main issues of Russian lexicography: conceptual framework (definitions of dictionary and lexicography), lexicography of Russian and bibliography of Russian dictionaries. This article deals with the Russian lexicography and the dictionaries of the Russian language. The topic of Russian lexicography is very comprehensive and important. We aim to provide general and accurate information about lexicography in Russian language. This study includes the Russian lexicography studies that Soviet linguist (1880-1944) L.V. Shcherba’s first theory work “Opıt obşçey teorii leksikografii (Attempt at a general lexicography of theory)”; and other some Russian dictionaries that has been written until today. This study is a bibliographic study about Russian dictionaries. The dictionaries are listed according to the publication year (from present to past) in the bibliography. When we look at the dictionaries of the Russian language, we see that there are many dictionary types: explanatory dictionaries, synonim dictionaries, antonym dictionaries, etymology dictionaries, dialect dictionaries, historical dictionaries, idioms and proverbs dictionaries, dictionaries of author and book dictionaries and so on. Besides giving the meaning of a word in the Russian dictionaries, are also included some informations: the word sex (male, female, middle grade), word type (name, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, etc.), according to the verb of the personal pronouns, perfective and incompleteness status , which form the use of the name, singular-plural situations, the use of the example sentence word in any study, whether the old words, the quote is given in a much more certain order in the dictionary as it passes through which language.

DUNNING KRUGER IMPACT: DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOTEL BUSINESS

Musa KARAÇOR,; Ozan ÇATIR , Kenan SAKALLI — 2024-08-29

The main theme of this study is the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is revealed by psychologists Justin Kruger and David Dunning (1999). The aim of the study is to develop various proposals for the managers of the hotel enterprises, starting from the theses put forward by the authors to examine the Dunning-Kruger effect. In the study, related basic works were explored using the secondary sources, using the literature review method and discussed in the direction of the aim of the study. Secondary sources were utilized in this study, related basic studies were investigated by using the literature search method and it has been discussed in the direction of the aim of working. In the study, the authors demonstrated that low competence and the basis of four hypotheses for the behavior of individuals with high competence, propositions for the behavior of hotel managers is presented. The empirical examination of the proposed research proposals has been left to future studies.

THREE ELECTIONS IN ERZİNCAN: 1950-1954-1957 GENERAL ELECTIONS

Erdem YAVUZ, — 2024-08-29

In the Ottoman period, the first parliamentary elections were possible with the " The Ottoman basic law/The Ottoman Constitution" declared in 1876. The elections of 1876 followed by the elections of 1908, 1912, 1914, 1919, 1920 and 1923. After the declaration of the Republic, in the single party period, elections were held in 1927, 1931, 1935, 1939 and 1943 and The period of single-party elections continued until 1946. In general, these elections are called non-democratic elections, although different practices have been included in each election. In the 1946 elections, a single-grade election system based on open voting and closed counting was introduced. In Turkey, the first election for free elections in democratic conditions is the 1950 elections. As a matter of fact, for the first time, a second party came up against the electorate to seize power and passed secret ballot open classification practice in the elections. The 1954 and 1957 elections followed the election of the 1950 in which Democratic Party rulership began. The aim of this study is to examine the Erzincan dimension of the elections of 1950, 1954 and 1957 and to examine in detail the activities of the pre-election parties in Erzincan and the election results.In addition, information was given about the candidates represented by political parties in Erzincan and the deputies representing Erzincan.

AN ALTERNATİVE MODEL FOR INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION: INTERNATIONALIZATION AT HOME

Devrim Vural YILMAZ, — 2024-08-29

In the 21th century international dimension of higher education have been transforming into a much more strategic phenemenon and cross border education have been widening. Yet, the growth of international education and mobility has brought about a risk of deeepening inequalities which are already inherent in the world. Global education market has been based on a hierarchical structure between advanced countries and underdeveloped ones. International mobility too, serves most to the advantage of richer students. This face of international education has been on the agenda of scholars who search for more egalitarian approaches. Internationalization at home- IaH is a new approach which aims to help all higher education students achieve international and intercultural dimensions, and to ensure that returning students from international exchange programs have opportunities to “integrate their study abroad experiences and provide alternative international experiences at home for those who choose not to study abroad. Stemming from its comprehensive and qualitative approach, this model can be regarded as a long difficult road. Yet, IaH approach might be relatively good starting point for those who do not benefit from international education and particularly for universities which are at disadvantageous position in global market. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to introduce IaH concept to Turkish literature and to set a different perspective for policy makers.

REFLECTIONS OF TURKEY-BULGARIA RELATIONS MILITARY RELATIONS (1939-1945)

Esra SARIKOYUNCU DEĞERLİ,, Hasan KARAKUZU — 2024-08-29

The military relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Bulgarian states, which have historical ties, are shaped by the political and social events brought about by the era. Particularly in relations with the friendship treaty signed in 1925, relations were strained by the policies applied to the Turks in Bulgaria and the events of Razgrat. But with the messages of the leaders and diplomats of the two countries as well as Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's efforts in the Balkans to make peace and security permanent, relations have entered a period of softening. Mutual visits of both Turkish and Bulgarian administrators have increased friendship. With the beginning of World War II, Turkey and Bulgaria, which have built their policies on neutrality and trust, have maintained political relations even under difficult conditions (occupation, destruction, famine, etc.). In military relations, they basically acted in unity and harmony in terms of non-aggression against each other and the provision of border security.

NEW MEDIA AS A CITIZEN JOURNALISM MEMBER: TWITTER SAMPLE

Anıl Kaan UÇAR, — 2024-08-29

Citizen journalism is the kind of journalism that is theoretically introduced by the media organs that are missing in terms of sharing ideas and information in terms of ineffective journalism activities and liberal democracy, depending on the 1988 presidential election process in the United States. In practical terms, Citizen journalism has become the center of everyday life with the development of new media technologies. The new media concept, covering all social networks, allows citizens to share information and become a potential journalist while contributing to the fact that traditional media is a source of news and takes the lead in social events. In the social events mentioned in the content of the study, Twitter is the most prominent social network. Twitter has contributed to the convergence of society with professional journalists of traditional media, both as a public debate and at the point of information flow. Twitter, where citizens can share as potential journalists in the transmission of events that do not attract the attention of traditional media, has created an atmosphere in which Citizen journalism finds its way, leading to a journalism mentality such as Twitter journalism entering the literature.