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Abstract
This study explores the application of computer-aided designs (CAD) to clay surfaces using the Sgraffito engraving technique. The project aimed to modernize traditional Sgraffito techniques by employing computer-controlled engraving machines, allowing for enhanced precision and repeatability. Various types of clay bodies—plastic, leather-hard, and dry—were tested to identify the optimal hardness level for machine engraving. The results indicated that leather-hard clay provided the best outcomes, minimizing issues such as chipping and dust formation that were observed in softer and drier clay bodies. The initial phase involved developing a 3D ceramic printer. The mechanical components were assembled, and software such as Carbide Create and Candle were used to generate engraving codes and control the printing process. The study further examined the impact of different end mill types and engraving depths, finding that flat-surfaced mills provided more consistent results at various depths. To enhance the contrast of the engraved designs, a black engobe mixture (70% clay, 20% feldspar, and 10% black stains) was applied in two coats to the ceramic surfaces before engraving. Following the engraving, the tiles were dried, biscuit-fired, and glazed using a spraying technique, resulting in a smooth, uniform surface. This research demonstrates that combining traditional Sgraffito methods with modern CAD tools and 3D printing technology enables the creation of high-quality ceramic tiles with greater precision and efficiency. The successful adaptation of these techniques can pave the way for further innovations in ceramic art, preserving traditional aesthetics while embracing contemporary digital methods.
