Author :
Abstract
Tasarımcısı Gustave Eiffel’den ismini alan Eyfel Kulesi, 1889 yılında Paris’te gerçekleştirilen Uluslararası Sergi’nin girişi için inşa edilmiştir. Fransız İhtilali’nin yüzüncü yılını kutlayan Dünya Fuarı için uygun bir yapıt olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Fransa’nın evrensel ikonu haline gelen Eyfel Kulesi, bilim ve endüstrinin zafer takı olarak algılanabilir. Tartışmalara konu olmasına ve sanat dünyasının en önemli isimlerinin de içinde bulunduğu üç yüz kişi tarafından “Eyfel Kulesi’ne Karşı Sanatçılar” adını taşıyan bir dilekçenin imzalanmasına karşın, pek çok Avrupalı sanatçı, Eyfel Kulesi’nin görkeminden ilham almışlardır. Sanatçılar, kuleyi portrelerinde ve kent manzaralarında görselliğe kavuşturmuşlardır. Paul Louis Delance, modernlik sembolünü resmeden ilk sanatçı olmuştur. Eseri, henüz inşaat aşamasında olan kuleyi bitmemiş haliyle yansıtmıştır. Art İzlenimci ressamlar Georges Seurat, Paul Signac ve Henri Rousseau, kuleyi dikilmesinin ilk on senesi içinde betimlemişlerdir. Orfizm akımının kurucusu Robert Delaunay ve Paris Okulu sanatçılarından Rus asıllı Marc Chagall, Eyfel Kulesi’nin en sık resmeden iki sanatçıdır. Raoul Dufy, Fernand Léger, Diego Rivera, Max Beckmann ve Christian Schad, kule imgesini resimlerinde kullanan sanatçılar arasında sayılabilir. Eyfel Kulesi, ressamların gözünde farklı görünümlere bürünmüştür: noktacı, dışavurumcu, kübist, orfist ve soyut.
Keywords
Abstract
The Eiffel Tower, named after its designer Gustave Eiffel, was erected as the entrance to the Paris International Exposition in 1889. It was a suitable centerpiece for the World Fair which celebrated the centennial of the French Revolution. The Eiffel Tower, became the global icon of France and served as the triumphal arch of science and industry. Altough the tower had been a subject of controversy and a petition called “Artists against the Eiffel Tower” was signed by three hundred poeple including some of the most important figures of the arts, many European painters were inspired by the majestic figure of the Eiffel Tower. They picturized the tower in their portraits and cityscapes. Paul Louis Delance was the first artist to depict the symbol of modernity. His picture shows the unfinished tower under construction. Post Impressionist artists Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Henri Rousseau painted the tower in the first decade of its existence. Robert Delaunay, founder of Orphism and Marc Chagall, Russian artist of École de Paris, are the two artists who painted the tower most frequently. Raoul Dufy, Fernand Léger, Diego Rivera, Max Beckmann and Christian Schad can also be counted among the artists who used the image of the tower in their artworks. The Eiffel Tower had diverse appearances in the eyes of the painters: pointilist, expressionist, cubist, orphist and abstract.
Keywords
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