Author :
Abstract
Arap Baharı olarak adlandırılan ve aslından baharın güzellikleriyle uzaktan yakından ilgisi olmayan süreç Ortadoğu’da bölge ülkelerini teker teker etkisi altına almış, Yemen de bu etkiden uzak kalamamıştır. Ancak Yemen’de yaşanan iç savaşın nedenlerini sadece Arap Baharı’na bağlamak doğru bir yaklaşım da değildir. Ülkede kırk yılı aşkın bir süredir bölünmeler ve iç savaşa varan mezhep kökenli çatışmalar olagelmiştir. Arap Baharı ise bu sürece yeni bir isim verilmesi ve yaşananların uluslararası gündeme taşınması noktasında etki etmiştir. Yemen’in bugünkü durumunda Şii kökenli Husileri destekleyen İran ile Sünnilere ve hükümete destek veren Suudi Arabistan’ın da etkisi büyüktür. İran tarafından desteklenen Husilerin, ülkede önemli noktaları ele geçirmeye başlaması ile ülkede yeni bir zorlu süreç başlamıştır. 2015 yılında ülkede kilit noktaları ele geçirerek ilerleyen Husileri durdurmak adına Suudi Arabistan önderliğindeki koalisyon Yemen’e hava operasyonu başlatmıştır. Bu hava operasyonları ve ülkede uygulanan abluka yüzünden Yemen’de çok ciddi insani krizler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada Yemen’in bugün içinde bulunduğu duruma zemin hazırlayan tarihsel geçmiş incelenerek, ülkedeki iç savaşta mezhepsel bölünmenin ve diğer devletlerin etkisi üzerinde durulacaktır. Son olarak ise bütün bu çatışmaların ve iç savaşın Yemen halkı üzerindeki etkisi, ülkedeki insani krizin boyutları ve uluslararası toplumun olaylara yaklaşımı ifade edilecektir.
Keywords
Abstract
The process which is called the Arab Spring and which has no connection whatsoever to the beauties of the spring has affected the countries of the region one by one in the Middle East and Yemen has not been able to stay away from this influence. But it is not the right approach to connect the causes of the civil war in Yemen only to the Arab Spring. There have been sectarian originated conflicts and separations that have been reached to civil war in the country for over 40 years. The Arab Spring has only influenced to give a new name to this process and to bring these events to the international agenda. Iran, which supports the Shiite originated Houthis, and Saudi Arabia, which supports the Sunnis and the government, have great influence in Yemen’s present case. In 2015, the coalition under the leadership of the Saudi Arabia initiated an air operation to Yemen to stop the Houthies, who have gained ground by seizing key points in the country. These air operations and the blockade in the country have caused very serious humanitarian crises in Yemen. In this study, the historical background of Yemen, which has triggered the current situation, will be examined and the influence of the sectarian separation and other states in the civil war in the country will be emphasized. Finally, the influence of all these conflicts and the civil war on the people of Yemen, the extent of the humanitarian crisis in the country and the approach of the international community to these events will be expressed.
Keywords
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